PUNCTUATION

Punctuation is a system of symbols used to give structure to a text. It

clarify the meanings of texts,
is a set of marks used to regulate and
primarily by separating or connecting words, phrases, and clauses. It
guides the reader on how the text should be read.

01 Period
It signifies the end of a sentence or a full stop. When a
statement ends with a word or group of words
surrounded by quotation marks, the period is inserted
between the quotation marks. It is used in
abbreviations and placed after numerals and letters in
outlines and lists.
I. Introduction
I need you now today. A. Background of the study
Studies about waste
"Don't bother liking me." segregation in schools
Mr./Mrs./Ms. worldwide
Studies about waste
segregation in local schools
Studies about waste
segregation in local
elementary schools

Question Mark
02 A question mark is a punctuation mark that
indicates that a sentence is a question. It is also
known as an interrogation point or
interrogation mark. A question mark is shaped
like a hooked line with a dot underneath it.
Who are you?
"Can I borrow it?" she asked.
Sometimes, I asked myself, Am I happy?

03 Exclamation Point
Exclamation points, also known as
exclamation marks, are punctuation marks
used in exclamations or strong commands.
It has the appearance of a vertical line with
a dot at the bottom (!). It ends a sentence
that expresses strong emotion or an
interjection or it replaces the question mark
in interrogative sentences to express strong
emotion.

Gosh! Jay is so handsome.

What do you think you're doing!

04 Apostrophe
It is used to mark possessions and to
mark contractions. An apostrophe (') looks
like a slanted mark or a dot with a tail. It
has the same appearance as a comma but
is placed at the top of a line of text or
writing rather than the bottom.

Allexie's bag is a designer bag.

The Smiths' boat was design by Jordi.
doesn't- does not

05 Comma A comma is a punctuation mark that represents a

brief pause and is used to divide sentences into
parts. A comma looks like a dot with a tail (,) and
is usually placed at the end of a line of text or
writing. Commas are used to separate words or
phrases in a list or series.

Finally, I managed to gather enough red,

green, and yellow paint to finish my art
project, which is due tomorrow.

06 Colon A colon is a punctuation mark that

divides a sentence. The colon looks like
two vertical dots (:). The colon can be used
to introduce a list, an explanation, a
quote, or to connect two related
sentences.

Jeannel owns two cats and one dog,

namely: Farah, Dading, and Saver.
My favorite quote: "There is nothing
impossible with God."
I stopped to consider an important
question: Am I stupid?

07 SemicolonA semicolon (;) is a period atop a comma. Like

commas, semicolons indicate an audible pause—
slightly longer than a comma's, but short of a
period's full stop.

When I finish here, and I will soon, I'll be glad

to help you; and that is a promise I will keep.
Dante Martinez, a registered nurse; Susan
Brooks, a dietician; and Chien-Ling Ko, a
physical therapist, attended the meeting.

08 Hyphen
Hyphen is used in compound numbers,
written fractions, after a prefix followed
by a proper noun or adjective, connect
two or more nouns that are used as one
word, connect compound modifier that
comes before a noun, and when a
number forms part of adjectival
compound .

twenty-one to ninety-nine
one-half acres
pre-historic era
sister-in-law
self-determined child
35-hour working week

09 Em-dash An em-dash, or long dash, is used: in pairs, to

mark off information or ideas that are not
essential to an understanding of the rest of the
sentence or to show other kinds of break in a
sentence where a comma, semicolon, or colon
would be traditionally used.

My girl—where has she gone?—would like to

meet my parents.
One thing’s for sure—she's the killer.

10 En-dash The en dash (–) is longer than a hyphen

but shorter than an em dash. It is called n
dash because in some traditional fonts, it
is as wide as the letter “n.” An en-dash is
generally used in two situations. First, it
may be used to indicate a range—of
numbers, of distances, or of times—
between two terms. Second, n-dash
replaces a hyphen if one of the terms
connected by the dash contains more
than one word. Let’s look at these two
cases in more detail.

Lunch: 11 a.m.–1 p.m.

It was a state university–private
school rivalry.

JEANNEL JOY MARIE S. SARMIENTO

STEM-HENDERSON