HISTORY OF PLUMBING/

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO
PLUMBING AND SANITARY
SYSTEMS
• TERMINOLOGIES
• HISTORY
• INTRODUCTION
• REFERENCES
 TERMINOLOGY
• PLUMBING – is defined as the
art and science of installing
pipes, fixtures and other
apparatus to convey and
supply water in buildings and
to dispose and discharge
waste water and other liquids,
gases and other substances
out of buildings in a safe,
orderly, healthy and sanitary
way to ensure the health and
sanitation of life and property.
• SOLID WASTE – that is being discharged
by water closet
• LIQUID WASTE – that are coming from
various fixtures
• VALVE – is a device that regulates,
directs or controls the flow of a fluid by
opening, closing, or partially obstructing
various passageways
• PIPING – is a system of pipes used to
convey fluids (liquids and gases) from
one location to another
 • DRAINAGE SYSTEM – a facility
• PLUMBING FIXTURE – is an
exchangeable device which can be to dispose of liquid waste
connected to a plumbing system to
deliver and drain water. i.e. lavatory,
water closet, bidet
• TRAP – a device or fitting that provides a liquid seal to prevent the
emission of sewer gases without materially retarding the flow of
sewage or wastewater through it.
• VENT – any pipe provided to ventilate a plumbing system in order to
prevent backpressure and trap siphonage, or to equalize the air
pressure within the drainage system.
TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES
• To supply water to different
parts of the building
• To remove and discharge
human wastes and other
substances out of building
into the public sewer or septic
tank.
HISTORY
HISTORY
• Since the dawn of civilization, plumbing and sanitation has been a
part of human lives. All human beings, regardless of culture and race
had been practicing the act of disposing waste since time
immemorial.
• Historians, in their attempt to trace the history of plumbing, events
which had been brought about changes that led towards the
plumbing system we know today had thoroughly formulated records
of chronological events.
 Indus Valley (Pakistan and northwest India today)

• The first artifact to have been

unearthed was a copper pipe
used in the water system in the
ancient palace ruins in the Indus
Valley. It was estimated to be
5,500 years old. Such discovery
established the earliest known
knowledge on plumbing
systems.
• The system the Indus developed
and managed included a number of
advanced features. In this Indus
city, all houses had their own
private toilet, connected to a
covered sewer network
constructed of brickwork held
together with a gypsum-based
mortar that emptied either into the
surrounding water bodies or
alternatively into cesspits, the
latter of which were regularly
emptied and cleaned.
Egyptian
• Around 2,500 BC, the Egyptians
used copper pipes in their
irrigation and sewerage systems.
In the ancient Babylon, the
science of hydraulics had been
established as evidenced by
their skilful planning in their
network of canals. The
inhabitants of Crete to collect
water for drinking, washing,
bathing and cooking purposes,
constructed freshwater cisterns.
• Found in the tombs and temples of
rulers, much of this tubing remains
in an excellent, even functional,
state more than 5000 years after its
first use. This is because the very
malleable copper is not as
susceptible to corrosion as other
metals, which is why it is still used
today for pipes. Unlike plastic,
copper does not give off fumes,
melt, or burn. In addition, copper
has antibacterial properties that
help to ward off microorganisms.
• The ancient Greek civilization of
Crete, known as the Minoan
civilization, was the first
civilization to use underground
clay pipes for sanitation and
water supply.
 Roman
• During the Roman Empire, enormous concerns on the field of
sanitation and plumbing had been observed those times. Aqueducts
were built to convey water from sources to houses.
• Extensive underground sewer
systems were constructed.
• Notable among these
developments is the
construction of underground
public water supply system
made of cast lead sections.
• The word “plumbing” came from
the word plumbum (Lead) which
is a commonly used material by
Romans on pipes.
The Baths of Diocletian (3,200 bathers)
• Public baths had proliferated.
• In addition, Roman bathhouses
also includes public latrines,
PLUMBING IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Birth of plumbing profession traced back into the 17th century as
Spaniards established Walled City known as Intramuros as a model
community
• In 1902, the plumbing trade was duly recognized by the government.
• Master plumber John F. Hass became the 1st Chief of Division of
Plumbing Construction
• Plumbing code based on US was implemented in the city of Manila
 GENERAL
INTRODUCTION ON
PLUMBING AND
SANITARY SYSTEMS
The major categories of plumbing systems
or subsystems are:
POTABLE COLD AND HOT TAP WATER SUPPLY
This supply may come from several possible sources.
• Municipal water supply
• Water wells
• Processed water from creeks, streams, rivers, lakes, rainwater, etc.

Domestic water systems have been evolving since people first located their homes near a running water
supply, such as a stream or river. The water flow also allowed sending waste water away from the
residences.
Modern indoor plumbing delivers clean, safe, potable water to each service point in the distribution
system.[citation needed] It is important that the clean water not be contaminated by the waste water
(disposal) side of the process system
• Domestic hot water is provided by means of water heater appliances, or through district heating. The hot
water from these units is then piped to the various fixtures and appliances that require hot water, such as
lavatories, sinks, bathtubs, showers, washing machines, and dishwashers.
DRAINAGE, WASTE
AND VENT (DWV)
SEPTIC SYSTEMS
• A septic system is a highly efficient, self-contained, underground wastewater treatment
system. Because septic systems treat and dispose of household wastewater onsite,
they are often more economical than centralized sewer systems in rural areas where
lot sizes are larger and houses are spaced widely apart. Septic systems are also simple
in design, which make them generally less expensive to install and maintain. And by
using natural processes to treat the wastewater onsite, usually in a homeowner's
backyard, septic systems don't require the installation of miles of sewer lines, making
them less disruptive to the environment
Rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage
• 'Surface water' is another word for rainwater – more specifically, rainwater that falls on the
ground, on roofs and roads, pavements and paths. And you might not realise it, but you could
be paying less for your water bills if surface water from your property doesn’t drain into any of
our sewers.

• Subsurface water Drainage

A subsurface drainage system consists of a surface or subsurface outlet and subsurface main
drains and laterals. Water is carried into the outlet by main drains, which receive water from the
laterals. Submains are sometimes used off the main drain to collect water.
FUEL GAS PIPING
 For their environmental benefit and sizable energy savings, hot
water heat recycling units are being installed in residential
buildings. Ecological concerns and water shortages have
increased interest in graywater recovery and treatment
systems.

Plumbing may also include hydronics, which involves heating

and cooling systems utilizing water to transport thermal
energy. The New York City steam system is an example of a
large district heating system.
 REFERENCES
• references:
- PLUMBING DESIGN AND ESTIMATE (SECOND EDITION) by: MAX B.
FAJARDO JR.