Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles (Scapulohumeral)

MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY

Supraspinatus Initiates abduction of arm (1st 10-15 deg)
Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery
Rotator Infraspinatus Main lateral rotator of the arm
cuff Teres Minor Laterally rotates arm Axillary nerve Posterior circumflex artery
Subscapularis Adducts arm; Main medial rortator of arm Upper and lower subscapular nerve Subscapular artery
Deltoid Main abductor of arm (10-100 deg) Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex artery
Teres Major Adducts and medially rotates arm Lower subscapular
Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm; chief flexor and
Pectoralis Major Lateral and medial pectoral nerve
adductor (with latissimus dorsi)
Thoracoacromial artery
Pectoralis Minor Stabilizes scapula; Draws scapula inferiorly; Elevates ribs Medial pectoral nerve

Subclavius Draws clavicle inferiorly and anteriorly Nerve to subclavius

Serratus Anterior Holds scapula to chest wall; Chief protractor of scapula Long thoracic nerve Lateral thoracic artery

Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles (Superficial)

MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Elevates and rotates scapula upward in elevation of arm;
Trapezius Spinal accessory (CN XI) nerve Cervical artery
Chief elevator, retractor, and upward rotator of scapula

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm; Raises body

Latissimus Dorsi Thoracodorsal nerve Thoracodorsal artery
during climbing; main downward rotator of scapula

Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles (Deep)

MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Levator Scapulae Elevates and rotates scapula
Rhomboid Major Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal scapular artery
Adducts scapula
Rhomboid Minor

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 Muscles of Arm
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Supinator of forearm; Short head resists shoulder
Biceps Brachii Brachial artery
dislocation
Radial recurrent, anterior ulnar
Brachialis Flexor of forearm at elbow joint Musculocutaneous nerve recurrent artery(Lansang: brachial
artery)
Flexor of forearm at shoulder joint; Resists shoulder
Coracobrachialis
dislocation
Brachial artery
Triceps Brachii Extensor of forearm at elbow joint; Chief extensor
Radial nerve
Anconeus Extends forearm; Stabilize elbow
Anterior Compartment of the Forearm (Superficial)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexes and adducts hand at wrist Ulnar nerve Ulnar artery
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexes and adducts hand at wrist Radial artery
Pronator Teres Pronates and flexes forearm at elbow Median nerve Anterior ulnar and radial artery
Palmaris Longus Flexes hand and tenses palmar aponeurosis Ulnar artery
Anterior Compartment of the Forearm (Intermediate)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Flexes middle phalanges at IP joints; Flexes proximal
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Median nerve Ulnar and radial artery
phalanges at MP joints
Anterior Compartment of the Forearm (Deep)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Medial: Flexes distal phalanges 4 & 5 at DIP joints Ulnar nerve
Ulnar, radial, and anterior
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
interosseous
Lateral: Flexes distal phalanges 2 & 3 at DIP joints
Median nerve
Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexes thumb
Radial and anterior interosseous
Pronator Quadratus Chief pronator of forearm

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 Posterior Compartment of the Forearm (Superficial)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint; Fist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Radial nerve
clenching
Radial artery
Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint; Fist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Deep branch of radial nerve
clenching
Weakly flexes forearm, strongly when in mid-
Brachioradialis Radial nerve Radial recurrent artery
pronated position
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extends and adducts hand at wrist
Extends medial four digits primarily at MP joints,
Extensor Digitorum Communis
secondarily at IP joints Deep branch of radial nerve Posterior interosseous artery
Extends 5th digit primarily at MP joints, secondarily
Extensor Digiti Minimi
at IP joints
Posterior Compartment of the Forearm (Deep)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Abductor Pollicis Longus Abductor of thumb
Extensor Indicis Proprius Extends 2nd digit
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint; extends
Extensor Pollicis Longus
MP and CM joints Radial nerve Posterior interosseous artery
Extensds proximal phalanx of thumb at MP joint;
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extends CM joint
Supinator Supinates forearm
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Thenar)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Abducts thumb; Helps oppose thumb

Flexes thumb; Adducts thumb towards lateral

Flexor Pollicis Brevis
border of thumb Superficial palmar branch of
Recurrent branch of median nerve
radial artery
Opponens Pollicis Opposes thumb to 5th digit

Adductor Pollicis Adducts thumb towards lateral border of palm

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MUSCLE
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Opposes 5th digit to thumb; Draws 5th metacarpal
Oponens Digiti Minimi
MUSCLE
Lumbricals - 1st and 2nd
Lumbricals - 3rd and 4th
Four Dorsal Interossei
Three Palmar Interossei
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Hypothenar)
ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Abducts 5th digit
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit Deep palmar branch of ulnar
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
artery
anteriorly
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Short Muscles)
ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Median nerve
Flexes MP joints and extends IP joints
Palmar metacarpal artery of
deep palmar arch
Abduct 2nd to 4th digits; Help lumbricals Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits; Help lumbricals
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 Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscles
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Serratus Posterior Superior Elevates the rib; Proprioception 2nd to the 5th intercostal nerves
Posterior intercostal artery
Serratus Posterior Inferior Depresses the rib; Proprioception Last 4 intercostal nerves
Superficial Intrinsic Back Muscles
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Bilaterally: extends head; Unilaterally: laterally
Splenius Capitis Middle cervical nerves
bends (flexes) and rotates face to same side
Bilaterally: extends neck; Unilaterally: laterally Muscular branches of aorta
Splenius Cervicis bends (flexes) and rotates neck toward same Lower cervical nerves
side
Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscles
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Iliocostalis (Lumborum, Thoracic,
Erector Cervicis)
Longissimus (Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis) Chief extensors of the vertebral column Posterior rami of spinal nerve Muscular branches of aorta
Spinae
Spinalis (Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis)
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles (Transverospinales)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Extends head, thoracic, and cervical regions of
Semispinalis (Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis)
vertebral column; rotates them contralaterally
Posterior rami of spinal nerve Muscular branches of aorta
Multifidus Stabilizes spine during local movement
Rotatores (Brevis, Longus) Proprioception
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles (Minor)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Interspinales Aids in extension and rotation of column
Intertransversarii Aid in lateral flexion and stabilization of column
Posterior rami of spinal nerve Muscular branches of aorta
Elevate ribs; Assists with respiration and lateral
Levators Costarum
flexion of column
Suboccipital Muscles
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Ipsilateral rotation of head of atlanto-axial joint
Obliquus Capitis Inferior Suboccipital nerve Vertebral and occipital artery
Extension and lateral flexion of head of atlanto-
Obliquus Capitis Superior
occipital joint

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 Superficial Muscles of the Gluteal Region (Abductors and rotators of thigh)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Superficial branch of superior
Chief extensor of hip joint; Powerful lateral
Gluteus Maximus Inferior gluteal nerve gluteal artery and inferior gluteal
rotator of hip joint
artery
Gluteus Medius
Abductor of the hip joint Deep branch of superior gluteal
Gluteus Minimus Superior gluteal nerve
artery and inferior gluteal artery
Tensor Fascia Latae Abducts and flexes the thigh
Deep Muscles of the Gluteal Region (Abductors and rotators of thigh)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY

Piriformis 1st and 2nd sacral nerve

Lateral rotator of extended hip joint; Abductor of

Obturator Internus Nerve to obturator internus from
flexes hip joint; Stabilize femoral head in hip
Triceps sacral nerve Inferior gluteal artery
coxae Superior Gemmelus
Nerve to quadratus femoris from
Inferior Gemmelus
sacral plexus
Nerve to quadratus femoris from
Quadratus Femoris Strong lateral rotator of the hip joint
sacral plexus

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 Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Flexor and medial rotator of the hip; Postural
Iliopsoas muscle; Resists hyperextension of hip joint;
Chief flexor of thigh
Flexor of hip and knee joint; Weak abduction
Sartorius
and lateral rotation of hip joint Femoral nerve Branches of femoral artery
Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Vastus Medialis
Great extensor of knee joint
femors Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Medial Compartment of the Thigh (Adductors of thigh)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Adductor Longus Adductor of hip joint
Obturator nerve
Adductor Brevis Adductor of hip joint
Adductor part: Flexor of hip joint; Hamstrings Obturator nerve + Tibial division
Adductor Magnus
part: Extensor of hip; Adductor of hip joint of sciatic nerve
Obturator artery
Adductor of the hip joint; Medial rotator of hip
Pectineus Obturator nerve + Femoral nerve
joint; Flexion of thigh
Gracilis Adductor, flexor, and medial rotator of hip
Obturator nerve
Obturator Externus Lateral rotator of thigh
Posterior Compartment of the Thigh (Hip and flexors of knee)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Extensor of the hip joint; Flexor and lateral Long head: Tibial nerve; Short
Biceps Femoris (Long head, Short head)
rotator of knee joint head: Common peroneal nerve Perforating branches of profunda
Semitendinosus Extensor of hip joint; Flexor and medial rotator femoris artery
Tibial nerve
Semimembranosus of knee joint

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 Anterior Compartment of the Leg
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Dorsiflexion of foot; Inverts foot; Main
Tibialis Anterior
dorsiflexor of foot
Extensor Digitorum Longus Dorsiflexion of foot; Extends lateral four digits Deep peroneal nerve Anterior tibial artery
Extensor Hallucis Longus Dorsiflexion of foot; Extends great toe
Peroneus Tertius Dorsiflexion of foot; Eversion of foot
Lateral Compartment of the Leg
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Peroneus Longus
Weakly plantarflexes the foot Superficial peroneal nerve Peroneal artery
Peroneus Brevis
Posterior Compartment of the Leg
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Gastrocnemius (Medial and Lateral Heads) Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
Triceps
surae Soleus Plantarflexes foot
Plantaris Plantarflexes foot
Popliteus "Unlocks knee" in flexion Tibial nerve Posterior tibial artery
Flexes phalanges of 4 lateral toes;
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Deep Plantarflexes foot
group Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexes great toe and plantarflexes foot
Tibialis Posterior Principal invertor of foot; Plantarflexes foot

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 Muscles of the Foot (1st Layer)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Abductor Hallucis Abducts and flexes 1st digit
Flexor Digitorum Medial plantar nerve
Flexes the lateral 4 digits Dorsalis pedis artery and its branches:
Brevis
medial and lateral arteries
Abductor Digiti
Abducts and flexes 5th digit Lateral plantar nerve
Minimi
Muscles of the Foot (2nd Layer)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Quadratus Plantae Assists in flexing lateral 4 digits Lateral plantar nerve
Dorsalis pedis artery and its branches: medial and
Flexes proximal phalanges; Extends distal 1st lumbrical; medial plantar nerve; lateral 3: lateral arteries
Lumbricals
phalanges of the lateral 4 digits lateral plantar nerve

Muscles of the Foot (3rd Layer)

MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Flexor Hallucis
Flexes the great toe Medial plantar nerve
Brevis
Adductor Hallucis Adducts the great toe Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve Dorsalis pedis artery and its branches: medial and
lateral arteries
Flexor Digiti Minimi Flexes the 5th digit Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

Muscles of the Foot (4th Layer)

MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Three Plantar
Adduction of toes
Interossei Dorsalis pedis artery and its branches: medial and
Lateral plantar nerve
Four Dorsal lateral arteries
Abduction of toes
Interossei
Muscles of the Foot (Dorsum)
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Extensor Digitorum
Extend the 4 lateral digits
Brevis Dorsalis pedis artery and its branches: medial and
Deep peroneal nerve
Extensor Hallucis lateral arteries
Extend the great toe
Brevis

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 Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Anterior: Trigeminal nerve (CN V); Posterior: Anterior belly: submental branch of facial
Digastric
Facial nerve (CN VII) artery; Posterior belly: occipital artery
Geniohyoid First cervical (C1)
Suprahyoid
Elevate the hyoid bone
muscles Branches of facial, occipital, and lingual
Mylohyoid Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
arteries

Stylohyoid Facial nerve (CN VII)

Sternothyroid
Infrahyoid Sternohyoid Ansa cervicalis
Depress the larynx Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
muscles Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid First cervical (C1)
Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Cricothyroid Tensor of vocal folds External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Thyroarytenoid Relaxor of vocal folds
Branches of the superior and inferior laryngeal
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Adductor Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve arteries
Transverse arytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid Abductor
Muscles of the Pharynx
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Aids soft palate in closing off nasal
Superior constrictor Pharyngeal plexus
pharynx, propels bolus downward
Middle constrictor Propels bolus downward Pharyngeal plexus
Inferior constrictor Propels bolus downward Pharyngeal plexus Ascending pharyngeal, tonsillar branches of
Cricopharyngeus Sphincter at lower end of pharynx facial, branches of maxillary and lingual
Stylopharyngeus Elevates larynx during swallowing Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) arteries from external carotid artery
Salpingopharyngeus Elevates pharynx Pharyngeal plexus
Elevates wall of pharynx; pulls
Palatopharyngeus Pharyngeal plexus
pharyngeal arch medially

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 Muscles of the Head
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Moves scalp on skull and raises Frontal belly: Ophthalmic artery; Occipital belly:
Muscle of scalp Occipitofrontalis
eyebrows occipital artery
Orbicularis oculi (palpebral part) Closes eyelids and dilates lacrimal sac
Throws skin around orbit into folds to Facial, superficial temporal, and ophthalmic arteries
Orbicularis oculi (orbital part)
protect eyeball
Muscles of Vertical wrinkles of forehead, as in to
Corrugator supercilii Ophthalmic artery
facial protect eyeball
expression
Compressor nasi Compresses mobile nasal cartilages
Facial artery
Dilator naris Widens nasal aperture
Procerus Wrinkles skin of nose Dorsal nasal artery; Ophthalmic artery
Orbicularis oris Compresses lips together Facial artery
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Facial artery; Maxillary artery
Levator labii superioris Maxillary artery; Facial artery
Zygomaticus major
Superficial temporal artery; Facial artery
Zygomaticus minor
Levator anguli oris Maxillary artery; Facial artery
Dilator muscle
Risorius Separates lips
of lips
Depressor anguli oris
Facial artery
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis

Buccinator Branches of facial and superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery; Facial artery; Superficial temporal

Masseter
artery
Muscles of Closes jaw
Temporalis Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)
mastication
Medial pterygoid Maxillary artery
Lateral pterygoid Opens jaw
Muscles of the Neck
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Depresses mandible and angle of
Platysma Cervical branch of Facial nerve (CN VII) Facial artery; Suprascapular artery
mouth
Two muscles acting together extend
Spinal part of Accesory nerve (CN XI) and
Sternocleidomastoid head and flex neck; one muscle Superior thyroid and occipital arteries
C2 and C3
rotates head to the other side

Scalenus anterior Elevates 1st rib; laterally flexes and C4-C6

rotates cervical part of vertebral
Scalenus medius column Inferior thyroid, suprascapular, superficial cervical,
and dorsal scapular arteries
Elevates 2nd rib; laterally flexes and Anterior rami of cervical nerves
Scalenus posterior rotates cervical part of vertebral
column

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 Muscles of the Perineum
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Together with puborectalis muscle forms voluntary Inferior rectal nerve and perineal branch of 4th
External anal sphincter
sphincter of anal canal sacral nerve
Inferior rectal artery
Together with puborectalis muscle forms voluntary Perineal branch of 4th sacral nerve and from
Puborectalis
sphincter of anal canal perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Male: Compreses uretrhra and assists in erection

Bulbospongiosus
Female: Sphincter of vagina and assists in erection of
clitoris
Male: Assists in erection of penis Perineal branch of pudendal nerve Internal pudendal artery
Ischiocavernosus
Female: Causes erection of clitoris
Sphincter urethrae Voluntary sphincter of urethra
Superficial transverse perineal muscle Fixes perineal body
Deep transverse perineal muscle Fixes perineal body
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY

Piriformis 1st and 2nd sacral nerve

Lateral rotator of extended hip joint; Abductor of flexes
hip joint; Stabilize femoral head in hip
Obturator Internus Nerve to obturator internus from sacral nerve
Inferior gluteal artery
Supports pelvic viscera; sphincter to anorectal junction
Levator ani 4th sacral nerve, pudendal nerve
and vagina

Coccygeus Assists levator ani to support pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx 4th and 5th sacral nerve

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 Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY

Support abdominal contents; compresses abdominal

External oblique contents; assists in flexing and rotation of trunk; assists Lower six thoracic nerves and Lower posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries;
in forced expiration, micturition, defecation, parturition, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal superior and inferior epigastric arteries; superficial and
and vomiting nerves deep circumflex iliac arteries; posterior lumbar arteries
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis Compresses abdominal contents

Compresses abdominal contents and flexes vertebral Superior and inferior epigastric arteries (inferior >
Rectus abdominis Lower six thoracic nerves
column; accessory muscle of respiraton superior)

Pyramidalis (if present) Tenses the linea alba 12th thoracic nerve Superior and inferior epigastric arteries
Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY

Psoas Flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed, it flexes trunk on Lumbar arteries
thigh, as in sitting up from lying position
Illacus
Lumbar plexus
Fixes 12th rib during inspiration; depresses 12th rib Iliolumbar artery
Quadratus lumborum during forced expiration; laterally flexes vertebral
column same side

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 Muscles of the Thorax
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY

With 1st rib fixed, they raise ribs during inspiration and thus increase
External intercostal
anteroposterior and transverse diameters of thorax; Elevates the ribs

Intercostal nerves
With last rib fixed by abdominal muscles, they lower ribs during
Internal intercostal
expiration; Depresses the ribs

Innermost intercostal Assists external and intercostal muscles

Transverus thoracis Depresses the ribs
Braches of internal thoracic artery
Very important muscle of inspiration; increases vertical diameter of
Diaphragm thorax by pulling central tendon downward; assists in raising lower Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
ribs. Also used in abdominal straining and weight lifting

Levatores costarum Posterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

Raises ribs and therefore inspiratory muscles
Serratus posterior superior
Intercostal nerves
Serratus posterior inferior Depresses the ribs and therefore expiratory muscles

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 Muscles of the Eyeball and Eyelids
MUSCLE ACTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY
Superior rectus Raises cornea upward and medially
Inferior rectus Depresses cornea downward and medially Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Extrinsic
muscles of Medial rectus Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks medially
the eyeball Lateral rectus Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks laterally Abducent nerve (CN VI)
(Striated Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks downward
skeletal Superior oblique Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
and laterally
muscle)
Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks upward
Inferior oblique Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
and laterally Ophthalmic artery
Intrinsci Sphincter pupillae of iris Constricts pupil Parasympathetic via oculomotor nerve (CN III)
muscles of
the eyeball Dilator pupillae of iris Dilates pupil Sympathetic
(Smooth Controls shape of lens; in accommodation,
muscle) Ciliary muscle Parasympathetic via oculomotor nerve (CN III)
makes lens more globular
Striated muscle: oculomotor nerve (CN III);
Levator palpebrae superioris Raises upper lid
Smooth muscle: sympathetic
Muscles of
Orbicularis oculi (palpebral part) Closes eyelids and dilates lacrimal sac Facial, superficial
the eyelids
Throws skin around orbit into folds to protect Facial nerve (CN VII) temporal, and
Orbicularis oculi (orbital part) ophthalmic arteries
eyeball

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