https://www.covid19.gov.

ph/information/dismiss-disinformation

https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=345925&p=7772376

https://pnl-law.com/blog/fake-news-under-the-revised-penal-code-unlawful-use-of-means-of-
publication/

Script Soc Sci 104 Report

Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News: What's the difference?

Everyone has heard the term "fake news" - but do you know what it really means? Do you know the
difference between misinformation and disinformation? Understanding the various ways that false
information is shared, and the motives and appeal behind it, is important in avoiding and combating it. 

Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News: What's the difference?

Everyone has heard the term "fake news" - but do you know what it really means? Do you know the
difference between misinformation and disinformation? Understanding the various ways that false
information is shared, and the motives and appeal behind it, is important in avoiding and combating it. 

Definitions of terms associated with false information

Term Definition Source

misinformation “false information that is Dictionary.com

spread, regardless of
whether there is intent to
mislead.”

disinformation “deliberately misleading or Dictionary.com

biased information;
manipulated narrative or
facts; propaganda.”

fake news  "purposefully crafted, Fake News:

sensational, emotionally
charged, misleading or
totally fabricated
information that mimics the
form of mainstream news" 
understanding media
and misinformation in
the digital age  (back
cover)

Deepfakes
Deepfakes are a new and particularly challenging type of audio, video, or image disinformation,
generally used in malicious ways. They have the potential to rapidly spread false words and actions to a
global audience, and can be extremely difficult to distinguish from real content. 

What are deepfakes? Quoting from Merriam-Webster, "The term deepfake is typically used to refer to a
video that has been edited using an algorithm to replace the person in the original video with someone
else (especially a public figure) in a way that makes the video look authentic."