DEFINITION AND FUNCTION OF PIPE

A pipe is a long, round, or hollow object usually made of metal or plasticto flow the
fluide with liquid or gas phase so fluide can flow.

PIPING SYSTEM
The piping system is a system used for fluid transportation between equipment
(equipment) from one place to another so that the production process can take place.
In the industrial world, the piping system is a very complex system, both in terms of
planning and construction. The piping system has a very close relationship with the
principles of static and dynamic stress analysis, thermodynamics, fluid flow theory to
plan the safety and efficiency of pipelines.

Types of Pipes Based on Material

1. plastic pipe: This pipe is often used as a water
channel for homes and high-rise buildings,
especially the type of PVC pipe. PVC (polyvinyl
chloride) pipe is durable and does not rust.
Besides being used to drain water, this pipe is
also often used for cable protection.

2. Steel pipe: This pipe is generally used to

drain energy sources, such as water, oil
and gas. In addition, this pipe is also
often used to drain various materials or
substances that are considered
flammable.

3. Iron pipe: Iron pipes are

also often used to drain
water, but only at cold
temperatures. In addition,
iron pipes combined with
stainless steel are often
used for construction
purposes. Because this pipe has enough strength to be able to withstand loads,
and the stainless steel in this pipe makes it not easy to rust.

DEFINITIONS OF TERM IN PIPING

DRY VENT – A vent that does not carry water nor water-borne waste.
ELBOW – A fitting normally used to allow a pipeline to make a turn or change in
direction.
 FITTING – Where sections or lengths of pipes are connected.
FIXTURE – A receptacle attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in
which water or waste may be collected or retained.
FIXTURE BRANCH – The supply pipe between the fixture and the distributing
line.
FIXTURE DRAIN – The drain extending from the trap of a plumbing fixture to a
junction of the drain with any other drain pipe.
FLANGE – A projecting collar, edge, rib, rim, or ring on pipe, shaft or the like.
FLUID – Any substance that flows
REDUCER – A fitting used to connect pipes of different sizes or diameters
together.
TEE – A T-shaped fitting with branch outlet at 90° to the main line.
VENT – A pipe installed to provide a flow of air to or from a drainage system or
to provide a circulation of air which in some systems protect trap scals from
siphenage and back pressure.

PIPE CLASSIFICATION
Pipe classification is divided into 3, namely:
1. Types of Pipes Based on the Material
Judging from the structure of the raw materials used in general, we recognize the
following types of pipes: Carbon steel pipe, Carbon moly pipe, Stainless steel pipe,
Duplex pipe, Galvanized Pipe, Nickel ferrous pipe, chrome moly pipe, PVC pipe,
HDPE (High Density PolyEthylene) Pipe. Besides that there is also type pipe from
ingredient special among other fiber, aluminium, wrought iron, copper, nickel copper,
inconnel, and red brass pipe
2. Types pipe Based on Process Making Process
Special for pipe with ingredient iron by general we know there is 3 type, that is:
 Pipe steel seamless: seamless pipes are used to carry high-pressure and high
temperature flows.
 Pipe steel welded: Pipe welded usually used only for Genre with temperature low
(low temperature).
 Pipe steel ductile: This pipe is commonly ued as a water supply infrastructure.
Material that’s is strong,has high durability,and is not corrosion resistant.
3.Types pipe Based on Uses
Types pipe Based on Uses is: water, oil, gas, steam, air, mud, drainage, and disposal
waste pipe. Also in world industry, pipe used for various function, among other piping
for generator power, industry oil and gas, process cooling, power nuclear
1. Ebow Fittings
Elbow is the first type of fitting, elbow is a piping component that
serves to deflect the flow direction. Like a bend when we are on the
road, the bend inevitably makes us turn direction when passing
through it, as well as the elbow which is in charge of deflecting the
fluid flow. The two most common types of elbows are 45 and 90
degrees. To obtain an angle other than the angle above, sometimes
the elbow is cut. Or it could be by using two elbows that are put
together to get a certain angle.

2. Tee Fittings
The tee in the fitting serves to divide the flow, is a fitting
connection that has branches. Usually this branch is the same
size as the main pipe, we call it a straight tee. Meanwhile, if it
is different, we call it a reducing tee. Like on the road, we can
analogize this tee as a T-junction. Speaking of T-junctions,
does that mean that not all of them have to be perpendicular,
right? True, there are tees that are not perpendicular, they form a 45degree angle. We
know it as a lateral tee, which is usually used for low pressure.

3. Reducer Fittings
Reducer, as the name implies, this type of fitting is in charge of
reducing (reducing) fluid flow. Reducing here is not like a valve,
but only the pipe size is reduced. So, this reducer will be tasked
with combining from a larger diameter to a smaller one, or vice
versa.

VARIOUS FACTOR THAT DETERMINED TO INSTALLING PIPING

SYSTEM
1. Water source and pipe size before installing plumbing channels
It is PAM's policy NOT to modify pipe sizes, so you may not change pipe sizes
that are different from PAM's requirements. PAM water that uses a 0.5inch pipe is
connected to a pipe installation in the house. For PAM water that is distributed to pipe
installations in the house indirectly (through the reservoir), it has a pipe from the PAM
meter to the reservoir measuring 0.5 inches. Meanwhile, the pipe from the reservoir to
the pipe installation in the house is to 1 inch in size. If the water source comes from
infiltration wells or groundwater, it is advisable to use a jet pump and the water is
channeled directly to the pipe installation in the house. The size of the pipe used
should be the same size, both the pipe connected to the water pump and the pipe that
discharges water in the house.

2. In one vertical line in high-rise buildings in particular

Especially high-rise buildings, you should also consider installing a more detailed
plumbing system. Rooms that require drainage should be placed in one zone. For
example, for the bathroom on the lower and upper floors, it should be designed in
exactly one vertical line. This vertical pipe installation aims to assist you in smoothing
water channels. However, the installation of bathroom pipes will also have a lot of
bends, so it requires a lot of connections. Plumbing systems with too many branching
connections are prone to leaks.
3. The color of the pipe matches the water line
The plumbing system does not only distribute clean water, but also distributes dirty
water and dirt. In order to be able to distinguish which pipes distribute clean water,
dirty water, and dirt, it is better to distinguish them according to color. Blue pipes to
drain clean water, gray pipes to drain dirty water, and black pipes to drain dirt. By
distinguishing the color of the pipe according to the flow, it will be easier to repair it if
at any time there is a problem with the plumbing line.

PIPING DESIGN SOFTWARE

Plate’n’Sheet is the industry's leading unfolding, flat pattern development
software for commonly used shapes used in the metal, plastics, HVAC and insulation
industries. Plate’n’Sheet is ready to use straight ‘out-of-the-box’ with minimal
learning required. It is used to make a pattern of pipe and design the piping system.