SAD – REVIEWER

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS Modeling
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - produces a graphical representation of a
concept or process that systems developers can
Information analyze, test, and modify.
- can be viewed as an organizational resource
 Business Model or Requirements Model
just as humans are.
describes the information that a system must
Systems analysis and design
provide.
- is a step-by-step process for developing high-
• Data Model describes data structures and
quality information systems.
design.
Information system
• Network Model describes the design and
- combines information technology, people, and
protocols of telecommunications links.
data to support business requirements.
• Process Model describes the logic that
System
programmers use to write code modules.
- is a set of related components that produces
Prototyping
specific results.
- tests system concepts and provides an
- term is derived from the Greek word
opportunity to examine input, output, and user
“Systema” which means an organized relationship
interfaces before final decisions are made.
among functioning units or components.
Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE)
Data
- also called computer-aided software
- consists of basic facts that are the system’s
engineering, is a technique that uses powerful
raw material.
software, called CASE tools, to help systems
Business profile
analysts develop and maintain information systems.
- is an overview of a company’s mission,
functions, organization, products, services, customers,
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS
suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future
Structured analysis – which is a traditional method
direction.
that still is widely used.
Business process
 Systems development life cycle (SDLC) - to
- is a specific set of transactions, events, and
plan, analyze, design, implement, and support
results that can be described and documented.
an information system.
Business process model (BPM)
 Data flow diagram (DFD) - it uses various
- graphically displays one or more business
symbols and shapes to represent data flow,
processes,
processing, and storage.
Internet-based commerce
Object-oriented (O-O) analysis
- is called e-commerce (electronic commerce)
– which is a more recent approach that many
or I-commerce (Internet commerce).
analysts prefer
Internet-based systems
Agile methods
- involve various hardware and software
- also called adaptive methods, which include the
designs, but a typical model is a series of Web pages
latest trends in software development. (2)
that provides a user interface
Enterprise computing
OTHER DEVELOPMENT METHODS
- refers to information systems that support
Two methodologies became popular: joint
company-wide operations and data management
application development (JAD) and rapid
requirements.
application development (RAD).
Transaction processing (TP)
- systems process data generated by day-to-day
4 PHASES
business operations.
Systems planning phase
- usually begins with a formal request to the IT
(1)
department, called a systems request, which describes
Business support systems
problems or desired changes in an information system
- provide job-related information support to
or a business process.
users at all levels of a company.
Systems analysis phase
Knowledge management systems (KMS)
- it’s purpose is to build a logical model of the
- are called expert systems because they
new system.
simulate human reasoning by combining a
Systems design phase
knowledge base and inference rules that determine
how the knowledge is applied.
- it’s purpose is to create a physical model that Business case
will satisfy all documented requirements for the - refers to the reasons, or justification, for a
system. proposal.
Systems implementation phase
- the new system is constructed.

Systems support and security phase

MODULE 4: MANAGING SYSTEMS PROJECTS
- the IT staff maintains, enhances, and protects
the system. Work breakdown structure (WBS)
- involves breaking a project down into a series
MODULE 2: ANALYZING THE BUSINESS CASE of smaller tasks.
Gantt chart
Strategic planning
- is a horizontal bar chart that represents a set
- allows a company to examine its purpose,
of tasks.
vision, and values and develops a mission statement,
- developed almost 100 years ago by Henry L.
which leads to goals, objectives, day-to-day
Gantt, a mechanical engineer and management
operations, and business results that affect company
consultant.
stakeholders.
Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
- was developed by the U.S. Navy to manage
Strategic planning starts with a management
very complex projects, such as the construction of
review called a SWOT analysis
nuclear submarines.
S - strengths,
Critical Path Method (CPM)
W - weaknesses,
- was developed by private industry to meet
O - opportunities, and
similar project management needs. (4)
T – threats
Critical path
- is a series of tasks which, if delayed, would
SWOT analysis
affect the completion date of the overall project.
- is a solid foundation for the strategic planning
process, because it examines a firm’s technical,
A task, or activity
human, and financial resources.
- is any work that has a beginning and an end
and requires the use of company resources such as
people, time, or money.
(3)
Time and cost
System Request
- estimates for tasks usually are made in
- the starting point for most projects is called a
person-days. A person-day represents the work that
systems request, which is a formal way of asking for
one person can accomplish in one day.
IT support.
An event, or milestone
- the main reasons for systems requests are
- is a recognizable reference point that you can
improved service to customers, better performance,
use to monitor progress.
support for new products and services, more
information, stronger controls, and reduced cost.
Feasibility study
- a systems request must pass several tests,
called a feasibility study, to see whether it is
worthwhile to proceed further.
4 CONCEPT OF FEASIBILITY STUDY
 Operational feasibility means that a proposed
system will be used effectively after it has
been developed.
 Technical feasibility refers to the technical
resources needed to develop, purchase,
install, or operate the system.
 Economic feasibility means that the projected
benefits of the proposed system outweigh the
estimated costs usually considered the total
cost of ownership (TCO),
 Schedule feasibility means that a project can
be implemented in an acceptable time frame.