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    16 views5 pages

    Paper - Niobium Alloying Effect in High Carbon Equivalent Grey Cast Iron

    Uploaded by

    Airton Flores
    Niobio

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    mums CHINA FOUNDRY 36 Niobium alloying effect in high carbon equivalent grey cast iron ‘Zhou Wenbin", Zhu Hongbo', Zheng Dengke’, Zheng Hongxing", Hua Qin' and *Zhai Qijie" (2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy Materials Processing, Shanghai Universi, Shanghai 200072, Cina: 2. Shanghai Hichong Automotive Manufacturing Co, Lid, Shenghei 200072, China; 3. Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghei 200072, China) Abstract: The effect of niobium on the formation of NBC phase and solidification structure in high carbon equivalent grey cast iton was investigated. The experimental results indicated that an increase in the niobium content is favorable to refining the graphite and eutectic cell, and the pearite lamellar spacing is reduced. Based on the thermodynamic calculation the formation of NBC is prior to the eutectic reaction. The reduction in the peariite lamellar spacing is mainly attributed to the decrease of eutectic temperature with the addition of niobium, Additionally, Vol.8 No.1 properties including hardness and wear resistance were improved after the addition of niobium. Key words: niobium alloying; grey cast iron; high carbon equivalent; refinement CLC number: T6143.2 the demand on auto brake discs is becoming enormous with the increase of ear speed, load and limitation of braking length. It is inevitable that this will cause a rapid increase in temperature of brake dise and lead to a possible braking failure due to high fri "21 The main reasons for the failure result from abrasive wear and contact fatigue wear. The decrease of hardness and the fatigue resistance ‘would aggravate the abrasion of the brake dises. Therefore it is necessary to ensure the properties of brake discs in terms of strength and hardness, heat storage and thermal conductivity, resistance to hot fatigue and vibration damping *, Cast iron hhas been widely used to fabricate brake dises witha high earbon equivalent (CE), because: (1) the specific heat of graphite is almost twice as high as that of east iron, therefore the capacity of heat storage is enhanced greatly; (2) the soft graphite absorbs vibration energy and demonstrates an excellent vibration damping; (3) the notch sensitivity of east iron is ower than steel ", The properties of grey east iron heavily the graphite morphology and volume fraction Hecht ® found that the thermal conductivity is related to the carbon equivalent in cast iron materials; and fake-like ‘graphite is favorable to improve the thermal conductivity Currently, the carbon equivalent of grey cast iron used in depend of "Zhai Qijie Male, bom in 1959, Professor and doctoral supenisr. He gaines his Ph trom University of Science and Tecnology Beling in 1981 His research interests mainly focus on metal solidification, new continous casting technology, cast alloys and materals, ec. By now, his more than 220 academic papers have been published in journals demestic and abroad. He also holds 22 invention patents of Cina Ema qzhai@shu.edu.en Received: 2009.09.09; Accepted: 2010-08-30 Document code: A Article ID: 1672-6421(2011)01-036-05 brake dises usually ranges from 3.8% to 4.6%, eg. the PQ3S brake dises used in the Touran and Sagitar models contains about 3.8%-3.9% CE (hypocutectic east iron) and the brake dises used in the UK Rover sedan contains around 4.4% 4.5% CE (hypereutectic east iron). However, although itis necessary to ensure a high thermal conductivity ", excess graphite would cause a decrease of the ‘mechanical properties. Under this condition, alloying with some trace elements was considered to be a probably effective remedy. Some work on niobium alloyed east irons has been performed in recent decades ineluding the effect of niobium fon the phase transformation temperature, miero-hardness, ‘aphite morphology and NbC particle sedimentation °. In this paper. the effect of niobium on the formation of NbC and solidification structure in high carbon equivalent grey east iron materials was studied in order to provide more information for the production of brake dises, 1 Materials and experimental procedure ‘The initial charge materials were clean low-silicon pig iron and steel serap. Fe-65%Nb alloy was added to the fu in order to dissolve fully. Chemical and spectral analyses were performed to confirm the designed composition. ‘The composition of materials prepared was (mass%): C 3.82, Si 2.05, Mn 0.73, Cr 0.18, P 0.08, The niobium content ‘was (mass%) 0.042, 0.29, 0.85 and 1.48, respectively. The alloy materials were melted at 1,773 K in an 20 kg-capacity medium-frequency induction furnace and then poured {nto green sand mould at 1,693 K. An optical mieroscope (AXB) and a scanning electron microscope (JSM-6700F) February 2011 with energy dispersive spectrometry, were used to observe the microstructures. The abrasive wear resistance test was performed by measuring the mass loss percentage after dry grinding for 1 h under 5 kg load. The brinell hardness test was also carried out to evaluate the effect of niobium, 2 Results and discussion 2.4 Formation of NbC phase When 0.29% niobium was added, a few blocky niobium-rich phases can be observed with a size about 3 ym, as shown in Research & Development (ama Fig. 1(@). When the niobium content was raised to 0.85% or 1.48%, alot of niobiumerich phases with various morphologies formed including blocky, triangular, X or Y shaped [Fig.1(b)|, and especially some pearlite-like structure [highlighted by the white dashed line in Fig.1(b)], which probably formed during the pearlte transformation. Such research results are {in agreement with previous research '!. Some blocky primary niiobium-rich phases also an be found in Figs. 2(e) and (d) (highlighted by the white arrows). The niobium-rich phases Thighlighted by the white arrows in Fig. 1(b)] represent NDC as suggested by EDS/SEM results (not shown here). Fig. 1: NBC phase in grey cast Iron: (a) 0.29%Nb and (b) 1.48%Nb Generally niobium is a strong carbide-forming element"! IND] + IC] = NOC Its standard Gibbs free energy of formation can be calculated as described by AGS = AG +8 expressed "as: MG ye = AG +Rthn Y, ic

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