Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Forensic Chemistry
6”‡ÛW6“å≈–W
6“‘XΩd—–6Á„ÉXÉÛW6fW·İûW
j{XùW6vÄÑ‘6µ6fXŸ„Ω–W6æ‘
‰ÿXh–W6“å≈–W
6Ê‚ÄùW6ÍX„’„Ã
٤١ ............................................................................
٤١ ..................................................................
٤٢ ...................................................................
i–Xh–W6“å≈–W
fWÄl≈d≥W6ÍX„’„Ã
6æ_WÄ–W6“å≈–W
ÂXŸ–W6ÀÚï˜W6fX≈—°
٩٩ ..............................................................................
Ö‘XûW6“å≈–W
6ÍÚİ–W6ÍX„’„Ã
١٢٥ .............................................
١٢٧ ........................................SEM-EDS
١٢٧ .....................
١٢٧ .............................................................
6Ü{XÑ–W6“å≈–W
nXkÇ–W
١٣٦ ..................................................................... –
–
–
–
١٥١ .............................................................
æ_XÑ–W6“å≈–W
Á_-–W
:
”XÕáÛW6Á’ÎX»
٥٣ .SPME
٥٥ SPME
٨٢
٨٣ .HPLC
١٢٧ PyGC-MS
١٤٩ GRIM
MS -ICP
”‡W|úW6Á’ÎX»
ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ
Forensic Science
Forensic Chemistry
crime scene suspect
trace evi-
dence
ire debris
Explosive
Gunshot residue
Paint
Glass
Soil
Packing
٢٠٠٨
(1)
Locating and collection of samples
contamina-
،tion
Packing of samples
(1) http://www.spexforensics.com
(2) http://www.all-about-forensic-science.com
HNO3
Saving of samples
–
Transportation of samples
(1) http://www.ehow.com/info-forensic-scientist.html
(2) http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk
Delivery of samples
Chemistry of Fire
Exother-)
(combustible) (mic
،Fuel
Ash
Fire،Fire Triangle
.Fire Pentagon،Tetrahedron
Fire triangle
Combustibles
Oxidizers
Thermal Energy
Fire Tetrahedron
Chemical chain reaction
(١) http://www.education.gov.bh
(٢) http://ar.wikipedia.org
Combustibles
Oxidizers
Thermal Energy
Chemical Chain of Reaction
Combustibles Fuel
– –
pyrolyse
melt
smolders
PU
deflagrate
ExplodeFlare
(١) Forensic Science Service , FSS - UK , Trainees Manual, London.UK (2007) .
OxidizersSource of Oxygen
Air
Oxidants
NaNO3
NaClO3KNO3
ﻣﻊ
ﻣﻊ ﻣﻊ
Thermal EnergyIgnition Source
(١) Stauffer. E ,Dolan.J, Nweman.R, Fire Debris Analysis, Academic Press,
California ,USA ,(2008) .
Chemical Heat Energy
Electric Heat Energy
Mechanical Heat Energy
Nuclear Heat Energy
Solar Heat Energy
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Chemical Chain of Reaction
Free radi-
cals
1998
Accelerants and
Incendiary Devises
ASTM
١٤٠٨
C CC CC
C C١٢
٤
Charcoalstarterfluids
–
Miscellaneous
(١) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006).
(2) Stauffer. E ,Dolan.J, Nweman.R, « Fire Debris Analysis «, Academic Press,
California ,USA ,(2008) .
Flash point
Fire Point
Point
Ignitable
Flammable
°
Combustible
°
Ignitable liquids
Flammability Limits
١٠١٠
LOwer Flammability LevelsLFL
Upper Flammability Levels(UFL)
UFL LFL ،(HC≡CH
(١) Stauffer. E ,Dolan.J, Nweman.R, « Fire Debris Analysis «, Academic Press,
. (California ,USA ,(2008
%UFL %LFL
Causes of Fire
Accidental Fire
Natural Fire
Arson Fire
٢٠٠٦
(٢)
١٤٠٨
Accidental Fire
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Natural Fire
Arson fire
Point of ori- Arson fire
،gin
V
V
(١) David , R .et al « Practical Fire and Arson Investigation « 2ed Ed ,CRC Press ,
New Your , USA , (1997).
(٢) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006).
Flashover
Concept of combustion
heat transfer
Ea
Oxygen
Kinetic
free radical
(١) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006).
Thermodynamic chemistry
،H
،G ،S
Mass transferee
Forensic analysis
for fire debris
٤٢
ASTM
اﻟﻌﻨﻮان واﳌﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﻣﺰ
ﻓﺼﻞ واﺳـﺘﺨﻼص ﺑﻘﺎاي اﳌﻮاد اﻟﺴﺎﺋةل اﳌﴪﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﺷـﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﲑ اﻟﺒﺨﺎريSteam distillation E-1385
ﻓﺼﻞ واﺳـﺘﺨﻼص ﺑﻘﺎاي اﳌﻮاد اﻟﺴﺎﺋةل اﳌﴪﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﺷـﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﺳـﺘﺨﻼص اﳌﺬﯾﺒﺎت Solvent extraction E-1386
ﻓﺼﻞ واﺳـﺘﺨﻼص ﺑﻘﺎاي اﳌﻮاد اﻟﺴﺎﺋةل اﳌﴪﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﺷـﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻛﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﺟﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﻟﻐﺎز .GC E-1387
ﻓﺼﻞ واﺳـﺘﺨﻼص اﻷﲞﺮة اﳌﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎاي اﳌﻮاد اﳌﴪﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﺷـﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﲮﺐ اﻟﻐﺎزات ﻓﻮق اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت
E-1388
. Headspace
تﻧﻈﻴﻒ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت ﳐﻠﻔﺎت اﳊﺮاﺋﻖ اﳌﺴـﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﲋع اﶵﴤ ﻹزاةل ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت اﻟﻨﻴﱰوﺟﲔ واﻷﻛﺴﺠﲔ ﻣﻦ
E-1389
اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ اﳌﺴـﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ . Acid stripping
ﻓﺼﻞ واﺳـﺘﺨﻼص ﺑﻘﺎاي اﳌﻮاد اﻟﺴﺎﺋةل اﳌﴪﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﺷـﺘﻌﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﶈﱰﻗﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ اﳌﻨﺸﻂ Activated
E-1412
charcoalابﺳـﺘﺨﺪام . Headspace
ﻓﺼﻞ وزايدة ﺗﺮﻛﲒ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﺑةل ﻟﻼﺷـﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﲒ ادلﯾﻨﺎﻣﻴﲄ ﻟﻠﻔﺤﻢ. E-1413
اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻘﺎاي ﳐﻠﻔﺎت اﳊﺮاﺋﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﺴﺎﺋةل اﳌﴪﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﺷـﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ هجﺎز ﻛﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﺟﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﻟﻐﺎز -ﻣﻄﻴﺎف
E-1618
اﻟﻜﺘةل .GC-MS
ﻓﺼﻞ واﺳـﺘﺨﻼص اﳌﻮاد اﳌﴪﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﺷـﺘﻌﺎل ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻔﺎت اﳊﺮاﺋﻖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ الاﺳـﺘﺨﻼص ادلﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻄﻮر اﻟﺼﻠﺐ
E-1254
.SPME
V •
•
•
Hydrocarbon detector
،FIDppb
PIDppm
،pipette
teflon
Preparation of Sample
(ILR) Ignitable Liquid Residues
Distillation
٦٢
(١) Bertsch ,W. Sample Preparation for the Chemical Analysis of Debris in Suspect
Arson Cases .(2001) .
(٢) http://camillaschemistryadventure.blogspot.co.uk
Solvent Extraction
soxhlet system
Headspace
Adsorption
0
(١) Bertsch ,W .» Sample Preparation for the Chemical Analysis of Debris in
Suspect Arson Cases «.(2001) .
(SPME) Solid Phase
Micro-Extraction
J.Pawlisyn
١٩٨٩
.SPME
Vol-
atile
٧٢
Adsorption
:SPME
SPME
contamination
Detection Limit
١SPMEfiber
Polymer
coating
quantitative،qualitative
٨٢
SPME
٨٢ A
B ،SPME
SPME
SPME
SPME
GC-MS
،pH
،GC-MS
.port
(1) F. Augusto , A. Luiz Pires Valente «Applications of solid-phase microextraction
to chemical analysis of live biological samples «,(2002).
Fire Debris Analysis Techniques
Atomic absorption spectrometry(AA)
Infrared Spectrophotometer (IR)
UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
DeviceFlash Point
Chemistry of Explosives
black powder gunpowder
NG Nitroglycerin
Alfred Nobel
(1) Jehudo.Y, Shmuel.Z ,Modern Methods and Applications in Analysis of Explosive , 1st Ed
, Wiley , England , (1996)
Classification of Explosives
MechanicalExplosionsChemicalExplosions
ExplosionsNuclear
NG ،TNT
(1) http://www.arab-ency.com.
(2) http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/File:Nuclear_explosion.jpg
Oxida-Fuel
tive
Sensitizers
(1) Newton , D. «The New Chemistry – Forensic Chemistry», Facts On File Inc,New York
,USA , (2007).
(2) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006).
Confined
High Explosive
Primary explosive ا
Secondary explosive
Primary explosive
unstable
( ﴎﻋﺔ ﻣﺆﴍ اﻟﻘﻮة٣ﰟ/اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ )ﰖ
Chemical اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻜﳰﻴﺎﰄ
Power الاﻧﻔﺠﺎرDensity (g/ Explosiveeاﳌﺘﻔﺠﺮ
structure
Index Speed (cm3
(C NO )2 Hg
Mercury ﻓﻠﻤﻨﺎت اﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ
١٤ ٢٣٠٠ ١٫٢٥
fulminate
O
O2N NO2 Pb2 ﺳـﺘﻔﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺎص
١٤ ٣٩٢٥ ٣٫٠٧
O Lead styphnate
NO2
N N
N Pb N
١٣ ٤٥٠٠ ٢٫٨ N N Lead azide أزﯾﺪ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص
Secondary explosive
Stable
RDX
O
+
O
N
O ﻧﻴﱰو ﺟﻠﴪﻳﻦ
O O O O
١٧١ ٧٧٥٠ ١٫٦٠ N
+ +
N Nitroglycerin
O O
C3H5N3O9
OH
O2N NO2
ﲪﺾ اﻟﺒﻴﻜﺮﯾﻚ
١٠٠ ٧٩٠٠ ١٫٦٠
NO2
Picric acid
O O
CH3
N
+
N
+
TNT
O O
ﺛﻼﰔ ﻧﻴﱰو ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻳﻦ-٦٫٤٫٢
٣٣١٫٢ ٦٨٥٠ ١٫٥٥
N
+ 2،4،6-Trinitrotolunene
O O
C7H5N3O6
NO2
RDX
N
– ﺛﻼﰔ اﳌﻴﺜﻠﲔ اﳊﻠﻘﻲ:ﻫﻜﺴﻮﺟﲔ
ﺛﻼﰔ ﻧﻴﱰاﻣﲔ
٤٥٧ ٨٤٤٠ ١٫٧٠ N N
O2N NO2
HexogenCyclotrimethylene-
trinitramine
C3H6N6O6
NO2-O-CH2 CH2-O-N
C PETN
٤٥٢ ٧٩٢٠ ١٫٦٠ NO2-O-CH2 CH2-O-N ﺑﻨﺘﺎ اﻳﺮاﺛﲑاﯾﺘﻮل – رابﻋﻲ اﻟﻨﻴﱰﯾﺖ
Pentaerythitol-tetranitate
friction
impact
Positive Phase •
Negative Phase •
O ،C
، 2
N2 ، H2
H2O ، CO2
N
. 2
NG
TNT
،(TNT، RDX)
،(-N=N-)
oxygen
balance
NGTNT
CH3
NO2
O2N NO2
O
-
O O
NO2 O2N NO2
TNTNG
C٣H٥N٣O٩NG
C3H5N3O9 3CO2+5/2H2O+ 3/2N2
9 Oxygen 6+2.5=8.5
C3H5N3O9 3CO2+5/2H2O+ 3/2N2+1/2O2
C٧H٥N٣O٦ TNT
C7H5N3O6 7CO2+5/2H2O+ 3/2N2
6 Oxygen 14+2.5=16.5
C7H5N3O6 7CO2+5/2H2O+ 3/2N2 – 10.5 O2
NG
TNT
TNT
X10074%
اﳌﺘﻔﺠﺮ ٪ﻣﲒان اﻷﻛﺴﺠﲔ
ﻧﱰات الاﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ٢٠+
(NG) ﻧﻴﱰوﺟﻠﴪﻳﻦ ٤+
Picric acidﲪﺾ اﻟﺒﻜﺮﯾﻚ ٤٥-
(TNT) ٧٤-
shat-blast wave
tering power
push power
fragments
sharp
،shrapnel
،Q
V
Power Index
PI
VQ
picric acid
PI
،Q
Q = m X CvX TΔ
TΔ
specific heatCv
massm
m
Cv
•
•
•
•
•
(١) West Virginia State Police ,( 8th Addition ) , Laboratory Filed Manual.
(IMS) Ion Mobility Spectrome-
try
NO2- NO3-
Doping
63Ni
n O2-(H2O)n
TNT
،-TNT)Cl)-C5H7(NO2)3Cl
TLC
،GC
Ion Scan،HPLC
SEM
(1) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039914013000192
Griess Reagent
Griess(2) Griess(1)
Sulfanilic acid
Acetic Acid
N-(1-napthyl) ethylene di amine
(1) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK. .(2006).
Diphenylamine Reagent
KOH
Nessler Reagent
KI ًﺟﺮاﻣﺎ٥٠
MgCl2
MgI2
NaOH
.
اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺛﻨﺎﰄ ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻞ اﻷﻣﲔ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴـﻴﺪاﻟﺒﻮاتﺳـﻴﻮم اﻟﻜﺤﻮﱄ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﺮﻳﺲ اﳌﺎدة
ﺑﺪون أزرق ﺑﺪون اﻟﳫﻮرات
ﺑﺪون أزرق وردي إﱃ أﲪﺮ اﻟﻨﱰﯾﺖ
ﺑﺪون أزرق ﻏﺎﻣﻖ وردي اﻟﻨﻴﱰوﺳﻠﻴﻠﻮز
ﺑﺪون أزرق وردي إﱃ أﲪﺮ اﻟﻨﻴﱰو ﺟﻠﴪﻳﻦ
ﺑﺪون أزرق وردي إﱃ أﲪﺮ PETN
ﺑﺪون أزرق وردي إﱃ أﲪﺮ RDX
أﲪﺮ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺪون TNT
أﲪﺮ دﻣﻮي أزرق وردي إﱃ أﲪﺮ Tetryl اﻟﺘﱰاﯾﻞ
+
NH٤
TLC
GC
(١) http://www.aquaculture.ugent.be/Education/coursematerial/ ATA/analysis/lip_extr.htm
GC-MS
(1) http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu
HPLC
GC
(High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC
.HPLC
TEAsThermal Energy Analyzer
Flame Ionization DetectorFID
Mass
Spectrometry Detector (MSD)
visible،UV
Ion Chroma-
tography (IC
SO3HNH4+NO2NO3-
K ClO4- N+CH3
-Cl
Gun Shot Residue
primer١
propellants٢
bullet٣
primer
BaClO3
(1) http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/forensic-science /fsc /april /research (2004)
(2) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006)
2009
SbSO4
Ea
propellant
PV = nRT
R n V P
T
bullet
KE = 1/2 mV2
V m KE
KClO3 ، C≡NO)2Hg)
Pb(N3)2)
C6H3N3O8Pb)
Hg)
projectile
Propellant
bullet
(1) L Gunaratnam, K , Himberg» The Identification of Gunshot Residue Particles from Lead- Free
Sintox Ammunition»,(1994)
٢٠٠٩
(3) Stauffer.E , Dolan.J , Nweman .R ,» Fire Debris Analysis «, Academic Press,
California,USA ,(2008) .
(4) http://daily-survival.blogspot.co.uk/05/basic-firearms-part-2-ammunition.htm (2009)
Bullet
C6H10O6cellules
C6H10O6
H2SO4 HNO3
NO2Nitration
(C6H8(NO2)2O5)
Diphenyl ammine
Di bu-
tyl phthalate
KNO3
gun barrel
Groove ، Land
twist
–
٦٤
ME CE ME+(heat) KE
(1) http://basracrimelab.com/Chemistry.php
PropellantQ
Bullet
Q
mp
mb
V
H3C CH3
O O
CH3
O O
H3C
N
H
H3C CH3
N N
O
N N
CH3 CH3
O
N
+
O
N
NH O
+
N
O
CH3
NO2
NO2
CH3
O2N NO2
NO2
NO2
O
O O
O2N NO2
H3C CH3
O O
O O
NO3- Ni-
NO2- Nitrite trate
NO2-
Paraffin test
dermal nitrate test
Diphenyl amine
(1) Newton , D. «The New Chemistry – Forensic Chemistry», Facts On File Inc,New York ,USA , (2007).
(2) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006).
+
N + NO3- N N
H H
DIphenylamine Blue quinoid imonium ion
HO3S NH3
Naphthylamine Red
Sulfanilic acid
walker test
NH2 NO3-
NH3+ + N N
H
H
+ HNO2
NH2
Coupling
SO3H
Sulfanilic acid
(primary maine)
HO3S N N NH2
Red color
Greiss test
Sulfa-
nilamide and naphthylamin in acidic solution
Zn ،Cd
NO2 NO3
. -N=N-
Sodium rhodizonate test
BaPb
O O
ONa 2+
O O
O Pb
+ Pb
O H
ONa O
O O Red (scarlet)
Sodium rhodizonate 2+
yellow Ba
+
H
O
O O
Pb
O Red (brownish)
O
Atomic Absorption
swabs
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)
.Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Photo luminescence
ICP
MS AES
،ScanningElectronMicroscopy (SED)
(1) Newton , D. «The New Chemistry – Forensic Chemistry», Facts On File
Inc,New York ,USA , (2007).
(2) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006).
SEM-EDX
SEM
TEM
،EDX
K،L،M
(1) http://jim-norris.com/Gunshot%20Residue.html
ASTMAmeri-
can Society for Testing and Materials
GSR
Ba،Sb،Pb
(1) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006)
(2) http://www.tedpella.com/calibrat_html/gunshot.htm
2013
(4) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006).
،GSR
Si،S،Ca
TiO2
BaClO3
Ti
Pb،Ba،Sb
Zn،Ti،St
(درﺟﺔ الاﻧﺼﻬﺎر)ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ (ﻣﻮل/اﻟﻜﺘةل)ﺟﺮام اﻟﻌﻨﴫ
درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ٣٢٨ ٢٠٧٫٢ Pb اﻟﺮﺻﺎص
درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ٦٣١ ١٢١٫٧٥ Sb اﻹﻧﺘﳰﻮﱐ
درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ٧٢٧ ١٣٧٫٣٤ Ba اﻟﺒﺎرﯾﻮم
Pb Ba
StTi Zn،Sb
Unique
Ba BaPb، SbSb
Pb
.Indicative
،Fe ،Cu
Pb
Environmental
•
•
•
•
Control •
(1) West Virginia State Police ,( 8th Addition ) , Laboratory Filed Manual
٢٠١٣
–
(1) https://www.lynnpeavey.com/index.ph
،SEM-EDX
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•
(1) http://arrowhead.frida1.com/evidence-collection/gun-shot-residue-gsr-kit-sem-4-
carbon-disks- envelope.html
Chemistry of Paint
coating
Protectivedecoration
PigmentsDyes
Dyes
Pigments
Solvents
،volatile portion
and BindersResin
adhesive
flexibilitydurability
H
O
H3C CH2
O
C C
H3C O CH3
Polymerization –
: Oxidation –
C=C
Solvent vibration –
Coagulation –
Alkyd
Alkyd
AcidAlcohol
Additives –
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brushing :Manual
roller
dipping roller :Automated
powder coatspray
Thickness
Homogeneity
(1) Jamieson . A , Moenssens ,A .et al. Volume 3, «Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic
Science», Wiley ,UK, (2009).
(2) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006).
Automotive paint
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•
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•
Household Paint –
Graffiti –
•
•
•
(1) West Virginia State Police ,( 8th Addition ) , « Laboratory Filed Manual « .
(2) Forensic Science Service FSS UK Trainees ManualLondonUK ,
2007 .
. (١) Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall , UK ,(2006)
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•
•
•
(1) West Virginia State Police ,( 8th Addition ) , «Laboratory Filed Manual» .
(2) Forensic Science Service , FSS - UK , Trainees Manual, London.UK , (2007) .
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PigmentsDyes
FTIR
Jamieson A Moenssens A et alVolume 3WileyEncyclopedia of Forensic ScienceWiley UK2009
(١)
SEM-EDS •
X-ray •
•
GC-MS .Pyrolysis
Optical Microscope Examination
FTIR
FTIR
KCl
–
(١) http://www.lcc.ukf.net/Chem14/IR&MassSpec.htm
(٢) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022231310004436
SEM-EDS
SEM-EDS
PyGC-MS
PyGC-MS
Results& Report
–
Glass
non crystalline
amorphous
super cooled liquid
morpheus
NaCl
amorphous
٢٠٠٧
Silica glass –
–
،Na2O Soda
K2O potash
Al2O3 CaO lime
MgO
crown glass
PbO –
Lead Oxide
Disper-
Optical flint glasssive
Borosilicate glassB2O3 –
B2O3
Pyrex
Incandescent Lamp
Alumina silicateAl2O3 –
Al2O3
Colored glass –
Fe
CuCo
Float glass
Safety glass –
Shards
Toughened and Laminated glass –
fibers
glass
Thermal properties –
Mechanical properties –
strength
surface crack
Electrical properties –
Transparency –
Reflected
Refractive
(Index (RI
. RI
Refractive Index
Dispersion
Density
، ccompression forces tension forces
اﻟﺘﻜﴪ اﶈﻮري اﻟﺘﻜﴪ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻮع اﳌﻘﺎرﻧﺔ
وﺑﻴﺪأ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﻌﺪprimary أوﱃ
. وﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﴪ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲsecondary اثﻧﻮي ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﲁ
.اﻟﴬب ﻣﺒﺎﴍة
ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﲡﺎﻩ اﻟﻘﻮة اﳌﺆﺛﺮة ﰲ اﳉﻬﺔ اﳌﻘﺎﺑةل ﻟﻠﻘﻮة اﳌﺆﺛﺮة اﲡﺎﻩ اﻟﻜﴪ
. اﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺧﻄﻮط أﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﳑﺘﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﴬب إﱃ اﳊﻮاف دواﺋﺮ ﳏﺪدة واﺣﺪة ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﳌﺮﻛﺰ
اﻟﺸﲁ
(١) http://www.crimemuseum.org/library/forensics/glassanalysis.html
Known samples
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Questioned samples
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١
١
٤٣
Direct Transferee
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Embedded glasses
crowbar
Secondary transferee
Forensic Sci-
، (ence Service (FSS
«Revell «Nelson
Fragment
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contamination
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•
(١) West Virginia State Police ,( 8th Addition), Laboratory Filed Manual
•
•
Refractive Index
RI
peak
Analyzerِ GRIM
«Forest«Fee
Glass Refractive
Index Measurement
GRIM
GRIM
GRIM
.GRIM2GRIM1
GRIM
DC550 ،DC710
DC704
Mettler hot-stage
D-589
GRIM
SEM-EDS
GRIM
Si Al MgNa
Ti FeS
Results& Report
–
Soil
Soil
١٠٠٥٠
(1) http://www.arab-ency.com. .
•
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chroma •
«Munsell Soil Color Chart
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2008
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
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1
1426
(2) Saferstein , R . « Forensic Science- An Introduction» , Prentice Hall , USA ,
(2011 ).
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birefringence
Soil colure
Density Gradient Column Technique
•
(tetrabromoethane (C2H2Br4
ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﶈﻠﻮل ethanol C2H2Br4 رﰴ اﶈﻠﻮل
٢٫٩٦ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻞ٥ ١
٢٫٥٣ ﻣﻞ١ ﻣﻞ٤ ٢
٢٫١٠ ﻣﻞ٢ ﻣﻞ٣ ٣
١٫٦٦ ﻣﻞ٣ ﻣﻞ٢ ٤
١٫٢٢ ﻣﻞ٤ ﻣﻞ١ ٥
٠٫٧٨٩ ﻣﻞ٥ ﺻﻔﺮ ٦
•
C2H2Br4
•
meterPH
Microscope
MS -ICP
aerosol
mass-to-charge
/
MS -ICP
SEM
Results& Report
–
1. Jamieson. A, Moenssens ,A.et al. Volume 3, «Wiley
Encyclopedia of Forensic Science», Wiley ,UK, (2009).
2. Stauffer.E , Dolan.J , Nweman .R,» Fire Debris Analy-
sis «, Academic Press, California,USA,(2008) .
3. Anthony, J. «Forensic Science Fundamentals &
Investigations»,South Western, USA , (2008).
4. F. Augusto A. Luiz Pires Valente ,(2002) «Applications of sol-
id-phase microextraction to chemical analysis of live biologi-
cal samples» , TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry Volume
21, Issues 6–7 , 7 June, Pages 428–438 .
4. Forensic Science Service , FSS - UK , Trainees Manu-
al, London.UK (2007) .
5. M. Smith G. E.Collins , J. Wang (2003) «Microscale solid-
phase extraction system for explosives» , Journal of Chroma-
tography ,Volume 991, Issue 2 , 4 April 2003, Pages 159–16 .
5. Newton , D. «The New Chemistry – Forensic Chem-
istry», Facts On File Inc,New York ,USA , (2007) .
6. Bell , Suzanne « Forensic Chemistry», Pearson Prentice Hall
, UK ,(2006).
7. Solid phase microextraction application guide CD. 4th Ed. Su-
pelco, Bellefonte, Pa Supelco, (2002).
8. Bertsch ,W. « Sample Preparation for the Chemical Analysis
of Debris in Suspect Arson Cases « ,(2001).
9. Solid phase microextraction troubleshooting guide. Bulletin
928. Supelco, Bellefonte, Pa Supelco , (2001).
10. West Virginia State Police,( 8th Addition), «Laboratory Filed
Manual» Vorginia , USA.
11. David , R .et al « Practical Fire and Arson Investigation « 2ed
Ed ,CRC Press , New Your , USA , (1997).
12. Jehudo.Y, Shmuel.Z ,»Modern Methods and Applications in
Analysis of Explosive « , 1st Ed , Wiley , England , (1996).
13. Saferstein , R. « Forensic Science- An Introduction» , Prentice
Hall , USA , (1981).
1. http://www.arab-ency.com
2. http://www.hull.ac.uk/ Chemistry , Hull University.
1. http://www.rcmp.gc.ca.
2. http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu .
3. http://www.spexforensics.com .
4. http://www.all-about-forensic-science.com .
5. http://www.ehow.com/info-forensic-scientist.html .
6. http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk .
7. http: // www. benihana.com .
8. http://www.spexforensics.com .
9. http://www.cellmarkforensics.co.uk .
10. http://camillaschemistryadventure.blogspot.co.uk .
11. http://www.education.gov.bh .
12. http://ar.wikipedia.org .
13. http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/File:Nuclear_explosion.jpg
14. h tt p : / / w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m / s c i e n c e / j o u r -
nal/13873806/298/1-3
15. http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu
16. http://www.aquaculture.ugent.be/Education/coursematerial/
ATA/analysis/lipextr.ht.
17. http://theideagirlsays.wordpress.com
18. /energy-wavelength-visible-light-diagram.
19. http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/forensic-science/fsc/april
2004 /research.
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21. http://basracrimelab.com/Chemistry.php
22. http://www.tedpella.com/calibrat_html/gunshot.htmll
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part-2-ammunition.html
24. https://www.lynnpeavey.com/index.php
25. http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/exposi-
tions-exhibitions/detective-investigator/en/zoom/rcmp14.html
26. http://arrowhead.frida1.com/evidence-collection/gun-shot-
residue-gsr-kit-sem-4-carbon-disks-envelope.html
27. http://www.lcc.ukf.net/Chem14/IR&MassSpec.html
28. http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca
29. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
S0022231310004436
30. http://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.com
31. http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/411923/view
32. http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2005.
33. http://cc307-jacktheripper.wikispaces.com/Analyzing
34. Glass.
35. http://www.crimemuseum.org/library/forensics/glassanaly-
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