Name: ____________________________________ Class Period: ____________ Date: _________________

Module 4 (DE.2, DE.3, DE.5) – ANSWER KEY

Using a Space Management System While Interacting with Traffic
Directions: Answer the following questions or fill in the blank with the correct word/phrase from the Module 4 Presentation.

Topic 1: Assessing and Managing Risk

1. Driving Risk is the potential that a chosen action (e.g., speeding, texting, etc.,) may lead to an undesirable outcome.
2. Risk Acceptance involves: knowing potential for _______, hazards, and limitations. Knowing what the __________
and consequences could be.
3. Risk Compensation involves __________ potential errors, hazards or limitations present. Adjusting speed or lane
position to reduce likelihood of errors. Using appropriate communication to reduce likelihood of errors.
4. Factors the increase risk include driver __________, state of __________, and driving __________.
5. Risk assessment is the drivers ability to:
a. Identify a potentially dangerous __________.
b. Prepare to take action to __________ a conflict.
c. Consider options and the potential __________ of your actions.
6. __________ is the number one cause of crashes in Virginia.
7. __________ is the first response to avoid a collision but must maintain vehicle control.
8. Brake __________, avoid sudden inputs when steering, and execute one input at a time.
9. Failure to Yield Right of Way is the __________ leading cause of crashes in Virginia.
10. Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) is the __________ leading cause of crashes in Virginia.
11. Other Driver Actions that Contribute to Crashes: Disregarding a traffic sign or signal. Improper __________ -
Examples of improper turns would be turning wide and going into the adjacent lane in a right turn or crossing the
yellow line on left turns. Unsafe __________ - This involves illegal passing or passing without sufficient clearance,
and lack of driving experience and risk-taking behaviors.
12. Risk is always present, but remember; never risk __________ than you can afford to lose. Do not risk a lot for a
__________ and consider the __________ and your situation.
13. Drivers need visibility, space, and __________ to avoid conflicts and perform safe driving maneuvers.
14. You always strive to maintain a __________ or four-second following interval from the vehicle in front of you, and
create space to the sides and rear.
15. Prior to moving to the left or right, you check side view mirrors and mirror __________ spots.
Topic 2: Components of a Space Management System

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 16. Drivers must manage all __________ zones around the vehicle, and adjust position to maintain a safe margin of
space that provides room to steer in an emergency. The seventh zone is the one the car occupies.
17. __________ - Space where you can drive without restriction.
18. __________ - Space or area is not available in the vehicle’s path of travel.
19. __________ - Open zone changes to a closed zone or a closed zone becomes an open zone.
20. Evaluating your alternatives – Space Management
a. __________ second range — Immediate Action Required
b. __________ second range —Allows for Escape Routes
c. __________ second range to the target area — Safe and open path of travel
21. Controlling Space
a. __________ Second - Following Distance is effective at speeds under 35 mph.
b. __________ Second - Following Distance may provide enough time for evasive steering maneuver on dry
surfaces or to brake at speeds up to 45 mph.
c. __________ Second - Following Distance provides time to steer out of a problem on dry surfaces and
brake out of a problem at speeds up to 70 mph.
22. __________ Distance - The distance between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead, which gives you more space
between vehicles in case of an emergency. (Should be 3-4 seconds)
23. Stopping __________ another vehicle: You should stop in a position that you can see the rear tires of the vehicle in
front of you.
24. Managing Space to the rear check the rearview mirrors: regularly, before and while __________, while stopped in
traffic, before and after making __________ and before and after a lane change.
25. Space to the sides: Try to have __________ car width of space to one side of car at all times. Avoid driving next to
other vehicles on multi-lane roads.
26. When developing a visual lead you need to train your eyes to __________ the travel path ahead as far __________
as you can see.

Topic 3: Using the SEEit Space Management System

27. Using the SEEiT Space Management System: search, evaluate, execute in time.
28. Process for Managing the Driving Environment: search for problems, evaluate options, execute decisions, in time.
29. Where to search: mirrors, instrument panel and 20 to 30 seconds ahead.
30. When to search involves timing and direction of the search pattern. Requires consciously looking to determine
conditions around the vehicle before initiating any maneuver.

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 31. wwhat to search for: signs, signals and pavement markings, roadway characteristics, motorized vehicles, non-
motorized highway users.
32. Evaluate: Gives meaning to your search. Identifies where the possible points of conflict may occur. Determines how
the conflict may affect you if it does happen.
33. Executing: Carrying out your decision, what are you going to do and how are you going to do it. Adjust your speed,
adjust your position, and communicate your presence.
34. Execute In Time! Without proper searching and evaluating (decision making skills) you may execute the wrong
decision…

Topic 4: Moving the Vehicle

35. Before you move the vehicle make the proper adjustments: seat, steering wheel, head restraints, mirrors, safety
belts.
36. Moving Straight Forward: With right foot on brake and hands at 8 o’clock and 4 o’clock. Place transmission in drive.
Select a target and recheck traffic. Take foot off brake (do not accelerate). Straighten wheels if necessary. Move
straight towards target and accelerate slowly. Brake as you appraoch the target.
37. Many new driver’s first “fender bender” is a backing collision!
38. The rear “foot print “ is the area behind the vehicle that the driver cannot see from the driver’s seat.
39. Moving straight backwards you assume the “straight back” position by placing your left hand on the steering wheel
at 12 o’clock, looking over your right shoulder. Check traffic to front, sides and rear. Select a target. Gradually
release brake pressure to move slowly while covering the brake. Only accelerate if needed.

Topic 5: Turnabouts and Parking

40. Minimize Turnabout risk by:
 Being sure local laws permit a turnabout — look for any signs prohibiting the maneuver.
 Making sure you have at least 500 feet of visibility in each direction.
 Being sure you have enough space and time to complete the turn safely.
 Never making a turnabout near or on hills and curves.
 Checking continually for other traffic and pedestrians — check and monitor all zones around your vehicle.
41. Two-point turn (backing into a driveway on the right side): Check traffic flow. Signal, and position yourself 2-3 feet
from the curb. Drive beyond the driveway and stop; shift to reverse and monitor intended path. Back slowly, turning
the steering wheel rapidly to the right as you enter the driveway. Straighten wheels, centering car in the driveway,
and stop with the wheels straight. Signal left and exit driveway when the way is clear.

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42. Two-point turn (backing into a driveway on the left side): Check traffic flow. Signal, and position yourself 3-6 inches
from the center yellow line. When traffic is clear, drive into the driveway and stop. Shift to reverse, monitor intended
path. Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to the right as you exit driveway. Straighten wheels centering car

in roadway. Shift into Drive - Check traffic and accelerate to normal speed.

43. Three-point turns are also called Y - turns and are an option when no driveway is available, traffic is light, you
cannot drive around the block, or the available space prevents a U-turn – never attempt near hill or curve.
Remember, this is the most dangerous turnabout!
44. Three-point turn steps: Stop close to the right edge or curb. Search for a 20 - to 30 -second gap, signal a left turn.
Move slowly forward while turning the steering wheel rapidly to the left. When the front wheels are almost to the
curb, stop - Check traffic left and right. Shift the vehicle into Reverse and, while slowly backing up, turn the wheel to
the right. Shift into Drive - Check traffic - Signal your intent and accelerate to normal speed.
45. U-Turns at Intersections: When making a U-turn at an intersection, begin the U-turn in the left lane closest the
center line or median. Complete the turn in the lane farthest to the right in the opposite flow of traffic and accelerate
to the appropriate speed.
46. No parking allowed:
a. Beside another parked vehicle (double parking).
b. On curbs or sidewalks.
c. In front of driveways.
d. Next to painted yellow curbs or no parking signs.
e. In a parking space reserved for disabled persons.
f. On the hard surface of a road when no curb is present.
47. There is no parking:
a. Within 20 feet of an intersection.
b. Within 15 feet of the entrance to a fire, ambulance or rescue squad station.
c. Within 500 feet of where fire trucks or equipment are stopped answering an alarm.
d. Within 50 feet of a railroad crossing.
e. Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant.
48. Angle Parking (parking diagonally to the curb): Signal intention, position vehicle three to four feet away from the
space (as far as possible). Move forward until _________ view mirror appears to align with the first pavement line.
Visually target the middle of the space and move slowly turning the wheel sharply. Once front enters space,
gradually begin unwinding the steering wheel while monitoring the vehicles parked on either side.

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49. Exiting an Angle Parking Space: Place foot on brake, signal direction you are going to back, shift to Reverse,
search path of travel. Back until your vehicle’s front seat is even with the back of the space, and begin turning the
steering wheel in the direction you want the rear to go. Remember to monitor the front bumper on the opposite side
of the direction you are turning. Back into the closest lane; shift to Drive and move forward.
50. Perpendicular Parking (Entering): Signal intention and position the vehicle five to six feet away from the space.
Move forward until the side mirror appears to align with the first line of the space. Turn the wheel rapidly in the
direction of the center of the space controlling speed. Steer towards a target in center of the space and straighten
the wheels. Position the front bumper three to six inches from the curb or end of the space.
51. Perpendicular Parking (Exiting): Place foot on brake, signal direction of turn, shift to reverse, search area to the
rear/sides. Back until your side mirror is even with the _______ of the vehicle located to the side, begin turning the
steering wheel in the direction you want to go. Monitor the rear and your front bumper on the opposite side of the
direction you are turning. When the front bumper clears the back of the vehicle, stop, and shift to drive.
52. Parallel Parking on a two-way street: Select a space that is at least five feet longer than your vehicle. Flash your
brake lights, put on your turn signal as you approach the space, and monitor rear traffic. Place your vehicle
approximately three feet from the vehicle you want to park behind, aligning your rear bumper with the other
vehicle's rear bumper. Put the vehicle into Reverse and turn the wheels all the way to the right. Slowly back up
until you are at a 45 degree angle using your side view mirror, back until you can see the headlight closest to the
curb of the vehicle behind to establish the 45-degree angle. Stop. Turn the wheels all the way to the left. Slowly
back up while monitoring the right front fender until you are parallel with and within 6-12 inches of the curb.
53. Parking on a Hill:
a. Downhill parking (with or without a curb): Front tire rests toward the curb (if there is one)
b. Uphill with NO curb: Turn the wheels away from traffic. (towards the curb)
c. Uphill with a curb: Turn your wheels to the right (away from the curb).
Downhill Parking Uphill
Parking with NO Curb Uphill
Parking
with a
Curb

54. Don’t Develop These Bad Habits:

 Failure to constanly monitor traffic to the rear.
 Forgetting to signal.
 Parking too close to the stall lines.
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 Speed too fast for precise maneuvering.
 Steering insufficient or moving steering wheel too slowly.
 Failure to target center of the parking space.
 Not using forward reference point and hitting curb.
 Forgetting to straighten wheels at the end.
 Parking too close to other vehicles.
 Forgetting to set the parking brake.
55. Non-handicapped drivers are prohibited from parking in handicapped parking areas and may be fined ($100+) for
violations.