Text 1

            The human body is like a machine. It needs fuel to do work. Nutrients are fuel for the
body. They are chemical substances in foods that the body needs for growth and energy. The
body uses nutrients to carry out life processes. There are five kinds of nutrients–
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Some food is rich in one nutrient. Most
food contain many nutrients.
            A balanced diet is especially important to athletes. Athletic activities are hard work.
An athlete’s body burns fuel rapidly. It requires a greater supply of fuel than does a person
who is not an athlete. Eating health foods increases an athlete’s power and endurance.
Healthy eating helps an athlete manage weight and protect him from injuries.
            Most nutrition experts say that an athlete’s diet should be high in carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are nutrients that supply the body with energy. They also help build muscle.
Starches such as bread and pasta are carbohydrates. They fuel the body with energy over a
long period of time. Sixty to 70 percent of the food an athlete eats should be high in
carbohydrates.
            Water is also important to athletes. More than two-thirds of the human body is made
up of water. People lose some of that liquid when they sweat. Athletes must replace the lost
fluid. Drinking a liter of water before each competition helps maintain the necessary water
balance.
            Regardless of the sport, every athlete should eat a meal three or four hours before
competing. Fueling the body on carbohydrates, such as cereal, bread, and pasta, is important.
The meal should include fruits and vegetable too. They supply the body with important
minerals and add carbohydrates.
            Athletes should avoid sugary foods, such as candy and soft drinks. Although they can
give a quick energy “boost” these foods also cause a subsequent energy “drop”. Most
importantly, an athlete should drink two or three cups of caffeine-free fluids. A balance pre-
game meal helps an athlete reach peak performance.

1.      Why do athletes need greater supply of nutrients than non-athletes?

A.     An athlete’s body burns food more easily to yield energy.
B.     The food provided for athletes is high in carbohydrates.
C.     An athlete always eats a lot healthier food.
D.     The body should be fueled for a long period of time.
E.      An athlete has to control his/her weight.

2.      The main information of the text is about?

A.     Nutrients needed to fuel human body
B.     How life processes are carried out
C.     A balanced diet for athlete
D.     Types of foods which are rich in nutrients
E.      Nutritious food consumed by athlete

3.      The following are the functions of nutrients for the human body except ___
A.     To give energy
B.     To ensure endurance
C.     To defend against injuries
D.     To produce chemical substances
E.      To prevent dehydration

4.      Which is NOT included in the ‘pre-game diet’ for athlete?

A.     Minerals
B.     Hamburger
C.     Juices
D.     Oatmeal
E.     Soft drinks

5.      Athletes should avoid sugary foods in order that __

A.     Their energy does not suddenly increase
B.     Their energy does not drop after an energy boost
C.     They can maintain the liquid they have consumed
D.     The carbohydrates they consume do not decrease
E.      They can keep boosting their energy

Text 2

Marie Curie was a Polish-born French scientist who, with her husband, Pierre Curie
(1859-1906) was an early investigator of radioactivity. From 1896, the Curies worked
together, building on the results of Henri Becquerel who had discovered radioactivity from
uranium salts. Marie Curie discovered that thorium also emits radiation and found that the
mineral pitchblende was even more radioactive than could be accounted for by any uranium
and thorium content. The Curies then carried out an exhaustive search and in July 1898
announced the discovery of polonium, followed in December of that year with the discovery
of radium. They shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for physics with Becquerel for the discovery of
radioactivity. The Curies did not participate in Becquerel’s discovery but investigated
radioactivity and gave the phenomenon its name. Marie Curie went on to study the chemistry
and medical applications of radium, and was awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize for chemistry in
recognition of her work in isolating the pure metal.
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Marie Curie helped to equip ambulances
with X-ray equipment and drove the ambulances to the front lines. The International Red
Cross made her head of its Radiological Service. She taught medical orderlies and doctors
how to use the new technique. By the late 1920s, her health began to deteriorate: continued
exposure to high energy radiation had given her leukemia. She entered a sanatorium and died
on July 4, 1934.Throughout much of her life, Curie was poor and the painstaking radium
extractions were carried out in primitive conditions. The Curies refused to patent any of their
discoveries, wanting them to benefit everyone freely. They used the Nobel Prize money and
other financial rewards to finance further research. One of the outstanding applications of
their work has been the use of radiation to treat cancer, one form of which cost Marie Curie
her life.

6. Which one is TRUE according to the passage?

. (A)  Marie Curie and her husband discovered radioactivity from uranium salts.
. (B)  Marie Curie got only one Nobel Prize for physics.
. (C)  The Curies had worked together with Becquerel in a research.
. (D)  Marie Curie financed her researches with their patent money.
. (E)  Marie Curie participated in the World Wars.

7. Why didn’t the Curies patent their discoveries?

. (A)  They already had some money from Nobel Prize.
. (B)  They were considered wealthy at that time.
 . (C)  They wanted their research to be used freely.
. (D)  They were already famous.
. (E)  Becquerel had already patented their discoveries.

8. The phrase “the pure metal” (paragraph 1) refers to ...

(A) uranium. (B) radiation. (C) thorium. (D) radium. (E) polonium.

9. From the text we know the following, EXCEPT ...

(A) A research of the Curies was based on a Becquerel’s research.
(B) Marie Curie passed away after Pierre Curie had passed away.
(C) The curies had discovered polonium before radium.
(D) The mineral pitchblende was more radioactive than thorium content.
(E) Nobel Prize only recognized Marie Curie and Becquerel for the discovery of
radioactivity.

10. What is the best title of the passage?

. (A)  How Radioactivity Changed the World.
. (B)  Science and its applications.
. (C)  The Discoveries of Marie Curie.
. (D)  The Competition between Marie Curie and Henri Becquerel.
. (E)  The History of Radioactivity.