Web of Data Tutorial - Part 1

Web of Data in the Context of Multimedia
Part 1: Linked Open Data: Vision, Concepts and Technologies
Bernhard Haslhofer, Bernhard Schandl, Andreas Langegger,

Wolfgang Halb, Tobias Bürger
1 SAMT 2009 – Tutorial Web of Data in the Context of Multimedia (WoDMM) Graz, Austria - 2 Dec 2009
Agenda
  Introduction   Multimedia Interlinking
  Producing Linked Data   Multimedia Annotations
  Existing Data Sets   Enriching Personal

Media Collections
  Linking Data
  Consuming Linked Data
Introduction: The Web of Data Vision
Web of Data Vision
  There is lots of data about the movie “The Shining”
available on the Web…
Genre: Horror/Thriller Release Date: 23 May

1980 (USA)
Title: The Shining Distributors: Warner Bros. Pictures Distribution
Running Time: 146 min (original), 144 min (cut),

120min (European cut)
Starring: Jack
Nicholson, Shelly Produced by: Stanley Kubrick
Duvall, Danny Lloyd, …
Web of Data Vision
  …but only in a human-readable representation
(HTML)
  Difficult to access these data by applications, unless

  they start parsing HTML representations (difficult, erroneous)
  they use data source specific APIs (e.g., Web Services), if there
are any
  Metadata about (multimedia) resources are still

locked in closed data silos
DB DB
DB DB
Web of Data Vision
  The Web is successful because it provides
  Uniform encoding (HTML)
  Uniform addressing (URI)
  Uniform transportation (HTTP)
for the exchange of documents.
  Why not apply the same mechanism to the

underlying data?
Web of Data Vision
  The Web of Data vision is to use the Web to provide

access not only to documents but also to the
underlying data
The Linked Data Principles
  Use URIs as names for things
  Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those

names
  When someone looks up a URI, provide useful

information, using the standards (RDF, SPARQL)
  Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover

more things
The Enabling Technologies
URI
  Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) identify things
  Use dereferencable HTTP URIs in the Web of Data
RDF
  A data model for representing metadata on the Web
  Several statements (triples) form a graph
RDF
  Links are an intrinsic RDF feature
RDF/XML, N3, Turtle, etc
RDFS
  A language for describing vocabularies in a machine-
understandable way
OWL
  A more expressive language for expressing
vocabularies and/or ontologies in a machine-
understandable way
SKOS
  A language for describing controlled vocabularies
SPARQL
  A query language and protocol for accessing RDF
data on the Web
Linked Data Implementation Best
Practices
How to publish vocabularies
  Hash-based URIs
  E.g., http://example.com/example1#ClassA
  Suited to group the description of a moderate number of related
terms into one document
  Agent can retrieve terms with a single HTTP request
  Slash-based URIs
  E.g., http://example.com/example1/ClassB
  Suited to split the descriptions of terms in large vocabularies into
one document per term
  No need for the agent to download a massive document to find
the description of a term
E.g.. extended configuration for hash namespace
E.g.. extended configuration for hash namespace
How to publish Linked Data
  Distinguish between
  non-information resource
  http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Shining_%28film%29
  Information resource
  http://dbpedia.org/page/The_Shining_%28film%29 (HTML)
  http://dbpedia.org/data/The_Shining_%28film%29 (RDF)
The Linking Open Data Project
Some clarifications
  Open Data: a philosophy, practice, or policy that data
are freely available to everyone without restrictions
from copyright, patents, a.s.o.
  Linked Data: best practices for exposing, sharing,

and connecting data using URIs and RDF
  Linking Open Data: a W3C community project with

the goal to extend the Web with a data commons by
publishing various open data sets as RDF on the
Web and by setting links between data items from
different sources
As of October 2007
Available Tools - Overview
RDF APIs
  Jena Semantic Web Framework (Java)
  http://jena.sourceforge.net/
  Sesame
  ARC (PhP)
  http://arc.semsol.org/
  Redland RDF – Ruby interface (Ruby)
  http://librdf.org/docs/ruby.html
  RDFlib (Python)
  http://www.rdflib.net/
Triple Stores
  Jena Semantic Web Framework (Java)
  http://jena.sourceforge.net
  Sesame (Java)
  http://www.openrdf.org/
  OpenLink Virtuoso
  http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/dataspace/dav/wiki/Main/
  ARC (PhP)
  http://arc.semsol.org/
  …
References
  RDF Primer: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
  OWL 2 Overview:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-
primer-20091027/
  Best Practice Recipes for Publishing RDF
Vocabularies:
http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-vocab-pub/
  How to Publish Linked Data on the Web:
http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/
LinkedDataTutorial/
  Pedantic Web Group: http://pedantic-web.org/
References
  Linking Open Data Project
  http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/
LinkingOpenData
Agenda

Media Collections
  Linking Data
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Linked Data Publishing Steps
The basic tenets of Linked Data are to:
  use the RDF data model to publish structured data
on the Web
  use RDF links to interlink data from different data
sources
RDF data can be contained in

  a single file (RDF/XML) or
  embedded in an existing file with RDFa
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Principles
  Resources
all items of interest are called resources
  Resource Identifiers
Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) are used, use of
HTTP URIs is strongly suggested
  Representation
of an information resource is a stream of bytes
(HTML, JPG, RDF, …)
  Dereferencing HTTP URIs
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Content Negotiation
Example:
  http://dbpedia.org/resource/Graz
(URI identifying the non-information resource Graz)
  http://dbpedia.org/data/Graz (information resource with an RDF/
XML representation describing Graz)
  http://dbpedia.org/page/Graz (information resource with an HTML
representation describing Graz)
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Content Negotiation with RDFa
  When RDF is embedded in another representation
(e.g. via RDFa) no content negotiation is needed
  One representation is used for both humans and

machines
(X)HTML
RDF
XHTML+RDFa representation
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RDFa example
Plain (X)HTML:
... All content on this site is licensed under  
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">  
a Creative Commons License </a>.
(X)HTML with RDF embedded:

... All content on this site is licensed under  
<a rel="license“ href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
3.0/">  
a Creative Commons License </a>.
More information on RDFa:

http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-rdfa-primer/
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Choosing URIs
  Resources are named with URI references
  Choose „good“ URIs for your resources
  Cool URIs for the Semantic Web

http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/
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Choosing URIs
  Use HTTP URIs for everything
  Define your URIs in an HTTP namespace under your
control
  Keep implementation details out of your URIs.
Short, mnemonic names are better
  http://dbpedia.org/resource/Graz VS
  http://www.confuseme.com:2020/demos/xyz/cgi-bin/
resources.php?id=Graz
  Try to keep your URIs stable and persistent
Cool URIs don’t change!
  Use some kind of primary key inside your URIs
(e.g. when dealing with books use the ISBN, etc.)
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Which vocabularies to use?
  Reuse terms from well-known vocabularies wherever
possible
  Only define new terms yourself if you can’t find
required terms in existing vocabularies
  List of well-known vocabularies:

http://esw.w3.org/topic/TaskForces/Community
Projects/LinkingOpenData/CommonVocabularies
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Some well-known vocabularies
  Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF), vocabulary for describing
people.
  Dublin Core (DC) defines general metadata attributes.
  Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities (SIOC),
vocabulary for representing online communities.
  Description of a Project (DOAP), vocabulary for describing
projects.
  Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS),
vocabulary for representing taxonomies and loosely
structured knowledge.
  Music Ontology provides terms for describing artists,
albums and tracks.
  Review Vocabulary, vocabulary for representing reviews.
  Creative Commons (CC), vocabulary for describing
license terms.
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More best practices
  You can mix terms from different vocabularies, e.g.
rdfs:label and foaf:depiction
  Use URI references from well-established data

sources, e.g.:
  Geonames
  DBpedia
  MusicBrainz
  RDF Book Mashup
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Defining your own terms
If you need to define own terms use RDFS or OWL.
1. Do not define new vocabularies from scratch

2. Provide for both humans and machines
3. Make term URIs dereferenceable
4. Make use of other people's terms
5. State all important information explicitly
6. Do not create over-constrained, brittle models;
leave some flexibility for growth
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What should the RDF contain?
What triples should go into the RDF representation that
is returned (after a 303 redirect) in response to
dereferencing a URI identifying a non-information
resource?
  Description
  Backlinks
  (Related descriptions)
  Metadata
  Syntax: RDF/XML (+ maybe other serializations)
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Serving linked data
  Things must be identified with dereferenceable HTTP
URIs
  When MIME-type application/rdf+xml is requested, a

data source must return an RDF/XML description of
the identified resource
  Provide RDF links to other resources so that clients

can navigate the Web of Data by following RDF links
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Serving static RDF files
  RDF files generated manually or
  generated by some software
  Configure server for correct MIME types

  When using Apache and server is not yet configured to return the
correct MIME type add to httpd.conf or .htaccess:
AddType application/rdf+xml .rdf
  File size (should be < 1 MB)
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Serving relational databases
  Several tools exist to generate RDF from relational
databases
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Linked Data Publishing Steps
For more information:
  Tutorial „How to Publish Linked Data on the Web”

  By Chris Bizer, Richard Cyganiak, Tom Heath
  http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/
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RDB2RDF
  W3C Incubator Group in 2008 & early 2009 to
examine existing approaches for generating RDF
from relational databases
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/rdb2rdf/
  Survey of Current Approaches for Mapping of Relational

Databases to RDF
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/rdb2rdf/RDB2RDF_SurveyReport.pdf
  Incubator Group Report

http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/rdb2rdf/XGR-rdb2rdf/
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RDB2RDF Working Group
  W3C Working Group started in 2009 to standardize
a language for mapping relational data and relational
database schemas into RDF and OWL, tentatively
called the RDB2RDF Mapping Language, R2RML
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/rdb2rdf/
  First public results to be expected in early 2010
  Participants from industry and academia
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Tools for Publishing Linked Data
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Pubby Linked Data Frontend
  Provides Linked Data from SPARQL endpoint
  data must be available in RDF already
  if not: use a wrapper
  Originally developed for DBpedia
  Richard Cyganiak, Chris Bizer - FU Berlin
  Provides dereferenceable HTTP-URIs
  Simple HTML interface for browsing
  Handles 303 redirects correctly
  Content Negotiation (HTML, RDF/XML, N3)
  Java Web application
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Pubby - Architecture
Text
Text
  SPARQL endpoint must support DESCRIBE queries

  supports multiple datasets (SPARQL endpoints)
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Pubby Setup How-To
  Download and extract from:
http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/pubby/download
  Setup a Servlet Container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty...)
  Use ant to build WAR or copy /webapp folder
  Configure
  config file in WEB-INF/config.n3
  file location can be set by context param. “config-file” in web.xml
  N3 syntax
  General Server section (instance of conf:Configuration)
  conf:webBase - root of URL of web application, e.g. http://localhost/
  sub-section for each dataset
  conf:sparqlEndpoint - SPARQL endpoint URI
  conf:datasetBase - common URI prefix of resources in the dataset
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Wrapping Relational Databases
  D2RQ-Map and D2R-Server (FU Berlin)
  http://sites.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/suhl/bizer/d2r-server/index.html)
  Triplify (Uni Leipzig)
  http://triplify.org)
  OpenLink Virtuoso RDF Views
  http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/wiki/main/Main/
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D2RQ-Map and D2R-Server
  Java
  wraps any ODBC database to RDF
  2 Components
  D2RQ-Map (wrapping component): dumps + virtual
  D2R-Server (adds SPARQL endpoint)
  can be used in Jena applications (Assembler)
  Automatic generation of mapping file (simple)
  shell script: “generate-mapping”
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D2RQ-Map and D2R-Server
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D2R-Server How-To
  Download/Extract
  Generate mapping file automatically first
  generate-mapping -o mapping.n3 -d driver.class.name!
-u db-user -p db-password jdbc:url:..."
  Inspect the generated mapping
  Model your desired target graph
  you should always know what you want...
  also study your source database model
  Adjust the mapping
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Mapping language
  d2rq:Database
  d2rq:ClassMap
  d2rq:PropertyBridge
  Rather expressive
  Joins
  Conditions
  Value-translations
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Example Mapping
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Wrapping Spreadsheets
  Excel2RDF, RDF123, TopBraid Composer
  XLWrap (A. Langegger)
  http://xlwrap.sourceforge.net/
  supports cross tables, repetitive patterns in spreadsheets
  arbitrary target graphs
  powerful expressions (extensible, user-defined functions)
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XLWrap Example
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Example Template Graph
§  [ xl:uri "'http://example.org/revenue_' &!
§  URLENCODE(SHEETNAME(A1) & '_' & B2 & '_' &!
§  A4)"^^xl:Expr ] a ex:Revenue ;!
§  ex:country "DBP_LOCALITY(SHEETNAME(A1))"^^xl:Expr ;!
§  ex:year "DBP_YEAR(B2)"^^xl:Expr ;!
§  ex:product "A4"^^xl:Expr ;!
§  ex:itemsSold "B4"^^xl:Expr ;!
Text
§  ex:revenue "C4"^^xl:Expr .!
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Agenda

Media Collections
  Linking Data
Existing Relevant
Linked Data Sets
What is out there?
The Linked Data Cloud
(a success story, 2007-2009)
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Some numbers
Data Set # of RDF Triples
ACM RKB > 12,000,000
AudioScrobbler > 600,000,000
BBC Music + Programmes > 20,000,000
Bio2RDF > 2,000,000,000
data.gov > 5,000,000,000
DBpedia > 470,000,000
Freebase > 100,000,000
Geonames > 90,000,000
Linked Geo Data > 3,000,000,000
MusicBrainz > 60,000,000
RDF Book Mashup > 100,000,000
US Census Data > 1,000,000,000
Source: http://esw.w3.org/topic/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/DataSets/Statistics
DBpedia: the Linked Data Hub
  DBpedia [Auer07] is a Linked Data representation of
Wikipedia content.
  (Semi-)structured data are extracted (mostly from
infoboxes) and are published as RDF.
  DBpedia 3.4 (Nov. 2009) describes 2.9 million things,
including persons, places, organizations, ...
  Each thing has an URI; most of them have a label
and an abstract, in up to 91 languages.
  DBpedia provides > 8 millions links to other data sets
(web pages and RDF), and 75,000 YAGO
categories.
DBpedia Vocabularies
  DBpedia uses its own set of terms, which are

derived from the naming in Wikipedia Infoboxes.
  Additionally used: RDF standard terms, FOAF.
  The importance of DBpedia lies not primarily in the

data it provides, but in the names (i.e., HTTP
URIs) it provides.
BBC Linked Data
  BBC is continually increasing their Linked Data
services.
  BBC Programmes publishes all broadcast
programmes and provides URIs for them.
  BBC Music provides data about music artists and
links to DBpedia and MusicBrainz.
  BBC uses Linked Data technology to link their
internal, heterogeneous data sets [Kobi09].
  Used vocabularies: RDF(S), FOAF, DC, Music
Ontology, ...
DBtune
  DBtune [Rai08] is a collection of music-related
Linked Data sets, amongst others:
  Jamendo (creative commons music site)
  MusicBrainz (community music metadata)
  AudioScrobbler (last.fm playcounts)
  MySpace
  URIs for entities can be retrieved by lookup services
or through links to DBpedia and other data sets.
  Used vocabularies: RDF(S), FOAF, DC, Music
Ontology, ...
Linked Movie Data Base
  LMDB [Hass09] is an RDF representation of parts of
the data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb).
  Data about ~40,000 films, ~30,000 actors, ~8,000
directors, etc.
  Links to
  DBpedia
  YAGO
  flickr
  RDF book mashup
  MusicBrainz
  Geonames
  Vocabularies: RDF(S), FOAF, Movie Ontology,
SKOS, DC
There is more ...
  flickr wrapper: generates links to flickr pictures on
demand, represents them as RDF
  Geonames: information about places (cities,
countries)
  Linked Geo Data: RDF representation of
OpenStreetMap (geo data)
  revyu.com: provides reviews for any kind of entities
(including movies and music)
  New York Times: >5.000 concepts from their archive
  and many more ...
  Data is out there ... use it!

References & Credits
  The Linked Data Cloud is maintained by Richard
Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.
  [Auer07] S. Auer et al., DBpedia: A Nucleus for a
Web of Open Data, Proc. ISWC 2007
  [Kobi09] G. Kobilarov et al., Media Meets Semantic
Web – How the BBC Uses DBpedia and Linked Data
to Make Connections, Proc. ESWC 2009
  [Rai08] Y. Raimond et al., A Web of Musical
Information, Proc. ISMIR 2008
  [Hass09] O. Hassanzadeh et al., Linked Movie Data
Base, Proc. LDOW 2009
Part 1: Linked Open Data: Vision, Concepts and Technologies
Linking Data

Linking Data
  RDF links enable Linked Data browsers and crawlers
to navigate between data sources and to discover
additional data.
  Properties used to link data depend on the

application domain, e.g.
:person1 foaf:knows :person2
  Use owl:sameAs for URI aliases when two URIs refer

to the same thing
Linking Data
Example: Equivalent URIs for
http://data.linkedmdb.org/resource/film/2014
owl:sameAs
1.http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Shining_(film)
2.http://data.linkedmdb.org/resource/film/2014
3.
http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/guid.
9202a8c04000641f800000000046c3da
  Linking can be de done

  manually
  automatically
Setting RDF links manually
  Usually only done in very small datasets like
personal FOAF profiles (e.g. stating who you know
by setting foaf:knows links)
  Look up URI for the resource that you want to link to

  uriqr.com
  sindice.com
  (SPARQL) queries to existing datasets
  Use the URI identifying the resource,

  http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Shining_(film)
not the URI for the document about it
  http://dbpedia.org/page/The_Shining_(film)
Auto-generating RDF links
  Manual approach not feasible for larger datasets
  Record linkage well-known problem in the DB world
  Specialised pattern-based algorithms for individual

problems
  Use of unique identifiers (e.g. ISBN for books, ISIN for financial
securites, ISO-3166 country codes, etc.)
  Example:
  http://dbpedia.org/resource/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince
has a property dbpprop:isbn 747581088
  owl:sameAs link can be easily generated to
http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/0747581088
Tools for data interlinking
  Input: 2 (or more) datasets + linkage specification
  Output: links between the datasets
Domain-independent tools:
  SILK
  ODD-Linker
  RDF-AI
  Knofuss
Domain-specific tools:
  LD-Mapper (Music Ontology)
  RKB co-reference resolution system (publications)
Overview
RKB CRS LD-Mapper ODD RDF-AI Silk Knofuss
Ontologies multi multi single single single multi
Automation semi automatic semi semi semi semi

dataset structure links spec.
alignment alignment merged
User input ad-hoc program none link spec. query method method ontology
Silk-LSL
Input format Java Prolog LinQL XML (XML) OWL
Matching string, similarity string, adaptive
techniques string propagation string, Wordnet string string learning
Onto. alignment no no no no no yes, as input

alignment alignment
owl:sameAs format, merged format, merged
Output owl:sameAs linkset linkset dataset linkset dataset
Data access API local copy ODBC local copy SPARQL local copy
Domain publications Music Ontology independent independent independent independent
Overview generated by François Scharffe and Jérôme Euzenat

http://melinda.inrialpes.fr
Specification formats
datasets resources links matching
SPARQL endpoint, resources to interlink, link condition (for string matching,
Silk-LSL graphs name resources type each resource) matchers combination
string matching (for
Knowfuss local copy (SPARQL query) fusion method each resource)
RDF-AI local copy resource descriptions link description fuzzy string, wordnet
LD-Mapper local copy resource query link description string matching

synonym, hyponym,
resource description weightedJaccard,
ODD-linker local copy (table.column) link description, token intersect
Overview generated by François Scharffe and Jérôme Euzenat

http://melinda.inrialpes.fr
SILK
  Silk - A Linking Framework for the Web of Data
  http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/silk/
  Silk Link Specification Language
  User specifies the type of resources to be linked and

the comparison technique to be used
  Silk uses many string comparison techniques,

numerical and date similarity measures, concept
distances in a taxonomy
SILK
  Input: 2 datasets behind SPARQL endpoint + LSL
specification
  Output: linkset with owl:sameAs (or other user

specified property) links between resources
  Silk LSL example on next slide
<Interlink id="cities">
<LinkType>owl:sameAs</LinkType>
<SourceDataset dataSource="dbpedia" var="a">
<RestrictTo>
?a rdf:type dbpedia:City
</RestrictTo>
</SourceDataset>
<TargetDataset dataSource="geonames" var="b">
<RestrictTo>
?b rdf:type gn:P
</RestrictTo>
</TargetDataset>
<LinkCondition>
<AVG>
<Compare metric="jaroSimilarity">
<Param name="str1" path="?a/rdfs:label" />
<Param name="str2" path="?b/gn:name" />
</Compare>
<Compare metric="numSimilarity">
<Param name="num1" path="?city1/dbpedia:populationTotal" />
<Param name="num2" path="?city2/gn:population" />
<Compare>
</AVG>
</LinkCondition>
<Thresholds accept="0.9" verify="0.7" />
<Output acceptedLinks="accepted_links.n3"
verifyLinks="verify_links.n3"
mode="truncate" />
</Interlink>
Part 1: Linked Open Data: Vision, Concepts, and Technologies:
Consuming Linked Data

Agenda
  URI Discovery
  Data Discovery
  Data Set Discovery
  Tools and Libraries to Access and Consume Linked

Data
  Mashups and Browsers
  Programmatic Access to Linked Data
URI Discovery
1.  Querying specific data sources,
e.g., http://lookup.dbpedia.org
2.  Using dedicated search engines,
e.g.,
  Falcons
http://iws.seu.edu.cn/services/falcons/
  Sindice
http://sindice.com
  SWSE
http://www.swse.org
  Watson
http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk
Example Search Engine:
Falcons
(1) Entry of keywords
(2) Results of objects
(3) Class hierarchy to refine search
Try yourself: http://iws.seu.edu.cn/services/falcons/

Data Discovery
1.  Manual link traveral (i.e. follow rdfs:seeAlso or
owl:sameAs links)
2.  Use of co-reference services, e.g. http://sameas.org
3.  Use of Uri-based query engines, e.g.
http://sindice.org
Sameas.org
Sindice.org
Data Set Discovery
1.  Manually, i.e., by browsing and selecting a data set
from http://esw.w3.org/topic/SparqlEndpoints
2.  (Semi-) automatically, i.e., by exploiting VoiD, the
Vocabulary of interlinked Datasets
Describing Datasets
  The problem:
  Only human comprehensible descriptions of datasets available
  Automation of tasks impossible such as
  Efficient & effective search
  Selection of datasets (for apps, interlinking targets)
  Generation of maps, etc.
  Solution: voiD, the “Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets”

provides a formal description of
  What a dataset is about (topic, technical details).
  How and under which conditions to access it.
  How the dataset is interlinked with other datasets.
  Qualitative level: type of interlinking.
  Quantitative level: number of links, resources, etc.
  How to discover the metadata.
cf. K. Alexander, R. Cyganiak, M. Hausenblas, and J. Zhao "Describing Linked Datasets" Proceedings of LDOW 2009, 2009.
VoiD – Core concepts
  A dataset is a set of RDF triples that are published, maintained or
aggregated by a single provider.
  A dataset is authoritative with respect to a certain URI namespace
if it contains information about resources named by URIs in this
namespace, and is published by the URI owner.
  A linkset LS is a set of RDF triples where for all triples ti=
⟨si,pi,oi⟩ ∈ LS, the subject is in one dataset, i.e. all si are
described in DS1 , and the object is in another dataset, i.e. all oi are
described in DS2 .
voiD Vocabulary
voiD Usage Example
Tools and Applications to
Consume Linked Data
  Linked Data browsers
  To explore things and datasets and to navigate between them.
  Tabulator Browser (MIT, USA), Marbles (FU Berlin, DE), OpenLink RDF
Browser (OpenLink, UK), Zitgist Dataviewr (Zitgist, USA), Disco
Hyperdata Browser (FU Berlin, DE), Fenfire (DERI, Ireland)
  Linked Data mashups
  Sites that mash up (thus combine Linked data)
  Revyu.com (KMI, UK), DBtune Slashfacet (Queen Mary, UK), DBPedia
Mobile (FU Berlin, DE), Semantic Web Pipes (DERI, Ireland)
  Search engines
  To search for Linked Data.
  Falcons (IWS, China), Sindice (DERI, Ireland), MicroSearch (Yahoo,
Spain), Watson (Open University, UK), SWSE (DERI, Ireland), Swoogle
(UMBC, USA)
Listing on this slide by T. Heath, M. Hausenblas, C. Bizer, R. Cyganiak, O. Hartig
Example Linked Data Browser:
Marbles
  Server-based Linked Data browser.
  Formats RDF for XHTML using Fresnel.
  Unique feature: Indicates the origin of displayed data
using colored dots.
  Support for different views:
  Full view: all available data is displayed.
  Summary view: returns a short textual summary about a resource.
  Photo view: provides a photo for a given resource.
  Retrieves data from multiple sources by (a) issuing
parallel queries to multiple Linked Data search
engines and (b) by following owl:sameAs and
rdfs:seeAlso links.
Marbles (2) (1) Entry of query URL
(2) Data display
Try yourself: http://

marbles.sourceforge.net/
(3) Sources
gFacet
cf. Heim, P., Ziegler, J., and Lohmann, S. "gFacet: A Browser for the Web of Data" In
Proceedings of IMC-SSW 2008, 2008. Try yourself: http://gFacet.org
Example Mashup: Revyu.com
Picture from revyu.com

Try yourself: http://revyu.com
Example Mashup: DBPedia
Mobile
Pictures from DBPedia Mobile
Try yourself: http://wiki.dbpedia.org/DBpediaMobile

Libraries to Programmatically
Access the Web of Data
  SPARQL JavaScript Library,
http://www.thefigtrees.net/lee/blog/2006/04/
sparql_calendar_demo_a_sparql.html
  ARC for PHP, http://arc.semsol.org/
  RAP – RDF API for PHP
http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/rdfapi/index.html
  SPARQL Wrapper (Python),
http://sparql-wrapper.sourceforge.net/
  PySPARQL (Python), http://code.google.com/p/pysparql/
  DARQ (Distributed ARQ), http://darq.sourceforge.net/
  Semantic Web Client library (SWClLib) for Java,
http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/ng4j/semwebclient/
Listing on this slide by O. Hartig, J. Sequeda
What’ll come next
  Part 2: Linked Multimedia

Web of Data Tutorial - Part 1

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Web of Data in the Context of Multimedia

Part 1: Linked Open Data: Vision, Concepts and Technologies

Bernhard Haslhofer, Bernhard Schandl, Andreas Langegger,

 Producing Linked Data  Multimedia Annotations

 Existing Data Sets  Enriching Personal

 Consuming Linked Data

Genre: Horror/Thriller Release Date: 23 May

Title: The Shining Distributors: Warner Bros. Pictures Distribution

Running Time: 146 min (original), 144 min (cut),

 Difficult to access these data by applications, unless

 Metadata about (multimedia) resources are still

 Why not apply the same mechanism to the

 The Web of Data vision is to use the Web to provide

 Use URIs as names for things

 Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those

 When someone looks up a URI, provide useful

 Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover

 Linked Data: best practices for exposing, sharing,

 Linking Open Data: a W3C community project with

 Producing Linked Data  Multimedia Annotations

 Existing Data Sets  Enriching Personal

 Consuming Linked Data

RDF data can be contained in

 Dereferencing HTTP URIs

 One representation is used for both humans and

(X)HTML with RDF embedded:

More information on RDFa:

 Choose „good“ URIs for your resources

 Cool URIs for the Semantic Web

 List of well-known vocabularies:

 Use URI references from well-established data

1. Do not define new vocabularies from scratch

 When MIME-type application/rdf+xml is requested, a

 Provide RDF links to other resources so that clients

 Configure server for correct MIME types

 Tutorial „How to Publish Linked Data on the Web”

 Survey of Current Approaches for Mapping of Relational

 Incubator Group Report

 First public results to be expected in early 2010

 Participants from industry and academia

 SPARQL endpoint must support DESCRIBE queries

 Producing Linked Data  Multimedia Annotations

 Existing Data Sets  Enriching Personal

 Consuming Linked Data

What is out there?

 DBpedia uses its own set of terms, which are

 Additionally used: RDF standard terms, FOAF.

 The importance of DBpedia lies not primarily in the

 Data is out there ... use it!

Bernhard Haslhofer, Bernhard Schandl, Andreas Langegger,

 Properties used to link data depend on the

 Use owl:sameAs for URI aliases when two URIs refer

 Linking can be de done

 Look up URI for the resource that you want to link to

 Use the URI identifying the resource,

 Record linkage well-known problem in the DB world

 Specialised pattern-based algorithms for individual

Ontologies multi multi single single single multi

Automation semi automatic semi semi semi semi

Onto. alignment no no no no no yes, as input

Domain publications Music Ontology independent independent independent independent

Overview generated by François Scharffe and Jérôme Euzenat

LD-Mapper local copy resource query link description string matching

  Producing Linked Data   Multimedia Annotations

  Existing Data Sets   Enriching Personal

  Consuming Linked Data

  Difficult to access these data by applications, unless

  Metadata about (multimedia) resources are still

  Why not apply the same mechanism to the

  The Web of Data vision is to use the Web to provide

  Use URIs as names for things

  Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those

  When someone looks up a URI, provide useful

  Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover

  Linked Data: best practices for exposing, sharing,

  Linking Open Data: a W3C community project with

  Producing Linked Data   Multimedia Annotations

  Existing Data Sets   Enriching Personal

  Consuming Linked Data

  Dereferencing HTTP URIs

  One representation is used for both humans and

  Choose „good“ URIs for your resources

  Cool URIs for the Semantic Web

  List of well-known vocabularies:

  Use URI references from well-established data

1. Do not define new vocabularies from scratch

  When MIME-type application/rdf+xml is requested, a

  Provide RDF links to other resources so that clients

  Configure server for correct MIME types

  Tutorial „How to Publish Linked Data on the Web”

  Survey of Current Approaches for Mapping of Relational

  Incubator Group Report

  First public results to be expected in early 2010

  Participants from industry and academia

  SPARQL endpoint must support DESCRIBE queries

  Producing Linked Data   Multimedia Annotations

  Existing Data Sets   Enriching Personal

  Consuming Linked Data

  DBpedia uses its own set of terms, which are

  Additionally used: RDF standard terms, FOAF.

  The importance of DBpedia lies not primarily in the

  Data is out there ... use it!

  Properties used to link data depend on the

  Use owl:sameAs for URI aliases when two URIs refer

  Linking can be de done

  Look up URI for the resource that you want to link to

  Use the URI identifying the resource,

  Record linkage well-known problem in the DB world

  Specialised pattern-based algorithms for individual

  Silk Link Specification Language

  User specifies the type of resources to be linked and

  Silk uses many string comparison techniques,

  Output: linkset with owl:sameAs (or other user

  Silk LSL example on next slide

  Tools and Libraries to Access and Consume Linked

  Solution: voiD, the “Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets”