SURGICAL

INSTRUMENTS
REVIEWER

By: Yzobelle D. Redondo // RTRMF BSN-III

 I. Cutting and Dissecting
Function: Used to dissect, incise, separate, and excise tissues.

NAME & FUNCTION OF INSTRUMENT PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT

 Number 10
- Rounded towards the tip
- Used to open the skin
- Used for large skin incisions

 Number 11
- Linear edge with a sharp tip
- Used as initial puncture for tiny
deep incisions

 Number 12
- Has a curved cutting surface like a hook
- Sometimes used as a suture cutter
- Used in procedures like:
 Arteriotomies
 parotid surgery
 septoplasty
 cleft palate procedures
 EENT procedures
- Commonly used in tonsillectomy

 Number 15
- Has a short rounded edge
- Used for short controlled
incisions

 Number 20
- Shape is similar with number 10,
only larger
- Used in general and orthopaedic
surgeries

Other Blades & Anatomy of a Scalpel Blade:

 II. Scalpels & Knives
Function: Long handles of scalpels are used for deep incisions such as open
abdominal cases

NAME & FUNCTION OF INSTRUMENT PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT

 Scalpel 3

 Scalpel 4

 Scalpel 7

 Beaver Knife Handle

- Used for small delicate cases

 Cataract Knife
 III. Scissors
Function: To cut or dissect tissues; Also used in cutting other materials

NAME & FUNCTION OF PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT

INSTRUMENT

 Straight Mayo Scissors

- aka “Suture Scissors”
- Used to cut
 suture and supplies
 fascia

 Curved Mayo Scissors

- Used to cut heavy tissues such
as:
 Fascia
 Muscle
 Uterus
 Breast

 Metzenbaum
- Used to cut delicate tissues

 Wire Scissors
- Have short heaver blades
- Used to cut stainless steel
sutures
- Used to cut bone fixation wires

Wire Sutures

 Joseph Nasal Scissors

- An example of short-jaw sharp
tipped scissors
- Used in deep areas like the
nasal cavity

 Bandage/Dressing Scissors
- Used to:
 Cut drains & dressings
 Open items like plastic
packets
Small Scissors

 Tenotomy Scissors
- Used in delicate surgeries
- Commonly used in:
 Ophthalmologic
 Neurological
 Plastic surgery
procedures

 Iris Scissors
- Ideal for detailed dissection of
fine tissues
- Commonly used in:
 Ophthalmologic
procedures

Anatomy of Surgical Scissors:

 IV. Bone Cutters and Debulking Tools
Function:
1. For cutting into or through bone and cartilage
2. To decrease the bulk of firm tissues
NAME & FUNCTION OF PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT
INSTRUMENT

 Chisel
- Designed to excise bone
during orthopaedic
surgical procedures

 Mallet
- used in conjuction with osteotomes,
chisels and gouges to apply a
swinging force when cutting or
shaping bone.

 Osteotome
- A chisel without a bevel
- Used for cutting bone

Swan Neck Gouge

 Gouge
- A chisel with a concavo-
convex cross section for
removing portions of bone in
surgery.

Partsch Gouge

 Rasp
- Used to assist
the surgeon's control while
performing delicate shaping
and contouring by allowing a
firm grip on the instrument.
 Bone File
- Smoothing of bones
- used to elevate tissues or to
raise a sunken part, such as a
depressed fragment of bone

 Rongeur
- heavy-duty surgical instrument
with a sharp-edged, scoop-
shaped tip
- used for gouging out bone

 Rib/Bone Cutter & Saw

- Used to cut or remove bones

 Bone Drill
- Used to:
 Bore holes in bone for
the attachment
of surgical pins, plates, or
screws
 Remove decay and
reshape teeth in
preparation for a filling.

 Reamer
- Used to enlarge a hole
 V. Other Sharp Dissectors
Function: To cut tissue apart or separate tissue layers
NAME & FUNCTION OF PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT
INSTRUMENT

 Biopsy Forceps and

Punches
- Used to remove a small
piece of tissue for a
pathologic examination

 Curette
- Tissue or bone is removed
by scraping with the sharp
edge of the loop, ring, or
scoop on the end of a
curette
Bone Curette

Uterine Curette

 Snare
- Loop of wire may be placed
around a pedicle to dissect
tissue such as tonsil
- The wire cuts the pedicle as
it retracts into the instrument
- The wire is replaced after
use

Tonsil Snare
 VI. A. Grasping and Holding
Function:
1. Used to grasp tissue and hold it in place without injuring surrounding tissues
2. Used to hold drapes or sponges
NAME AND FUNCTION OF PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT
INSTRUMENT

 Kocher/Ochsner Forceps
- Used to grasp heavy tissue
- May be used as a clamp

 Allis
- Each jaw slightly curves inward
- Has a row of teeth in the end
- Holds:
 Intestinal Tissue
 Breast Tissue

 Babcock
- Each jaw is rounded to fit
around a structure or to
grasp a tissue without injury
- Used to grasp delicate
tissues such as:
 Intestine
 Fallopian Tube
 Ovary

 Ovum Forceps/Sponge Stick

- Used to grasp sponges
- Used to remove placental
fragments inside the uterus
- Used as a hemostat or a
clamping instrument

 Towel Clip
- Used to hold towels and
drapes in place
 Mosquito Forceps
- Used to hold delicate tissue Straight
- Used to compress a
bleeding vessel

Curved

 Kelly Forceps
- Bigger than mosquito Straight
forceps
- Comes in different sizes (S,
M, Long)
- Used for clamping large
blood vessels or
manipulating heavy tissue.
Curved

 Schnidtz Forceps
- Used for clamping

 Mixter Forceps
- Most frequently used for
clamping, dissection, or
grasping tissue

 Randall Forceps
- Used for grasping and
removing kidney stones, gall
stones, or polyps.

 Vascular Clamp
- Used to clamp blood
vessels

 Lahey Forceps
- used to grasp fibrous tissue.
- Often used to grasp breast tissue in
mastectomy procedures or tissue
and glands in thyroid surgeries.
 VI. B. Grasping and Holding
Function:
1. Used to grasp tissue and hold it in place without injuring surrounding tissues
2. Used to hold drapes or sponges

NAME AND FUNCTION OF PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT

INSTRUMENT

 Tissue Forceps
- Used for grasping organs and slippery
or dense tissue during electrosurgery.
- Commonly used with:
 Tonsil
 Vaginal
 Breast
 Thyroid tissue

 Thumb Forceps
- Used by compression between
your thumb and forefinger and
are used for grasping, holding or
manipulating body tissue
- Used to hold or move tissue during
surgery or to move dressings.

 Adson Forceps
- Used to grasp delicate tissue
- Used to grasp the skin

 De Bakey Forceps
- Used to grasp delicate tissue
especially in cardiovascular
surgery

 Bayonet Forceps
- For ear and nose are either serrated or
smooth.
- Used to remove sterile dressing and
have serrated edges for better grasp.
- Used to examine, grasp or extract
tissues and foreign materials from
within the ear and nasal cavities

Anatomy of a Ring-Handled Clamp:

 VII. Exposing and Retracting
Function: Used for pulling aside soft tissues, muscles, and other structures, for
exposure of the surgical site
A. Manual Retractors
NAME AND FUNCITON OF PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT
INSTRUMENT

 Deaver Retractor (Manual)

- Used to retract deep abdominal
or chest incisions

 Richardson Retractor
- Used to retract deep abdominal
or chest incisions

 Mayo Retractor
- Used for retracting the body
wall
- Used for holding the abdominal
cavity open.

 Kelly Retractor
- Has longer blades compared to
Richardson
- Used to separate the edges of a
surgical incision or wound, or to hold
back underlying organs and tissues
so that body parts under the incision
may be accessed.

 Army Navy Retractor

- Used to retract shallow or
superficial incisions

 Goelet Retractor
- Used for holding back tissue
from small, superficial
incisions.

 Malleable Retractor
- Used to retract deep wounds.
- Could be bended to different
shapes
 Volkmann Rake Retractor
- commonly used in small bone
and joint procedures

 Freeman Facelift Retractor

- Exposes dissected skin in
mammaplasty and
rhytidectomy procedures.

 Harrington Sweetheart
Retractor
- Used to hold back tissue and
organs deep in the abdominal
region.

 Tongue Retractor
- Used to hold mucoperiosteal
flaps, cheeks, lips,
and tongue away from the
surgical area

 Skin Hooks

 Senn Retractor
- Used to retract primarily surface
tissue.
- Often used in:
 plastic surgery
 small bone and joint
procedures
 thyroidectomy
 dissection of neck tissue.
 B. Self-Retaining Retractors
NAME AND FUNCTION OF PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT
INSTRUMENT

 Weitlaner Retractor
- Has curved shanks that lead to
blades that have between two and
six, sharp or blunt, outward curving
prongs.
- Used to retract shallow incisions
- Most commonly used in:
 basic plastic surgery
 large bone and joint
procedures,
 mastoid surgeries.

 Gelpi Retractor
- Ratcheted, finger ring retractor often
used in smaller surgical site or
shallow incisions
- Once the targeted tissue has been
held back, the locking mechanism
allows the retractor to remain in
place, and does not require
someone to hold it during the
procedure.

 Balfour Retractor
- used in laparotomy procedure
- used for specific abdominal procedures
where the abdomen needs to be held
open for examination or evaluation,
such as:
 cesarean sections
 bowel resection


 O’ Sullivan-O’Connor

 Bookwalter Retractor
- Used to hold open abdominal
incisions

 Thompson Retractor
- For cervical spine access offers secure,
table mounted solutions that prevent
shifting, or “rise up” in the incision.
- Designed to provide access and exposure
for a variety of surgical procedures
 VIII. Needle Holders
Function: Used to grasp and hold curved needles; Most needle holder resemble
haemostatic forceps, but the difference is the shortness of the jaws
NAME AND FUNCTION OF PICTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT
INSTRUMENT

 Webster Needle Holder

- Used with small needles and fine suture
material
- Commonly used in:
 plastic surgery
 subcutaneous procedures.

 Crilewood Needle Holder

- Used to hold and guide small to medium
size needles and suture materials

 Heaney Needle Holder

- A ratcheted, finger ring instrument used
for light to medium weight suturing
- Most commonly in gynecological
procedures such as:
 vaginal and abdominal
hysterectomy
 dilation and curettage.

 Derf Snub-Jaw Needle Holder

- Has short jaws and delicate serrations that
hold small needles and commonly 5-0 and
6-0 sutures.
- Frequently utilized in:
 Ophthalmic
 Dental
 Plastic procedures,

 Mayo Hegar Needle Holder

- Commonly used with larger, heavier
suture needles because of its wide jaws.

 Ryder Needle Holder

- Ratcheted, finger ring instrument that
features narrow jaws
- Commonly used with very small
suture needles in:
 Cardiovascular
 Plastic
 Neurosurgical procedures
 IX. Staplers

 Skin Stapler
- Usually applied using a disposable stapler,
and removed with a specialized
staple remover.

 Internal Anastomosis Stapler

 Terminal End Stapler