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    12 views16 pages

    Beta & Gamma Functions

    Uploaded by

    Anshu Raj

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    10 Beta and Gamma Functions 10.0 Introduction er we study some simple properties of the beta function nese functions are defined in the form of ay a properties of these functions are dering In this chapt and the gamma function: integral and all the addition from the integral representation. 10.1 Beta and Gamma Functions Definition. ‘The Beta function is defined by 1 [rec (m,n > 0). 0 Alm) ‘The Gamma function is defined by 8 T(n) = i get de (n> 0). 0 Note. The Beta function defined above converges if m,n > 0 and the Gamma function defined above converges if n > 0. Properties and results of Beta and Gamma functions o< | pian Proof. (m,n) 2™"1(1 — 2)" de. 0 Put o= phy. Hence 1-a=1-y¥o=yhy v a When « = en = = 0, y= 0. When # +1, y—+ 00. Also dz = tH. a+) ie ee lar tao aro © scanned with OKEN Scanner Bete ‘2 and Gamma Functions 547 ut a {wipe eye _ — aml Cape +2)mrr 0 a fim) =2 | tina onaig | . 1 Proof. A(m,n { 211 a1 ge, 0 Put ¢=sin?t. Hence dz = 2sint cost dt, When 2 =0,¢=0 and when 2 =1, ¢= 5. #2 ©. B(m,n) = f sin? 1)"~"(cos? t)""2sint cost dt 0 72 =2 | (sin 2)?" (cos.2)?°-? de. 0 3. B(m,n) = B(n,m). 1 Proof. (m,n) { 2™1(1— 2)" de. 0 1—y. Hence 1-2 = y, Also dz = —dy. Put x ¢ When = 0, y= 1 and when # = 1, y=0. ¢ | + A(mn) = A(nm). 4. (m,n) = A(m-+1,n) +A(mn +). © scanned with OKEN Scanner 548 Engineering Mathematics er(1— a) ett ade 1 o™(1- a) de + frre —2)"de 0 | / Blm + i,n) + B(msn + 1)- Roe maar} 8 © scanned with OKEN Scanner Be ela and Garima Functions 549 Pepe oo =[0-(-1)=1. 1. T(n-+1) =nl where n is a positive integer. | proof. We have I'(n-+1) = n(n) (by 5) n(n —1)P(n—1) =n(n—1)---2-1-7(1) (cent, (using’6). 8. T(n)=2 { et ys dy. 0 Proof. We havé'T(si)'= f erat 7 Put x =y". Hence dx = 2y dy. Tin) = [eM WA taydy=2 | ey hdy s 9. Almn o dyad wow geet gant} dn dy y=reind, Hence ler hia dieaneed © scanned with OKEN Scanner 550 Engineering Mathematios tegral the region of integration is the entire fost inter ae 0 to co and @ varies from 0 to 7, 2, jm quadrant, In this are varies fro} a rm+2e-2(co0 0) y=" (in 0)?" [J] wer romr(n) =4 f i: 0 7 aman (eos 0) 1 (sin 0)" 40 dr 0 s oo Si 1/2 et pamt3nct dr [ (cos8)?"~*(sin 8)?" do a/2 aymenadate) i cos 0)*"- (sin 4)?"1 gg” " ~ a ots Ss Ss 8, wie [acm] ‘using ein _ T(m+n)A(m,n). + Bm) yet : ot i 10. r(3)'"- ag Abmay 0) © scanned with OKEN Scanner Betaand Gamma Functions 551 Prooks, We Have T(r) = f es Fath dass, ain ° Put 2 = log (})- Hened der; When x = 0, y= 1 and when 2 = 00, y =0, 2n0)= fofen(Q)™ 12. PrP (n+ 3) =T(2n)y/7. (Thisjis known-as duplication formula). 2 Proof. “Lét TL f in?™'e de‘ We claim tliat ° 2 * { setr2ede= 3 [sa va (putting 26 =) 0 o . a/2 ioe iyay (ine y) =n y) fa. Nes ( () a/2 ve Taking r= fain? de) ' ) 8 4 © scanned with OKEN Scanner 552. Engineering Mathemalics -” i (cinaz)20°4+1/2)-1 (cos 2) 70/9" de CEs 0 x2 Now taking J = f sin? 22 de ° 2 . i 2"(sin 2)*"(cosa)?* de ° a2" [(2) a(t aera) cv Osu at 4! x osdW eget (AF) Ey 7 TQn+1 From (i) and (ii) welget (n+ VF al nth)r (nod — (n+ T a TQn+T, : sPQn+ Ia =2T(n +0 (n+9). . ( 2nb(nyE (m+ 3), (using). (nF (n+ 2) =T(2n)/z. . 13. r(4)r(%) Vin “i \ bs Proof,,, Put,n.= Zin the duplication formula. (rg) “vir orev © scanned with OKEN Scanner Bota did Gamma ‘Funetiéne 553 Solved Problems 2 Problem 1. Evaluate f te" do, 0 S Solution. / ate de = 116) 0 y2/ oo Problem 2. Evaluate f 2 Fe¥ de, ° Solution. Put y= 32. se. Hence dy 3dz, Problem 3. Prove that [ Solution. Put st = se Hence s dt = a a Gehl owe ap ‘ \ ai 0, yok and whan 2 =v = Purther de =~" dy © scanned with OKEN Scanner 554 Engineering Mathematics ° ae log «)® dea ferme’) 3 r / otis? dy. Now, put 4y = t. Hence 4dy = dt. 1 1 -t(t a 1 : Hence, fevra= fe (3) (2) dt °. \ stplavel | nf). 0 641) Je @ fs 0 BD) reo) = abs a2 0 Problem 11. , Prove that T (n+ 3) = Onli (n = 0,1,2,-..) Hence find (5/2). , a : Solution. M(m4a) = [loeb =) (v9 2) 8. g]n() = (9-2) (m-$) $b ve © scanned with OKEN Scanner Bota and Gamma Functions 559 a using Gamma function. Solution. Let J = sin fe rhe isis #0 ir(}) = onl Problem 13,, If I = f iz ana, show that rie + T(n)P(1—n) = gptag where O

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