9.7 Natural logarithmic functions and integration In this section, we examine straightforward cases of integrals involving logarithmic expressions in the antiderivative or the integrand. We begin with (i) J Bx = loge x +k which further elaboration is not required. We also know that (ii) f Box = mlog, x-+ k = log. x” +k So for example, = Glogex +k m= loge x? + k 9.7 Natural logarithmic functions and integration For a rational function in which the numerator is the derivative of ‘the denominator, the integral is the logarithm of the denominator: (it) J Gee = tn F(x) + So, for example SS di = logg(x? — 22? + 4x) +k 9.7 Natural logarithmic functions and integration Now we consider the indefinite integral of the natural logarithmic function fete treet er = x(logex 1) + 51-52/59 ‘We shall not prove the above, but can be verified east, Starting from the function x loge xk aS x1 + (loggx) 140 = loge x Scanned with CamScannerSTP rereeee ree 9.7 Natural logarithmic functions and integration Now we consider the indefinite integral of the natural logarithmic function ww) [taxa = x logex—x+k = x(logex—1) +k ‘We shall not prove the above, but can be verified easily as follows- Starting from the function y = xlogx-xtk if %- x2 +(loggx)l-1+0 = log, x [Use product rule for the (x log, x —x) part] which confirms the result 9.7 Natural logarithmic functions and integration ‘An extended form of the above: w text Sere: = ax (logex —1) +k For example, Inx?dx = 7x(Inx— 1) +k Note that, a “) xInx In(in x) + which can be verified using the chain rule of the derivative i.e. 9.7 Natural logarithmic functions and integration y= In(inx) dy __ d{in(inx he de _ 2 dlin(x)] ins) de ceils inks) x For example, using (vl) Scanned with CamScanner9.7 Natural logarithmic functions and integration Some Sabie itpedss SFB ane ncseden de [iene yof He see 7 = flgeton™ al orm) ca FI es fogs 385° 9.7 Natural logarithmic functions and integration Fi considers or das =3 rene loge 2 ke q re. 1" =f ded Needy Aa (oge5-) = 28 layvs =!) ee Exercises 9.7 Do problems from the following exercises. Exercises 9.7 1 Find te lowing indefinite integrals: to [Paw Scanned with CamScannerSeas oo) de és as NL 9.3 Integration of natural exponential functions If y = eS), then the first derivative of y is: o_O) dx . dx = g (xyes) It follows that if Eg (x)eFlae = eC) +k So, for example, [redone +k 25-26/59 9.3 Integration of natural exponential functions and [or bax + Q)eHE Ky = QOH | 5 Consider the definite integrals involving exponential functions, for example a joe 9.3 Integration of natural exponential functions Further, example (page 362 FM Wilkes) exes Scanned with CamScanner‘Seana camscamer Ano to Ba Qu. Nos eee in or | flnyeaty | Sub) at fo x+y 27 VITHG Lagrangian finctin be x79 4j€-x-4) Te first @ onder tonditios av - Lx > axty-j 20 p3ryes$-..© Scanned with CamScannerTe optimum valu ef tu ob jz hve Ran ktm, Se y= GIP NX 125 = 65-92 Now, by = oxy =6xX 3-75X 1-25 a@ =. 28-25 tye ; xy = 17> 3x G7Sy e297 Scanned with CamScannerPa optimum objective Ruckin, Ler) 28y = GPX 125 = 65-92 Now, bay = Gry = 6x 375X125 co = 28-125 bye : tay = x7 > 3x G.78y = YD 97S ede Ber Bys “whine g 2 Say J. S2eend onder suFti cde condtion- E = Lax By> lay 9x 9y thy an” = 2BIEX CO -2% 42-18 765% 1x (I felons 75x (Ox CY 2-56-25 <0 fay = 6992 1% const rained mmanimum 8 x= 375 and ys h27 Scanned with CamScanner