REVISED | Mastering Use of English B2 Exams Edition GEORGIA GRAHAM WITH ANNA JOHNSON B Burtington Booksi Use of English 82 Exams Edition by Georgia Graham 7” with Anna Johnson “Z j Burlington Books P.O. Box 54411 3721 Limassol Cyprus, : ‘Burlington Books issn imprint of Dans Books Lid. Acknowledgements ‘The publisher gratefully acknowledges the following for permission to use photographie material: Associated Press: page 75; Gety Images / Photodise: pages 112, 124, 132, 136, 148, 159, 1725 Image 100; page 76; IMS Communications Ltd. page 82; Nova Dev: Co. and Licensor: page 147: The Peace Corps: page 63: Reuter: pages 108 and 120; Royal National Lifeboat Institution: page 23; www.bigfoto.com: page 98, ‘The publisher has made every effort to contact the owners of copyright material which appears inthis book, and will be pleased to heur from any copyright holder who could not be located. All rights reserved by the publisher. No part of this publication may he reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or ‘transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise ~ without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN 978-9963-47-891-0 Copyright © 2008 Burlington Books 09 8765 43 2 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09INTRODUCTION jastering Use of English 82 Exams Edition is designed to consolidate and extend students’ knowledge ‘and vocabulary forthe B2-level examinations, The book has been revised to reflect the changes in the FOE is comprised of 28 aterating grammar and vocabulary units, 14 reviows, a glossary and four appencices. There ‘of exercise types leading up to exam practice for the FCE, ECCE and State (KP) exams. To help students, ‘and structures of special importance are highlighted, incicting that these words should be learned carefully ‘examination strategy tps are given throughout the book. ‘opens with a diagnostic test page which is intended to help students assess ther strengths and weaknesses. grammer units, the clagnostic testis followed by two pages of detalled grammar rules and a Common Mistakes “The units folow a comprehensive grammar syllabus, covering the structures testa inthe B2-level examinations. Jary units areal based on toples which commonly appear on exams at this level. The units practise topic ‘easily confused words, useful colocations and phrasal ves. ‘wo units, thare is a review with exercises in B2-level examination format. jowing can be found atthe back of the book: ‘of the vocabulary units containing English and Greek defiitions with example santences to show typical usage. deinions provided inthe glossary reflect the context in which the words and phases are used inthe ook. ‘appendices: Ist of regular verbs ‘comparison of Brtish and American English on prefixes and suffixes list of prepositions and prepositional phrases students and teachers enjoy using this book and wish students good luck in their examinations.CONTENTS age UNITY Grammar Present Tenses (active and passive): Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous 7 unit 2 Vocabulary Language and Communication 13 (REVIEW 1 TD) UNIT'3 Grammar Past Tenses (active and passive): Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Continuous; used to / would 19 UNIT 4 Vocabulary People and Relationships 25 (REVIEW 2 2) UNITS Grammar Future Tenses (active and passive): Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect Simple, Future Perfect Continuous; be going to, Present Simple, Present Continuous 31 UNIT'S Vocabulary Living Conditions, Services and Places 37 (REVIEW 3 41) UNIT 7 Grammar Prepositions of Time, Prepositions of Place 8 UNIT 8 Vocabulary Work and Employment 49 (REVIEW 4 53 ) UNIT 9 Grammar Modals, Semi-modals, Modal Pertects (active and passive) 55 unit 10 Vocabulary Education 61 REVIEW 5 65 ) UNIT 14 Grammar The Passive: Review of all Tenses; The Causative 7 unit 12 Vocabulary Sports and Other Free-time Activities 3 (REVIEW 6 77) UNIT 13 Grammar Relative Clauses 73 unir44 Vocabulary Entertainment and the Arts 85 (REVIEW7 89) UNIT 15 Grammar Conditionals, Temporals, wish 31 UNIT 16 Vocabulary Travel, Tourism and Transport 7 (REVIEW 8UNIT 17, Countable and Uncountable Nouns; Articles; Quantifiers PAGE 103 Grammar uniT 18 Vocabulary Shopping, Consumer Goods and Money 109 (REVIEW 9 113) UNIT 19 Grammar —_Demonstratives; itis / there is; Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives; Determiners: each / every, all/ whole, both, efther/nelther 115 UNIT 20 Vocabulary Food and Drink 21 (REVIEW 10 125) UNIT 21 Grammar Adjectives and Adverbs: Comparatves and Superatves; s0/ such 127 UNIT 22 Vocabulary The Media and the News 133 (REVIEW 11 137) UNIT 23 Grammar Indirect Speech 139 UNIT 24 Vocabulary The Weather and the Environment 145 (Review 12 : 149) UNIT 25 Grammar Gerunds, Infntives and Bare Infntves; be / get used to, would rather, its time 151 UNIT 26 Vocabulary Science and Technology 157 (REVIEW 13 161 UNtT 27 Grammar Connectors, Inversion 163 UNIT 28 Vocabulary Health and Fitness 168 REVIEW 14 173) GLOSSARY 176 APPENDICES Irregular Verbs 206 British and American English 208 Prefixes and Suffixes 209 Propositions and Prepositonal Phrases 21010 |.am always meeting my friends after school | always mest my fiends after school. | have been studying English for five years. |Lam studying English for five years, ‘Are you thinking of buying @ new car? Do you think of buying a new cer? ‘John hasn't come home already. John hasn't come home yet. ‘The house is painting at the moment. ‘The house is being painted at the moment. | believe thet he Is working abroad. | am believing that he is working abroad. Its the fist ime I've seen her since she got married. It's the fist time | see her since she got married. Dad's exhausted. He is working hard in the garden all day. Dad's exhausted. He has been working hard in the garden all day. He can't speak to you just now ~ he has a shower He can't speak to you just now ~ he’s having a shower. | have not seen them since they bought their new house. | have not seen them since they have bought their new house. Present Tenses (active and passive): Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous TEST YOURSELF u 13 4 15 6 18 19 Have you been waiting here long? ‘Are you waiting here long? (My sister has always been borrowing my Clothes without asking. (My sister Is always borrowing my clothes without asking oes this watch belong to rene? Is this watch belonging to irene? [A Do you want to speak to him now? ‘You want to speak to him now? ‘This is the first time I've gone to London, ‘This is the first time I've been to London. | know my bestfriend since 1996. | have known my bestfriend since 1995. My brother and | are going to the cinema rrext Friday night. My brother and | wil go to the cinema next Friday night. They have been owning @ house by the sea for several years, ‘They have owned a house by the ‘sea for several years. This summer we have gone to Paris. This summer we are going to Pari. 1A So far today, | have written three leters So far today, have been writing three letters.USE EXAMPLES PRESENT SIMPLE Active a. ahabitual action or a fact 1.90 to school evey morning bare infinitive + /es in Sed person’, a general truth To sun resin te east and sets singular inthe west. | work te ccs 6. with state verbs fisted below) I dont like sranberies. Do you work? 4. future (timetables / schedules) School ends an 1th June tis year Does she work? ‘My plane leaves at 8.00 a.m. pei weit @. narratives, sports. A boy walks into class and says I SPM, commentaries, jokes to the teacher He hicks the ball... a goat Passive: to stress the action rather than ‘The letters are defivered every week, a the agent : oe ore wad Here /there 25. Mere comes the bride ! present conmnuous There he 2 Active 2. an action in progress Fight now e is wring a novel $ am/is/are + verbxing atthe time of speaking 2 We are working b. anincomplete action stitin rm ving with my ltr athe moment, Hels working progress, usually temporary ‘Are you working? . an arrangement or plan for the She Is r ade Woraeg? c. See ph ie Is going on holiday next week. 2 rmnot working. : Itisn't working, 1d. action which happens very Tom is always dropping things. often, can be used to criticise ‘or complain (with always, forever, constantly) Passive to.stress the action rather than Luna is being served now. am / is/are being + past participle the agent } TIME EXPRESSIONS Present Simp always, often, usually, ceasionelly, sometimes, rarely heraly ever, scarcely, never, every week, twice @ year Present Continuous: now, right now, at the moment, today, tonight With a future meaning: this waok, naxt week, tomorow, soon, on Monday, next Saturday ‘STATIVE VERBS 1 Stative verbs refer to a state rather than an action and are usually not used in the continuous form. These verbs express: ‘senses: feel, hear, notice, see, smell, sound, taste ‘mental activities: appear, believe, consider, decend, doubt, expect, tes, forget, guess, hope, imagine, know, meen, mind, prefer, realise, recognise, remember, seem, suppose, think, understand possession: belong fo, have, own, owe, possess emotions: adore, desire, ashe, fear, forgive, hate, Ike, love, need, want, wish amounts: cost, equal, meesure, weigh 2 Some of these verbs have more than one meaning and can be used in the continuous form when the me: We have a small dog. (possess) Pm having lunch. (doing that activity) | think he’s @ terrible dancer. (my opinion) ing changes from a state to an activity in progress. This soup tastes delicious. (fact) I'm tasting the soup to $80 if i's ready. (doing that activity) ‘Now I see what you mean. (understand) '?m thinking of going out tonight (considering) She's seeing her doctor this afternoon. (meeting)Emin Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Active thas / have + past participle have worked. She has worked. Have you worked? Has he worked? haven't worked, She hasn't worked. Passive hhave /has been + past participle PRESENT PERFECT ‘CONTINUOUS: Active have / has been + verbting | have been working He has been working. Have you bean working? | Has he been working? | haven't been working. She hasn't been working Passive No passive form ‘TIME EXPRESSIONS Present Perfect Simple: ‘a, an action that took place at an Lnstatad time in the past, Dut Is sii relevant in the present 'b. an action that began in the past and continues up to the present (usually with for and since) «. for unfinished time periods 4. for an action that happened several times or repeatedly in the past with This /Itis the frst / second that ... and superlatives, to stress the action rather than the agent a. an action that began in the past and continues into the present with ‘an emphasis on the duration of that action (usually with for and since) b. an action that has just finished and is stil relevant to the present just, yet, already, ever, never, lately, recently, so far, always, for, since, how long Present Perfect Continuous: for since, a day, how long The following sentences contain mistakes commonly made by students. Rewrite them correctly. COMMON MISTAKES 1. Every weekend, we are visting our grandparents. 2. 1am studying English for five years. 3. Ihave three years to see my 4. Does your mother works full-time? 9. He stays with friends at the moment EXAMPLES We havo sean that fm. ‘She has already brought te food. They have worked here since 1997. ‘He has owned a car fortwo years. ‘haven't eaten anything at cay. J ave heard that joke several times. sone ofthe best fils (thal) "ve ‘ever seen, ‘The house has been sold. ‘They have been doing their homework for the lest tree hours. We have been cleaning the house al morning. Her hair is wet beoause she has been walking inthe rain.UNIT Grammar Practice ‘A. Complete the following paragraphs withthe correct form ofthe verb in brackets. . (you see) the new film at the local cinema yet? Everyone says (make) in a long time. Peter and I (3) (want) to se the film. You (4) -dpawent. $62. _ (not see) Peter fora long time, have you? Wel, he (5) of seeing the film on Wednesday evening, Tt (7) (start) at 8.30, 0 We (8) nnn AMR ANRRKING JC. at 8.15, Perhaps you'd like to come with us? Did you know that the continents of the earth (1) JN@W®..1oGEn..mENiNg. (move) for billions of years? This (2) TRANS. ‘mean) that the shape of the seas and the continents (3) i$. Changing. (change) all the time and will continue to change in the future. Scientists still (4) ..oe...undesst@nd (not understand) how this happens, but recent research (5) (give) them a great deal of useful information, 3. The police (1) AS. UB. packed. 12... just report) a serioys accident Jn the city centre. So far, 10 people (2) FRAME. DeN.. AED... (take) to hospital. Some (3) doing... ANRAKE 44. (treat) and others (4) Wine. esac been. teased. (aliady release). The police e \ avcident yet, but they (6) more information shortly B. Complete the following sentences with the correct time expression below. Use each time expression once only, already © aver * forever * just'* seldom * so-far twiee-e-week © always *-for= never © since © yet 1. We've . ANCE... seen that film so we don't want to seeit again. 7 2, ule goes to the health club MAIR, @.wREK on Mondays and Thursdays, Ve JEM, Hoard such nonsence! it's an absolutely crazy ideal Don't wake the baby! She's nc J$BRonnss Gone to sleep. 2 Have YOU AMEE ns SPOKEN tO a famous person? IMAM... been Interested in music and often attend concerts, 7 is very annoying! Jane is ....POCENER... forgatting where she's put things. . Suse's parents... SISA... go out inthe eveings because they Mish work very late, SO FAL,..uns today, Mrs Smith's secretary has typed three letters for her. 40. I've only been taking karate ctasses .... 408. « few weeks but I'm already quite good. 7 UR 3. 4 6. 6. They've... 7. 8 8 11. Hurry up! | can’t believe you haven't done this exercise. 12, Have you seen Tom ... SANE... his party last week?< own . Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the most suitable verb from the list below, active or passive, Positive or negative. teach. © forgive © tehe = pint © 200+ shidy = teed * aoe ‘This is my cousin Jude ~ he ..i§. Studying, history at university and he'll graduate next year. [A frst. didn't understand what he wanted, But ROW | nna his point. “Their house ASH. .beEN. gAINAEA... for years, Thay relly should do something about it sills ballet class .i8 being, aught... by an ex-prima ballerina, The pupils really look up to her. 7 {'m not inviting Kelly to my party because |. JKANGS..FONBNEN..... her for lying to me. | can't wait for tomorrow! My dad ....4$. AKIN. me to a football match! How long enn RE you . Be. WORKING... for the same company? ‘My favourite author is Jane Austen ~1 AME ERAD. an all of her books. <7) Exam Practice A. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, 1. ear that our examination papers 5. “What tie is Sue arivng?” and ate ready now. The bus». at 8 pum, and going to meet ‘a. ae being marked rer at te bus station” are marking a getsin have marked . has gotin ‘d._ have been marked does get in ating in 2. * soe the man inthis piture?™ Ye, Hos the man who robbed 6. Shehas not spoken to me sine we a. Ars you recognized tesch oer atthe library last week ‘00 you eoognze 2. were s22ing ©. Ayu recognizing beosaw / ©. You are recognizing ©. nave seen d._ have been seen 3, The photographs .... at the moment. You should ave them ln an nou 7. This the best pece of ave... onthe mater a, develop 2. lamrecehing . are developed b Ireeave ©. are being developed W ©. Lam being received &. have developed 0. Wve reoehed// 4 Wy ae you ot of eH a7, 8, They so t0 tum of te lights when they leave the oom, 2. Have you been runing 2. are never remembering b. Have you run b. remember never 6. Are you running ‘@. never remember @. Doyou nn &. have never remembered B. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the ward given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. TIP! remember that contracted forms (e.g, doesn't, don't) count as two words, 1. The ast tine Susan went to Brain was two years ago. not Susan .haS.N0b. been. 49...Brital... for two years. 2. This Is our frst time in an aeroplane. never We awe. never. been. 1 in an aeroplane before, aunr en 2 3. Itstarted to snow at six o'clock this moming. since It has.been. snawing..since, 4. What's the price of that camera, please? cost stsnsenannseus 8X 010k this morning. How much JOS. #18. CAMERA. CONT oo please? ‘5, The use of certain spray cans is polluting the atmosphere. by ‘The atmosphere i8.1o8ng. PORE... e.cnnsnsnnnnnnsinnnnnnnnn the Use of certain spray cans. 6. | haven't received my exam results yet. still | am. Sill. waiting.. 7. |ean't remember ever seeing such # good programme on TV. best ‘or my exam results. This is the best. programme: xe. ever... : . seen on TV. 8. We moved here 10 years ago. for We .hV6. been ng .hese. £91. 10 years. Read part of a leaflet about a music festival and fll in the missing words. Choose from among the words in the table bbolow by marking the corresponding letter. (There are four words you won't need and two you may use twice.) A been |B being | C has |D is E have | F do Gare | H for I J__during | K before | L often WORLDSONG MUSIC FESTIVAL ‘The Worldsong Festival has been around (1) .... 25 years and is now the top musical event of its kind. The festival (2)... normally held in June but has (3)... postponed this year because the venue is (4)... used for the European Student Games. This year’s Worldsong Festival (5)... taking place on the weekend of the 10th/11th of August. (6) ... the early 1970s, when just a few hundred spectators came each yea the event (7) se grown enormously, and this year more than 30,000 people (8) .. expected to turn up. Whether you area regular at Worldsong, or have never been (9) wn» it is sure to be an experience to remember! A varied programme (10) .... been put together, including performances by blues singers, African rhythm bands, Irish dancers and folk singers from South America, Tickets are available at major record shops or by post. A two-day ‘pass costs just £30, and includes parking or transfer by bus from Fridley Station. OPEN GLOZE Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. MOVING HOUSE I think one of (1). .- most difficult things to do is to move house, particularly when you have @). somewhere all your life. As well as leaving your home, you also have the problem of packing everything (3) swe OWN into boxes. You don't realise how much you have until you have to pack itall up! We (4) oo moving house in about two weeks’ time, so L know what I'm talking about! My father (5) found a new job in another town about 100 kilometres from here. He has 6) looking for an opportunity like this (7) a long time so the whole family agreed that we should move. Our house is (8) sold, and my parents have (9) found us a new one. It is much bigger than the one we live in (10) sven the moment, My sister and I will have our own rooms, which T'm glad about because she has been annoying me lately. She is, a) borrowing my clothes without asking me. She isn't very enthusiastic about moving, but Tim quite excited about it, and T don't (12) Pll mind living in a new town,Vocabulary Language and Communication TEST YOURSELF << Complete the sentences with the correct form of a word befaw. There are more words than you need. ‘Make sure you understand all the words in the vocabulary boxes, not just the correct answers. FORMS OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION accuse argue contact excuse interrupt protest admit chat criticise express interview regret advise communicate declare gesture object threaten announce complain discuss get across persuade warn apologise confess exclaim grumble pronounce whisper 4. ttyou don't. _. 8 word properly, people may not understand what you are trying to say 2 She for coming 20 late. Sho was sorry che had kept us waiting 3, We weren't satisfied with the service in the restaurant so we to the manager. 4, His father . to stop his pockst money ithe didn't start helping in the house. 5. My brother sme of breaking his MPS player, but | dirt do it 6. Ris iMpOIHE 10 aesssssnsnne POOPIO When they are in the middle of a conversation. 7. i'give you my mobile phone number in case you want to re wile I'm out 8. They realy sommes MO Coming to the party. They are sory they missed it 9. “What a greet idea!” she 40. They because they didnt want snyone to hear what they were saying, 1. We really un cnn 0 Being Weated so unfaiy 42. He always finds fault with people and ‘everyting they do. 13, She for us to take our seats. 14, The teacher us not fo be late for morning assembly. DESCRIBING LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION bilingual expresive foreign native oral conversational fluent multilingual noisy talkative 15, 16. The language, you can communicate with people from another country. part of the exam is often harder than the written part 17, Elizabeth is... . She grew up speaking both French and Russian. 18, Allan speaks Spanish very hesitantly. He would lke to be more ins 19, Mary's Gorman is excellent ~ she sounds just lke & . Speaker 20. John doesn't say much but his sister is the opposite ~ she's very ‘Check your answers with your teacher. How many of them are correct? 0-6: Start studying! 7-9: Try harder! 10-12: Quite good! 13-15: Good! 16-20: Excellent! 13wre 4 2 Vocabulary Practice riy" ‘A. PHRASAL VERBS Circle the correct phrasal verb with get to complete the following sentences. While | do the shopping, you can get over to / away with / on with your work. Wet to gry / aay /t0 in frog county yeu don agen he ngage, Fun sich had angge tans realy geting mot by / down. Hethougthe woul get downto / away wih / oto oping nthe exe, buh dn’. Chueh Fen eh ari, hy Wil gatewer to / down toon 0 work You promised o came aloe wt ty Spansh nomen, Don yo gatoutat/ up tno you wate gat on/In/ away rc fda goos es, knowing a orlgn ngage can be nt advantage. John's parents won't let him go to summer schoo! but | think he'll got on / over / out the disappointment quickly. B, USEFUL COLLOCATIONS AND EXPRESSIONS Complete the following sentences with the words below. You will need to use some of the words more than once. have © inlo * make * voice © up * get * excuse » tell * clue » tongue * over 1. Why are you shouting at the top of Your ...-..--n.nu 7m standing right beside you. 2. He's very nervous. He's boon asked to... «8 speech at his nephew's wedding. 3. I didn't. the point of what she was trying to say. Did you understand her? 4, There's so much noise in the room that | can't hear you. Please speak .. é 5, Pllleave my phone number on the notice board in case you need 0 rnin iM touch with me. 6. It was a difficult subject to expiain, but he managed to himeelt understood very wal 7. Please don't raise your voice to me. | don't want to... ‘an argument about this. 8. She's only three years old; she may have a watch, but she can't... the time yet. 9 Thaven'ta ... ‘wit the answer to your question is. Maybe Mark can help you. 10. Some people find it easy to... ‘conversation; | find It quite hard. 11. don’t believe he was ill yesterday. He's just making an nai 12. Ifyou have a problem, talking ft ......::n:m with someone often helps. 13. We ‘along conversation evary time we meet. 14. Please lower your Everyone can hear you. 18. She talked us oo going with het. 16. Don't waste time on unnecessary details. ow to the point 17. You should always be truthful tis wrong to ale. 18. The name of the shop is on the tip of my but | just can't remember ft now. C. WORD FORMATION Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word given. ‘These instructions are in Italian. Could | have an English. + please? TRANSLATE 2. Students of a foreign language need to improve their... 125 well as ACCURATE ‘tying to speak with a degree of FLUENT 3. itis important to learn the correct . of anew word. PRONOUNCE 4, The gil in the class are very but the boys are much quieter TALK 5. What she did was wrong. | expect an. - from het APOLOGISE 66. Please turn off all mobile phones during the meeting. We don't want an INTERRUPT 14[ees EASILY CONFUSED WORDS Circle the correct answer. 1. I was born in italy so my mother language / tongue / speech is itallan, When he went into the room, they were all discussing / talking / telling the latest news. ‘My best friend has moved to another town, but we still contact / get in touch / keep in touch. | could tell he was uncomfortable from his body gesture / language / sign, sim giggled / mumbled / grumbled at the price of the cinema tickets, ‘Susan refused / denied / rejected to listen to what Ben hadi to say. ‘The technician gave them lots of news / Information / informations about their new computer Let me give you some advlees / adviae / advice. 9. | sald / warned / threatened him never to do that again. 10. We mentioned / informed / told the concert to Peter, but he didn't seem vary interested in going. 11. Its not my fault / blame / wrong you forgot the appointment, Don't fault / blame / wrong me. 42. | agreed / agreed to / agreed with help hor translate the article into French. She agreed / agreed to / agreed with everything thal | suggested. Exam Practice KEY woRD ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word siven, TIP! cow torget to use the key word. He said he was sory that he had told so many lis, apologiced He = soon 80 many es. 2. Welty to phone eur cousins regulary, touch Wie try 0 - Our cousins by phone. 3. You wil have to help us tidy up. get You can't 2 helping us tidy up. 4. Because they were arguing, I left the room. argument er «Heft the room, '5. When | went into the room, the political situation was under discussion, about Wha | went into the reom, they «the pola! stution. 6. [finally agreed to go to the concer with John. persuaded John finally . 7. She was shouting very loudly and waving her hands in the air, voice ‘She was shouting at. onsen 8. You can contact me by e-mail f you want. Here's my address. get to the concert with him, sw and waving her hands in the Vl glve you my e-mail address so that you can .. me, 15wre a 8. Below is some information about the languages spoken in Europe. Some words are missing. Decide what they are. Choose from among the words below by marking the corresponding letter. (There is one word you won't need and ‘one you may use twice.) A themselves |B foreign © native [D. tongue E get F speak G conversation | Hl multilingual | 1 communicate | J tell LANGUAGES IN EUROPE ‘Did you know that there are currently 23 official European Union languages? A recent survey has shown, that nearly half of Europe is already (1) ..... ~ 569 of European citizens can hold a (2) .... in more than one language. Here are some details: ‘English is the number-one language ~ only 13% of the EU population (3) (A) uu but a further 38% know enough to (5) ..... by in everyday situations. ‘The language that has the greatest number of (6) ..... speakers is German, but only 14% of Europeans speak it a5 2 (7) nu language. 4 People in Luxembourg are the most likely o be fluent in more than one language, followed by Slovakia and Latvia, where more than nine out of 10 people can easily make (8)..... understood in another language. People in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Italy are the least likely to speaka (9) ... language ~ more | than half are not able to (10)... in another language. itas their mother [ | | | | | | | | | | C. MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE Read the text below and decide which answer, A, B, C or D, best fits each space. GOOD COMMUNICATION ‘Throughout our lives, good communication is the key to success, In our personal relationships, we need to be able to get our ideas and feelings (1) and to understand what others are trying to tell us, Parents and children need t0 (2) su things without (3) wm arguments all the time. ‘Communication is important in other areas of life too; if we can't (4) . ‘ourselves understood at work or at school, how are we going to manage? At work, if your colleagues feel they are being (5) .... oF told what to do, ‘they may complain. Some might do more than (6) ... they may even (7) sna to cooperate. If you want £0 (8) mu in business, you need the ability to (9) . you are selling, As well as choosing words carefully, i’s important to understand that we (10) ‘other ways too. Ninety percent of the impression we make on others depends on things like body (11) saw» thers into buying what ourselves in appearance and (12) and only 10% on what you are saying. We ean all benefit from knowing more about ‘good communicati 1 A up B away © across D down 2. A discuss B talk speak D chat 3. A making B having © doing D_ getting 4. A have B do © make D. speak 5. A objected B advised © complained D criticised 6 A. grumble B mumble © warn D siggle A deny B regret C refuse D threaten A get out of B geton C getto D getover A talk B tell © say D_ persuade 10. A exclaim B admit © express D_ impress 1. A signs B_ language © tongue D_ gesture 12. A point B advice © noise D voice 16Review 1 ‘A. OPEN GLOZE Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. CAN ANIMALS TALK? ‘There are many films with talking animals in them, and many people claim to be able to understand what their cat ‘or dog is trying to tell them. Some animals can be taught to use words. Parrots (I). example, ean learn to repeat things like their names but researchers (2) till studying them to discover if they really know (3) they are saying. In general, scientists believe that the way humans use langusge to get (4) what they mean is unique, Animals use many different ways to communicate basic ideas ‘bees do a complicated dance to show other bees where to find flowers, and nearly all animals use movements 6 gestures for communication, But the way people use words (6) different. We use sounds (7) mean specific things, and we can put together any meaning we want from (8) a sounds we make. The noises which are made (9). aaninoals, such as bird calls cor dog barks, can only express (10) su few general ideas. The noise warns the others that ay is danger, but they cannot express what the danger is or say what to (12) about it, B, KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS Complete the second sentence so that ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 41. We've never been to Canada before, time This is the fist 2 minis 10 Canada. 2. Terry has a bad habit of not telling the truth, end it relly annoys me. always. ery : F : les, and it really annoys me. 3. My fiends managed to persuade me to go climbing with them. into My fiends * + elimbing with them. 4, What is his opinion of his new French teacher? think What e .- his new French teacher? 5. They are talking about the plans for a new language school today. discussed ‘The plans for a new language schoo! . 6. She came to live here in 1995. tiving today. SHO we sme . 1998, 7. When did you frst meet Charles? long How 2 . vines Oheatlae? 8. Helen is recovering from a recent ilness. getting Helen . c a recent ilness. 710, “What musieal instrument...” “The guitar 8. is playing your brother does play your brother does your brother play plays your brother “Jennifer, have you made any vacation plans yet?" “Woll... of going abroad.” a. 'mthinking I think ©. ve thought | would think His car broke down yesterday. It... in the garage. repairs bi Is repaired GIs repairing d._ le being repaired . We have been welling for you... 15 minutes, a. aleady b. solar &. for since: How long ... this house? a. have you owned b. are you owning, @. do you own d._have you been owning So far this month, three important speeches by the president. a. are making b. are being made . have made d. have been made "Would you like to see a movie tonight?” {can't |... finished my homework yet.” don't have haven't am not ide't ao ce ‘Tom is very tired. He ..... hard recently. a. has been working bb. was working fs working works | hope you'r listening and i. has tasted W 1 13, 14 18, 18. 17 18. 19. Sue .... for forgetting Jane's letter a. complained b. regretted c. excused d. apologized He had great difficulty in... what he wanted to say. ‘a. getting on b. speaking up getting across d._ taking over They... 10 tell us what thay knew about the matter a refused b. denied ©. objected rejected ‘The principal... the class to talk tothe students, a. Interviowed interrupted mentioned 4. exclaimed Her name was on the couldn't remember it. a end b. top ©. edge d. tip ‘When you learn a new word, lear how to spell Hand HOW 20 sane it a. pronounce b. announce: © express d. sound ‘of my tongue, but She... to tel his parents wat he had done. a. warned b. contacted c. threatened persuaded Mark is studying a. expressive b. orl © fiuent d._ conversational never satisfied, He's ‘gesturing ‘grumbling ‘whispering, declaring fondPast Tenses (active and passive): Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Continuous; used to/ would TEST YOURSELF Road the pairs of sentences below and circle the sentence which is correct. AMPLE: AI was seing avery god fim lest week I saw avery good tm ast wee. | did't sloop wet at al last night. 47) A By ne time tney arrived, all the B | wasn't sleeping well at all last night. preparations had been made, B By the time they arived, athe 2) A When | went into the living room, my preparations had made. father was watching TV When I went into the livingroom, my @ 4 Ho was stung Engich fortwo years father etched Ty won he fst wert to Britain, B He had bosn studying English fortwo A Were you going swimming every cay years when he frat went to Bran, alter schoo! last month? B Did you go swimming every day after ‘A After they had! done the shopping, they Rote had stated o prepare the meal B Alter they had done the shopping, they @ 4 Write was cesed the roa, isa state to prepare the mel mraosibrt B While | was crossing the road, | saw (14 A His clothes were wet because he had sn acelert been wag the rn ; Bs lathes were wet because he walked {5} A I didn't mean to upset her; I'm sorry in the rain. about 1 waar neaing to upset he; 4B) Unitne eved trey were ready. sony shout Byte sve ba aved; they wocn ad GA During the interview, al his answers [A | used to have short hait; now it's long ‘were recorded for a radio programme. B | was used to have short hair; now it's long © Dung the nero als answers “ were recording for a ado programme 1 we woud ven ama tat 8 Wie used toe na aa fa A nen Hooked ou of ho window, the thy wes bbe andthe sun shove, 6 40.01 antrng now te other day? B-When ! looked out of the window, the B Has Julie bought anything new the other day? thy wae bh and th sn washing, 7 @ 4 Tey 0d 0 got the cna evry wook BB) A | cia hoow that he had it 1 They woud to othe ciara very wea B lt know that helt i @ 4 The tty had frisned eating betore [A We were phoning him immediately we arrived. 1B We phoned him immediately B The family has finished eating before we arrived. (FO) a They dict use to eat late B They did't used to eat late 19PAST SIMPLE Active versed (except iregular verbs) worked. Did you work? He didn't work, Passive was / were + past participle PAST CONTINUOUS Active was / wore + verb ting | wae working. : ‘We wore working. ‘Was he working? ‘Were you working? | wasn’t working, They weren't working. Passive was / were being + past participle TIME EXPRESSIONS Past Simple: used to / would FORM used to + bare infinitive Negative didn’t use to / never used to Question Did you use to... ? would + bare infinitive (not usually used in negative and ‘question forms) Past Simple, Past Continuous ‘a. a completed action thal took place at a definite time in the past ‘several actions in the past which happened one after another the main events in a narrative to stress the action rather than the agent 1. an action in progress at a specific time in the past 'b. two incomplete actions taking place at the same time in the past ce. an action in progress (Past Continuous) interrupted by another action (Past Simple) 4d. background to @ narrative to stress the action rather than the agent USE can only be used in past tense ~ replaces Past Simple a, an action that happened reguierty in the past but no longer happens b. a past state or situation past habits or repeated actions (only used to can refer to past states) For Information on be used to and get used to, see Unit 25. He lett home to years 200. He got up, washed and went downstairs. He kissed her and asked her to marty im, The book was published in Novernber. ‘AL 8.00 p.m, fast right, fas doing my homework, Tm was listening to the raclo while Sam was reading a book Tho children were chatting noisily when their teacher entered. We went into the garden. The birds were singing. The tents were sti being put up when we arrived. ‘Remember! We don’t use the continuous form when a verb refers to a state, not an action. (See Stative Verbs, Unit 1,) ago, yesterday, last week, in 1963, in Novernber, when, the other day 2 Past Continuous: yesterday, at five o'clock, as, while ‘used to play tenis, ut I don't Ihave the energy now. Did you use to have a garden when you were a child? ‘She would always sleep with te window openGB ms Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Continuous FORM USE EXAMPLES: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE Active an action that happened before another They had moved house before we had + past participle ‘action or perio of time inthe past rived inte neignbouroa Setar wees 8 the tno laid, everyone oe Had she worked? ‘rad gone home. ‘had no sone got to work than We hadi worked. ee Passive had been + past participle to stress the action rather than the agent ‘Te apple had been eaten, PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Active a. an action which started before another had been reading for an hour had been + verbsing action inthe past and was si in when the dorbel ag. ‘She had been working. progress atthe tie ofthe second ection Hed she been working? an action that had ust iished al is ands were ty because he ‘We hadn't been working. particular time in the past but was still ‘had been working in the garden. relevant at that time (see Present Passive No passive form: Perfect Continuous) NOTE ‘We can often use Past Simple instead of Past Perfect when the time expression ( makes it clear which action happened first. After she (had) finished lunch she took @ nap. ‘TIME EXPRESSIONS. Past Perfect Simple: by the time, aftar, before, whan, as soon as, already, for,n0 sooner... than Past Perfect Continuous: for since, al night / week / aftemaon COMMON MISTAKES The following sentences contain mistakes commonly made by students. Rewrite them correctly. 1. Last winter they were going ‘ing every weekend. 2, Asa child | would love ioe ersam, but today | hate it 3, Itwas raining heavily when we were leaving the house. 44, She hadh't to see him for years. '5, He was working there for two years when he moved offices. 6. The old house hadn't been painting for years.A 22 mm Grammar Practice Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use past tenses. (start) to rain. - leave) the office, (meet) our aunt, who 1. While we ss (play) tennis yesterday, i. 2. The report sossssnsnnnns (Complete) before We 3. Aswo leave) the shop, we (invite) us to dinner. 4. By the time my mather sessnneee (@OMM) HOMME, WE vn (tidy up) our room, 5. He (talk) to his friend for several minutes when his brother (ative) anc . (interrupt) their conversation. 6. By ths tie nnn (wake up), the ran . [stop) and the sun _ (shine) again. Complete the following sentences with the correct time expression below. Use each time expression once only. There are more words than you need. stil © the other day * ago * for « since * bythe time » already © until © while \we realised our mistake, we had driven 20 km in the wrong direction. 2, We couldn't use the swimming pool because ft WAS nnn being repaired 3. You'll never guess who | saw ..~ our old maths teacher! 4, Fifty years «nobody had personal computers in their homes. 5. ead my book .. | was waiting for my dctor’s appointment. 6 ‘Simon's mum was angry because he had been playing computer games he got home from school ‘Complete the following paragraphs with the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1, Ib was the first time that Harry (1) excited. When the suiteases (2)... (ever fly) in an aeroplane and naturally, he was very (pack), he and his family (3) (set off) for the airport, Harry's parents liked travelling and they used (4) wn quite often, so they (5) after he left his house, Harry (6) . (buy) before he (8) (read) his magazin for an hous when lanch (10) (go) abroad (always wear) comfortable clothes for such journeys. Two hours the aeroplane, reading a magazine which he . (board) the plane, He (9) (serve), Last Saturday; my friend and I (1) (decide) to go shopping in town. Once we @ sone (arrive) in the city centre, we (3 .- (go) straight to the new music shop, which (4) . (open) bya locl singer's few wes before. We (5) (try) for a few days to find the time to go there and we (6) vnenom aot be) disappointed. There ‘was a wonderful selection of CDS in the shop, and we both (7) (spend) an enjoyable hour there before we (8) (have) lunch, ‘Complete the following sentences with the correct form of used fo or wouic. You may need to use the negative, ‘There may be more than one correct answer. 4. Sam a be in my class at school but he moved a year ago. 2. My brother... like Chinese food but now he tikes it very much 3, When we were young, our cousins spend the weekends with us, 4, My grandmother . often tel us about her life when she was a git. 5. ‘90 to the beach a lot when you were a child? 6 « know this area very well but it has changed a lot.E im = : E, Read the text below and decide which answer, A,B, G or 0, best fits each space. GRACE DARLING MUSEUM ‘The Grace Darling Museum (1) ... by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1938 in memory of a young heroine who (2) ..« famous exactly 100 years earlier. Grace Darling (3) .. in a lighthouse with her father on a tiny rocky island in the North Sea. She (4) ... him keep the lighthouse working and (5) «na watch for sailors in trouble. She was just 22 years old when, on 7th September 1838, a ship (6) une onto the rocks ina storm. She helped her father row a tiny boat out to the wreck to rescue nine survivors. People at the time were amazed that a young woman could show such strength and courage, and portraits (7)... showing her battling against wind and waves, her hair lying behind her: The museum contains various items belonging to Grace and the boat which (8)... in the famous rescue. 1. A. was established B had established C established 2 A has become B_ had become © was becoming 3. A haslived B_ wastlived © lived 3 4. A used to help B_ was helping © had been helping 5. A wasabso keeping B_ would also keep C_was also kept 6 A ran B. used to run © had run 7. A were painting B_ painted were painted 8. A. would use B was used © was being used Exam, Practice _ A. KEY WORD ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. TIP! wake sure your answer does not include any unnecessary words. White only 2-5 words. 41. tha to tidy my desk before | could get down to work. unt |eouldn't get down to work 2. Jennifer never foqgot her mother's ais at Jennifer... «my desk. van her mother’s birthday. 3, An allan drove the winning car in the race. by “The winning car in the race 7 an talian. 4, The postman arived in the middle of our breakfast. while ‘The postman arrived se breakfast. 5. I hadn't finished checking my test when the examiner told me to stop. stil ' = 6. Allan studied hard all day so he was very tired that right. because a» My test when the examiner told me to stop. ‘lan was very tired that night : hard all day. 7. The boys often played football ater school. would The boys «. . : after school. THis the ove where ted when vas 8boy. used This isthe house where - Lwas a boy. 23‘onrs Cama B. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. They .... on our street for several 6. “Why did they lower their voices?” weeks when | first met them. “They obviously didn't want me to hear a. wee living what. b. have lived Was being discussed . tied b. discussed d._ had been living ©. would discuss 4. wete discussing 2. When George... at the bus stop, his friends were already there. 7. "What... between 9.00 and 10.00 last a. antived right?” the policeman asked b. had arrived ‘a. were you doing was arriving b. had you done dd. was arrived c.have you done d. were you done 3. Sandra looked in her bag and discovered that her wallet 8. “Did you understand the book?" a. was stolen *No, not ... had read the translation.” had been stolen a. since chad stolen b. yet d. stole until &. while 4 to him immediately after the interview, 9. The first airplane... by the Wright 2. had been written brothers in 1903. b. were writing ‘a. was fying ©. wrote b. was flown di. were written ©. flew ._ had flown 5. "Why did the boss send Linda home yesterday?” 10. Henry was out of breath because Because She wna. h.t fhe sa t0 catch the train &. was looked a ran b. had looked 6. had been running c.has been looking c. was running looked di. used to run ©. OPEN CLOZE Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space, Use only one word in each space. TIP! remember to read the whole text carefully before you start. A BIRTHDAY SURPRISE Generally Janet (1) . .- get home at about 6.30, but that evening she got home later than expected because she had missed her usual train, The house was very quiet and in total darkness; obviously nobody else had come home (2) an. She had been in the house for only afew seconds @) she heard a slight noise in the living room and she (4) there, wondering what to do. (5) she was trying to find the courage to go (6) .. .. the living room and see what was happening, she (7) Janet went in. Suddenly the lights (8) .- someone laugh quietly, and then there was silence again. Finally, . . switched on, Her farnily and all her friends were in the room, singing “Happy Birthday” A surprise party had (9) ....mm.nu Organised for her! Everyone had been sitting in the dark living r00M (10) menses at hOUF, Waiting for her to come home. They all (11) a ‘wonderful time at the patty. Janet had not (12) to celebrate her birthday, so the whole evening was a real surptise for her, 24Mtr] Ea People and Relationships TEST YOURSELF Complete the sentences withthe correct form of a word below. There are more words than you need. ‘Make sure you understand all the words inthe vacabulary boxes, not just the correct answers. RELATIONSHIPS adolescent bridesmaid ex-wife niece separated adopt couple father-in-law only child single adult divorced fiancée orphan stepfather bride engaged infant relative widow Here's a photo of my friend Jim's wedding. I was best man. As you can see, there were lots of guests, as Fir fas a ot of (1) seenenernnense and most of them came. I'm standing between the 2) (Bridget) and Jim’s new (3) (Bridget’s dad). Bridget’s parents are (8). swith his (5) 6) ‘but Greg has just got (8). and her father has since remarried, but luckily he still gets on well, +80 they both came to the wedding, Bridget is an » but Jim has two brothers: Tom, on the tights still (7) . and is planning his wedding for the summer. That's his, 9) standing next to him. Bridget’ little cousins, Sally and Donna, were (10) ere -vww+ Don't they look cute? APPEARANCE bald complexion feature middle-aged pretty straight beard elderly freckle ‘moustache slime wavy 11, ttyou havea pale + you must be careful not to get sunburnt, 12, My fathar is in his mid-ffias. | guess you could call him 13. A fow years ago he had thick black har, but now he's completely 14. We generally say that boys are good-looking, but gis are. 15, Women should wear make-up to emphasise their bast PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS conscientious enthusiastic hospitable obedient self-centred sympathetic considerate faithful independent outgoing stubborn tactful 16, Itwasn't very... . of you to tell her that her new hairstyle doesn't suit her! 17, His nephew is a very person. He cares about other people's feelings and wishes. 18, I told her my problem but she wasn't very - «student; he ahvays does his homework and works hard. 19, Paul isavery.. 20, Steven's parents are Very wn .. They are always inviting people to their house. ck your answers with your teacher How many of them are cortect?™ Se yee eee cee 16-20: Beolett 25our ’ gi Li y Vocabulary Practice A. USEFUL COLLOCATIONS AUD EXPRESSIONS Complete the following sentences with a suitable word. 1. My brother isa fendly person. He sms friends very easily. 2. Denise's children are very noisy ~ don't know how she puts with them, 3. I'd like to introduce you to Pamela. She is @ close sons OF MN. 4. | don't know what's wrong with my sister today. She's... 1 bad mood. 5, George is sharing a flat with another student, They ge cn: Wall 6. Jim's parents divorced meny yeers ago and tie grew up in a single-parent... 7. Im not sure how old Mr Lewis is ~ probably sn his early thirties. 8. They had a bad quarrel a few days ago, but they've now made and are friends again, 9. She HOOKS @ [Ot snnsnnssnne HOF Mother, but her sister resembles her father more. 10, Margaret and Allan... sus HO HOVE 27d GECISED 10 onnsnsnsosmone Martied a few months later. 8. PHRASAL VERBS Complete the following sentences with the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs with bring. bring about * bring dovm bring in = bring out bring back = bring off » bring on bring up |. When he saw his old house again, it 1 memories of his childhood. 2. She took on extra work three evenings a week, but it only a vw few pounds. 3, Jane's new boyfriend has ‘complete change in her behaviour 4. They'Ve St nnn a new digital camera which is excellent 5. The government is trying very hard to the rate of inflation 6. It wasn't an easy thing to do, but | was sure she would... it 7. She has . her children to be very independent. 8. Her ines WS sn. by stress at work, ©. ADJECTIVES Complete the following sentences with the correct adjective below. flexible * rude * pessimistic * ambitious * generous © setfish introverted Pat has an optimistic attitude to life. She doesn’t believe in being... uth is stubborn. She should learn to be mare ‘Tom is very outgoing but his brother is Linda only thinks about herself; she's go... ‘Simon is mean whereas his friend Alex is quite (Mark is not interested in doing wel in life but his cousin is Sam is not a polite child. His behaviour is very D. EASILY CONFUSED WORDS Circle the correct answer. 4. I'don't like wearing bright colours. They don't fit / suit / match me. ‘Aiter Susan's parents broke up, her mother brought her up / grew her up / brought her out alone. Sophia looks after / takes after / agrees with her grandmother ~ she has the same looks and personality. Her parents are celebrating their anniversary today. They have been married / got married / married for 25 years, 5. Although the twins, Sue and Ann, look exactly alle, each one Is single / alone / unique in her own way. 26we, E. PREFIXES Complete the following sentences with the negative form of the word in bold. Choose from the prefixes un-, im-, in-, dis- and ir-. ieee e See ee mea fe aspen gies ie oc * irae pesado tn ak eS Realeonerde bs delice Tbe cmos owes in ig EH People who tell lies are ......honest. Fe tateoat tee. Sener F. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES Complete the following paragraph with the adjectives below to form compound adjectives. You will need to use two ofthe words twice, short + well good + brand * hard © easy fair © tight * hall * blue Sa] Jfrey Sanderson 19-year-old who ies in «small own outside London. He hasa very plnsnt_ | | personality and he i also very (1) sonnlOOKIng. He is (2) orwnonchainedy (3) nv aaoneyed and (8) sevnonnneSkinmed. He stall for his age and very (5) . built, and he is quite strong because he goes to the gym regularly Jeffrey likes to keep up with the latest fashions and is always very ) dressed, Today he is wearing a (7) .-sleeved shirt and (8) . fitting jeans. | He is also wearing a (9) new leather jacket that he bought at (10) .... wrice in the sales, | ‘As for his character, he's Very (11) nnn Boing, and he's popular with his bosses because he’s |A. Read the sentences below and indicate which are logical. Mark A (ES) ifthe statement makes sense and B (NO) if it doesn't. 41. | if two people look lke each other, there's no resemblance. 2. | An introverted person would find it fficult to make friends easily. 3. | An event is a success ifthe organisers bring tof 4, | Two people are no longer talking to each other when they have made up. '& | Parents usually punish obedience. 6. | Employers do not want ther staff to be conscientious. 7. | tis considered polite to be hospitable to quests. aonira ees c. 2B ‘KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word siven, 1, Mrand Mrs Burton's wedding day was 10 years ago. married Mr and Mes Burton 1» 10 years 2, Will you take care ofthe children for me tomorrow afternoon? look Will YOU nai . ssi - ‘or me tomorrow afternoon? 3. Does anyone know why Erica and Sam started arguing? brought What .. z between Erica and Sam? 4. cent stand the way my brother behaves anymore. put ean 5. The photos reminded Sam of his schooldays, memories The photos: . 6. Because of his generosity, many people benefited from his kindness. 80 Because... . a 1 many people benefited from his kindness. 7. They didn’t speak for a few woeks, but now they are friends again. made “They didn’t speak fora few weeks, but. ‘8. He didn’t show much consideration for us when he phoned at midnight. him w= behaviour anymore, ‘Sam's schooldays. lately, Itwas phone us at midnight WORD FORMATION Read the text bolow. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. Write your word in the space. TIP! read the sentence carefully to see it it has positive or negative meaning. Be prepared to form the negative or opposite form of the word given. ‘THE GENERATION GAP People talk about the generation gap as a kind of (1) DIVIDE between young people and their parents. It is something which is generally a problem when children enter their teenage years, and results in @ ‘on both sides. Parents, for example, can often be heard to COMPLAIN say that young people are disrespectful and (3) . and in addition, opry tend t0 Be (4) sn when spending because they don't appreciate RESPONSIBLE the value of money. (3). swomsuey00. the other hand, complain that ADOLESCENCE their parents don't understand them. ‘What has gone wrong? One (6) noun lies in how society. EXPLAIN has changed. Inthe pas, children would (7) .. continue TYPICAL the way of life of their parents, In today’s world, parents are very (8) for their children because they want them to achieve more AMBITION than they di, The problem i thatthe children often dont agree with their parents’ plans. Teenagers also reach (9) at an earlier age than MATURE they used to and want their (10) . sooner. The resulting conflict INDEPENDENT is painful to both sides.Review 2 ‘A. WORD FORMATION Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some ofthe lines to form @ word. ‘that fits in the space in the same line. Write your word in the space, HELPING A FRIEND When I was fourteen, Faye moved into the house next door. She was a friendly, ay. girl, and within a few hours of our first meeting, she had TALK told me all about herself. In fact, she talked so muich that (2) lon INTERRUPTION her to offer information about myself was almost impossible. Faye and I became close, but over time she became (3) . INTROVERT and Tost all Ret (A) ev eot oneness for life. One day when I asked what ‘ENTHUSIASTIC was wrong, Faye told me quite (5) .. that it was none of my RUDE business. The next day she said that she owed me an (6) _ APOLOGISE She then explained that her parents had been arguing a lot and she was afraid that they were going to get (7) My parents rarely DIVORCE, argued so Twas (8) ‘with this kind of problem. FAMILIAR However, Iwas able to give her some good (9). to speak ADVISE, to an older (10) 1 Such a8 an aunt, about her concerns. RELATE When she did s0, she found out that there was nothing to worry about at all. B. Below is an article about teenagers. Choose the appropriate word (A, B or C) with which to fill n the gaps. PEER PRESSURE Sociologists have been carrying out research into the social pressures of being a teenager. Many (1 ‘unhappy at school because they find it difficult to make (2)... . This stress can (3) ..w« om illness oF result in ‘poor grades. They may also worry about their (4) ... and offen feel under enormous pressure to dress, talk ‘and (6) .... the same as others. This phenomenon is called peer pressure, and itis very common in today's society. Advertising contributes alot to the social pressures teenagers (6) «.. «Advertisers know how important itis o feel that you belong to-2 group when you are (7) ... your teens, so they try fo (8)... teenagers that certain products will make them (9)... with thelr classmates, Sadly, many teenagers act (19) .... and even do dangerous things just to (11)... others accept them. Peer pressure is often the reason for teenage smoking drug abuse or dangerous driving, Teenagers need to learn to say “no” to social pressure and to find friends ‘who they can (12)... things over with when they have a problem, 1, | 01 JA adolescents |) | B adults OD {c_infanes 2. | 0 JA relatives O[B friends 1 [e couples | Sie ners CF |B put Ch [¢_ bring | Dele (|B characteristic | OJ [C appearance 5. [f JA fit _| 1 |B behave Oe obey 6 [OIA feel 1 |B belong Oe own 7 [EDA by Talos tee TOe-ia [a [1 TA persuade |B getacross | 1 |C argue 3 (CA exit | C0 [s popatee [D0] “hespteme 10. | [A irresponsibly |_| B_ flexibly TT JE considerately ui. | |a do 7 [B make Tc cause 12, | CI) A. discuss |B tak Ole ops 2910. ~ Review 2 C. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentance, "Why rw me that George was in the hospital?” ‘Ym sory; | forgot.” a. haven't you told didn't you tell don't you tell d._hradhn't you told | haven't spoken to Paul since I... him at the concert last Saturday. ‘a. had soon) b. seen ©. have seen a saw Before she left the office, she made sure that everything .... for the mesting, ‘was preparing had prepared hhad been prepared prepared We sn. breakfast when the dog started to bark. ‘were having had had been having have aoge ay ‘ast saw Jane . 2. before two weeks b. fortwo wooks ‘c.two weeks ago d._ since two weeks The Empire State Building ‘a. had built was built ©. were built d._ has been built “Have you ever been to Paris Y05, | 0 Paris two months ago.” ‘a. have been b. been have gone: went The visitors had arrived by the time Robert se home from work: a. has come b. had come ©. came was coming 1'm sorry; I've forgotten what... @ you told me b. did you tell me © youtell me 4. were you telling me “Thay sn» Spanish fortwo years when they ‘went on their fist trip to Spain. a. learned , had been learning c. were leaming have been learning n 12, 18 14, 18. 18. 17. 18, 19, 20. Life can be difficult for... ; they are not chilcren and they are not adults. a young b. infants ©. orphans: d. adolescents They've ... their children to know the val a. putup grown up brought up d. got up ‘When Jenny sits out in the sun, she gets. all over her face. a. complexion b. freckles ©. elderly di. features: Linda defintely ‘a. gets on b. brings about 1G, gets across d. takes after John and his ns: spend all thelr time planning their wedding, a. fiancée b.ridasmale 6. widow ._ engagement ‘Margaret's boss is pleased because she is. about her work. 4 a. stubborn b. conscientious threatening d, disobedient ‘They are determined to get on in the world. They are £0 vane! easy-going b. relaxed . ambitious d.unfamntiar hor father, Soria is always .... early in the momings.. a. inher early twenties b. ina bad mood brand new &. well-bult My brother is stil. a. single unique selfish 4d. separate ‘She didn't answer me ~ she just... ‘something | couldn't hear. a. informed adopted ©. mumbled 4. blamed he's not married yet,a 4) EXAMPLE: A He phones you tomorrow. Is she meeting her friend for lunch today? ‘Does she meet her friend for lunch today? You're going shopping? | come with you. ‘Ace you going shopping? I'll come with you. A. Good luck! We'll be thinking of you. Good luck! We're going to think of you. 'A. When | leave schoo|, I'm going to study law. When I leave school, | am studying law, Doctors predict that they will soon be finding ‘a cure for cancer. Doctors predict that they will soon find a cure for cancer 'A. What time is the film beginning tomorrow? What time does the film begin tomorrow? The new cinema will bud just outside the city contre The new cinema willbe built just outside the city centr This time next week I'll be fying to London. This time next week I'll be flown to London. Sally will have been working there for 20 years this winter. ‘Sally wll be working there for 20 years this winter “The new car will have delivered by the end of the week. ‘The new car will have baen delivered by the ‘end of the week. (Whe wi phone you tomenow Future Tenses (active and passive): Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect Simple, Future Perfect Continuous; be going to, Present Simple, Present Continuous " co 18 1 TEST YOURSELF Read the pairs of sentences below and circle the sentence which is correct. You'll be home by 7 o'clock, won't you? You'll be home by 7 o'clock, aren't you? Do you know when the new store opens? Do you know when the new store is opened? IM ask Dad as soon as he's going to get home, Mask Dad as soon as he gets home. By Easter, we'll have lived here for six years ‘By Easter, we are living here for six years. By next year, computers are going to come down @ lot in price By noxt year, computers will have come down a lot in price. ''m visting my grandmother the other day. ‘'m visiting my grandmother the day after tomorrow, Will you help me with my homework, please? ‘Are you helping me with my homework, please? ‘Soon, they will be modemised the old classrooms, Soon, the old classrooms will be modernised. When you will lear to type, i's quicker to use a computer. ‘When you learn to type, i's quicker to use ‘a computer. [A John ig about to start a new job. John starts @ new jab, 31Ta a Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect Simple, Future Perfect Continuous FORM ‘USE EXAMPLES: } FUTURE SIMPLE | Active a. information about the future PM buy the tok fomarow. | will + bare infinitive b, a spontaneous decision Realy? FN come too! ‘wit wor neces to pen ind pose? | Wit she work? ae | c They won't work. d. a prediction or warning The trio will be interesting. | . willingness or refusal to do We'll help you pack, but we won't something take you to the airport. ] {opinions or speculations about expect they wil be late. the future (fier: think, non, ink she find her way home : ‘hope, axpact, be sure, maybe, 'm sure we'll be ready on time, : probatiy 2 Passive to stress the action rather than The job willbe finished soon. will be + past participle ‘the agent 2 FUTURE CONTINUOUS Active a. when we know an action wil be playing basketbal between 2 wilt bo + varbsing be in progress at a certain ime 8.40 and 9.00 tomorrow night. in the future | wil be working Will he be working? 'b, a future action thet has been My grandparents willbe visiting You won't be working. pre-arranged us next weekend. Passive No passive form FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE Active an activity that willbe completed By nart Wook, we will have received weit iave pant participle bby a certain time inthe future cur exam resus {will have worked. Wil he have worked? They won't have worked. Passive to stress the action rather than. The letters will soon have been + wilthave been + past participle the agent delivered. : FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS Active: an activity that has already begun By next June, he will have been fll Hise sn tg ‘and wil stil be in progress at a working here for five years specific time in the future | wil have been working, Will they have been working? ‘She won't have been working. Passive No passive form NOTE ‘The modal shall is used with / and we and can be used to talk about the future and to make offers or ‘suggestions, but itis not very common, ‘Shall I open a window for you? We shall never forget the day we met.Enns be going to, Present Simple, Present Continuous FORM USE EXAMPLES bbe going to bare infintive a. plans, intention or dacisions ‘We're gaing to fnd out about the concert. seady taken . to predict an event based on The sky is back There's going to be things we know or can see aslo. Passive to stress the action rather than The project going to be completed be going to be + past participle the agent rane PRESENT SIMPLE planned future action or serles My gh eaves at 8.30 a.m. net Tuesday. of actions connected with timetables or a journey personal arangements and Fe I taking im tothe 200 tomorrow fixed plans (usually with a ‘Are you doing anything specie night? ‘time expression) NOTES 1 The following phrases are also used to express the future. They refer to something that will happen very soon, be about fo + bare infinitive She Is about to start 2 new job ‘be on the point of + gerund He is on the point of opening his own business. 2. The following words and phrases are followed by the Present Simple although they have a future meaning. * expressions of time which refer to the future: whan, once, as soon as, after, before, the moment, etc. Do the dishes before you go out | want to jin the police when I leave school. + mo matter what / who/ where / when / how / which No matter what ha does, well forgive him! ‘No matter when you arrive, il mest you. COMMON MISTAKES 1. Ive made up my mind. | will study physics at university, 2. Did you say you need milk? I'm buying some for you. 3, By next month, | will be going out with my gitfiend for a year | 4, This time next week, | will swim in the new swimming pool. |__ 5 The concert wil start a 8:90 tomorow evening, Do be te!ONT erm ee A. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Choose from Future Simple, Present Simple, Present Continuous or be going to. 1 They expect that about 300 people... ah (attend) the lecture. (write down) your new address and phone number for me? 3. The sun's coming out It. (be) a nice day. I'm sure that your advioe (not take); he's very stubborn. 5. When I gat my pocket money at the end of the WEEK, I nwsnenenisnsnnsnsnnenanenee(Ouy) a new CD. (travel) to Spain for an international conference. «(not let her 7. Susan wants to go on holiday with her friends but her parents wenn Look out! Drive more slowiy! We ssn (BFA) into the car infront! My cousin and his gitfriend (get martied) soon, We're very pleased about it “The match next Saturday (finish) at about five o'alock. | hope we ; {be able) to get home on time. 2 3. a 6. The day after tomorrow, I iz 8. 9. 0. B. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Choose from Future Continuous, Future Perfect Simple and Future Perfect Continuous (active or passive). 1. This time next year, he (study) architecture in New York. 2. Between 9.00 and 10.00 tomorrow morning, we (shop) at the market. 8. Hopefully, the fax machine (repair) by this afternoon. 4. There's no point in phoning him; he (leave) by now. 5. | can't help you on Sunday, | (visit) my relatives all day. 6. By next June, she . sn (Work) in the bank for 12 years. 7. Promise me that by tomorrow morning you .. (tidy up) your room, 8. By the end of the week, a new government nnn (016 {live) in England for two years. . (decide) what kind of work he wants to do. Let Madame Claire Tell Your Fortune . I predict that you (1) sans You hive alreudy told me tat you @) (have) a very successful lite, (study) fashion design v»- (Open) your own | (be) very popular. By then, | (already make) a lot of money, and you (not have) any financial worries. see a very happy sve (live) ina big house with your husband and | .» (lecture) to fashion students all over the country. By the time | ‘marriage too. In 15 years time, you (7) .m four children, and you (8) ..ranen you retire, you (9) (teach) in fashion colleges for more than 20 years, But now we must stop. 1(10) . (meet) a group of fortune-tellers this evening, and our programme (a) _ (begin) at 7.30. I'm sure that my predictions for you (12) . (come) true ~they always do! Goodbye and good luck! 4Ea Exam Practice unis A. Choose the ward or phrase that best completes the sentence, 1. This time next month, they m a. are taking be will take cc. will be taking d._ will have boon taken Peter has to be at the airport early on Monday morning, His fight ... at 9.00 a.m. a. leaves b. will leave vill have left d. about to leave their exams. Don't worry! a. am helping b. wil help going to help d. help Please don't phone between 8.00 and 9.00 this evening... my favourite soap opera. a. Miwatch I'm on the point of watching c.f have been watching Ill be watching Next week, @ new lift. vill install will be instaling will be installed is installing you choose a present. 10. 1" Inthe town hall, 12. are not spending ‘ion spond will not have spent not going to spend By 7.00 this evening, all the preparations a. willbe made 1b. are going to be made cc. will have been made dare made By lunchtime, she a. willbe studying b._will have been studying cis studying d. is about to study “11 probably be studying all night." ‘coming out for coffee then, vill you?” @ You will be b. Wil you be Won't you be 4. You won't be By the time they arrive, he . a. will have finished will have been finishing ©. was going to finish will be finished for three hours. «his homework. 1 call you when ..... what the decision is. a. lam hearing b. Iwill hear c. Lam going to hear d. Theor I'm sure Eva will look great no matter a. what will she wear b. what she wears cc. what she is wearing what she will wear Below Is an item from a newspaper. Some words are missing. Decide what they are. Choose fram among the words ‘below by marking the corresponding letter. (There are three words you won't need and three you may use twice.) A_will B_ going about D_ don't E_becoming F by G when. H_be 1_is }__being ‘A recent report on the BBC described changes happening isa) @) ‘water soon. According to one prediction, sea levels (5) are We (7) wn» to do about it? The problem (8) of the Earth, it will not (9) imagine anyone is going to give up his car or will happen in the future, . more difficult to predict and unfortunately the situation is (2) 1¢ more storms, causing more damage than ever before, The sea level has already begun to rise and some places are in danger, like the island of Tuvalu in the Pacific, which will (4) .. completely covered by caused by our use of energy and, according to the Friends solved until we all take action to use less electricity, gas and oil, But 1 (10) ... ir conditioning because afew experts are worried about what to our climate: the weather throughout the world to get worse. Experts believe there have risen 50 em (6) ... the year 2100, $0 whatusing the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word siven. 1. Our intention is to buy tickets for the concert as soon as possible. are we v= for the concert as soon as possible. 2. lheame round once | finish my homework, as Pl come round an my homework 3. We have booked to play tennis from 5.00 to 6.00 p.m. tomorrow. playing Between 5.00 and 6.00 p.m. tomorrow, tennis. 4, They hope to finish writing al the invitations before the post office closes. will ‘They hope that all the invitations... a ._ belore the post office closes, 5. Simon and Lucy are celebrating their sixth wedding anniversary on 28th December. married By the end of the year, Simon and Lucy pa 66. I have decided not to apply for that job; the salary is not good enough. think \ apply for that job; the salary is not good enough. 7. They will open the new shopping centre next Tuesday evening. be for six years. The new shopping centre next Tuesday evening, 8. Look! The athletes are ready to start the race any moment. about Look! The race 1. ~the athletes are ready, OPEN CLOZE Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. SUMMER PLANS. Every summer, (1) as long as I can remember, my family has (2) .. a holiday all together. (3) imatter where we go, we always enjoy ourselves. Five years (4) we ‘went camping in Wales. As (5) as we got to the campsite, it started raining, and it didn’t stop for the whole week. Nevertheless, we had a great time. This year, however, we (6) . sno: Rot be having a family holiday. My brother is (7) . spend the summer working at a hotel. (8) .» the end of the holiday season, he thinks he will have 0) enough money to buy a second-hand cat. I'm going on an adventure holiday with some friends, so the second week of our school holidays will (10) spent in Scotland, We'll have the chance to try activities like canoeing and climbing there, Mum (11) . to do alot of climbing ‘when she was younger and she thinks Ill enjoy it. In fact, when I showed her a leaflet about the holiday, she said it brought (12). 1+ memories of a similar holiday she had had as a teenager.Vocabulary Living Conditions, Services and Places TEST YOURSELF Complete the sentences with the correct form of a word below. There are more words than you need. ‘Make sure you understand all the words in the vocabulary boxes, not just the correct answers. vine conomons accommodation cottage high-rise mortgage apartment countryside holiday home hourhood bungalow demolish, homeless populated. construct furnished industrial renovate surroundings convert hall of residence location resident urban 1. People who lve in the country rather than the town ive in a area, 2. We used to lve in the city centre, but now we live a lite further out in the 8. ‘There are many factories in that part of town. i's an zone. 4, The Waltons nave their atic into an extra bedroom. 5, There are some very up-market shops in the sone Where she lives, 6. Harry's new fats in central. 80 I convenient as he works in the city. 7. The of the area protested against the plans for the new road. 8 They have started to ‘many unsafe buildings inthe city centre, 9. While their house was being built, they rented ahernative 10. | was surprised by how many ns People live on the streets of London, 11, We had to ask the bank for to buy our new house. 12, Simon rented a snow flat until he could afford to buy a bed, table and sofa. SERVICES AND PLACES car park escalator lie public transport town council community centre facilities pedestrian crossing sports complex town hall emergency services health centre pedestrian precinct tourist information _welfare services 19. A shopping area where cars are not allowed is called 14, We were stuck in the . in the new shopping centre. The doors wouldn't open. 1S, There ate & lot OF neon in our town, such as a swimming poo! and public library. 16, They have all kinds of activities for young and old at the 17. We have a meeting with the mayor in the 18. There's nowhere to park near the main square ~ 2 18. Visitors to the town can get all kinds of useful information at the 20. Ifyou need the fire brigade or an ambulance, phone the vers with your teacher. How many of them are correct? 7-8: Tryharder!_ 10-42: Quite good! 13-16: Good! 16-20: 7nr =. Vocabulary Practice A. COMPOUND NOUNS Make compound nouns and complete the sentences in the following paragraph. | Tony and Linda Harrison live in Syciney, Australia, They have bought a little bungalow, not far from the (1) city oA (2) e8tate sue helped them to find it. The bungalow has (3) ai _ for the summer and (4) central. for the winter, so it is really comfortable. There’ a small garden in the front, with a(S) parking é for their car. IF they ‘want to go into the (6) town there's a bus stop just down the road. Beside the gate there isa wooden (7) letter Because they want to feel secure in the house, the Harrisons are putting a (8) burglar in every room, They are very pleased with their new home, B. EASILY CONFUSED WORDS Circle the correct answer. His fat le near the city centre I's a very comfortable / convenient / easy location. ‘She lives on the fourth floor / stair / level of a very modern block of fats, ‘The kitchen in their house is very small There's no area / a room / room for a washing machine in it {ts very late. | think you should go to your house / home / to your home now. ‘They would like to hire / rent / book a house by the sea for the month of August. ‘The interfor / Inner / internal of the cottage is painted white. ‘They moved a few weeks ago. They now live on the limit / edge / border of town, Lily is never lonely as she has lots of friends who live near / nearly / nearby, We haven't felt safe in our house since we were burgled / broken / stolen last month. J view / scenery, 10. They have @ lovely holiday cottage in the mountains, surrounded by wonderful s ‘PHRASAL VERBS Complete the following sentences with the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs with make or do, You will need to use one of the verbs more than once. do.without * make of + make off with * make out * make up make up for © make for © do away with © do with ‘Sally and Ruth had a terrible fight and cicn't speak for a long time, but now they've 1 2. Can you see what's written on that sign? Its 80 dark that | Cat mses co 3. We could ‘a few plants in the entrance to our block of fats. a some excuse for being late, but | didnt believe him. 5. We just don't know what to. ‘their decision to move house. 6. Thieves broke into our house lastnight and ssnconns OUF COMPLE, 7. hope this present wil my forgetting your birthday. 8. I wish they would local taxes; they are very expensive. 8. We got out ofthe car ad wan “ the pedestrian precinct. 10. The town council has turned off the water. ll have to shower today.ES een & BS D. USEFUL COLLOCATIONS AND EXPRESSIONS Complete the following sentences with a suitable word. 1. When the new furitue was delivered, we had to move tings to MAK .nnnwsne FOF 2. We used to lve in the country, but now we Ive ina high-rise. of flats near the city centre. 3. Judy's house is on the . of Rose Street and Oak Street. 4, He was very warm and friendly and knew how te make me at home. 5. My cousin has moved recently. He now lives in a much nicer neighbourhood. 6. Unfortunately, their new neighbours .. allot of noise. Yorn 7. The Alexanders www. the housework twice a wesk after work, PE aa 8. The chidren have to... lr Bods before they 90 shook ee" de 8. Itdoesnt. vary long to drive to our house in the county. a 0. Our new house «. .- @ great view of the ses. Exam Practice _ ‘A. Match the comments (tems 1-8) with the correct place, person or service (letters A-H) in the table below. TABLE A, TABLE B 1 He found just the right home for us and advised us ‘A | emergency services about mortgages 100, 2 We get on wall with her and its nice to be able to have pedestrian crossing a chat over the garden fence. a ‘My grandmothers a bit old to climb the stairs ¢. | hall of residence 80 the flat i in the right place for her. 4 They mest once a week to discuss local matters-itsup | D. | estate agent to them to make sure all the local services run properly. 5. It was the cheapest accommodation available, and for a &. | public transport student that is important, I is also great to be together with others from the same college. 6 If you need them, you call 989 and they'll ask you if you F. | ground floor need the police, ambulance or the fire brigade. % Ths the eafest place — you should never just un across. . | next-door neighbour “The drivers here go So fast, Just press the button and wait forthe signal. 8 It suits me because | don't drive and | can get # cheap H. | town council monthly pass that ists me use the trains, buses and trams.unre VOCABULARY B, WORD FORMATION Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line, Write your word in the space. TIP! wien you nave fied in au te blanks, read through the text and make sure thatthe parepraph makes sense. KEEP DUNBURN CLEAN The local (1) of the rural village of Dunburn, RESIDE which has a (2 of just 1,500 people, are protesting POPULATE ist a plan to turn this (3) . location into an BEAUTY one. INDUSTRY The local couneil recently made an (5) seco saying that ANNOUNCE aan area outside the village had been sold and that in the near future the ©) ‘of new factories would start. ‘CONSTRUCT ‘The villagers are very (7) . that these factories will WORRY spoil the scenery. They are also concerned that they will (8) a THREAT the local animal life. They say it was (9) of the council RESPONSIBLE to make this (10) without asking the local people for DECIDE their opinion ©. MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE Read the text below and decide which answer, A, B, Cor D, best fits each space. COTTAGE IN FRANCE Fiona and Steven Sanders had always wanted to own a holiday (1)... in the south of France. Five years ago, they bought a 17th-century cottage that was in danger of being (2) .. twas in a rural area, 15 kilometres away from the nearest town, and (3) ... @ wonderful view of the surrounding countryside. Although the house ‘was secluded, it was very (4) .... situated, as it was near a litle village with a railway station. At firs, the locals of the area were suspicious of their new (5) ...., but they soon learned to accept them. Every holiday, the Sanders would (6) ... the south of France and their new house and spend all thei time working on it. They added an, extra bedroom (7) . the ground floor so that there would be (8) .». for anyone who wanted to come and visit. The outside of the house was painted yellow, and they painted the interior white. (9) .... the back of the house they built a shady patio where they could sit in the evenings. Finally the house was finished, and the results (10)... all the months of hard work, Fiona and Steven spent as much time as they could in their new house and soon (11) .... quite at home there. They certainly didn’t have any difficulty in (12) .. all their family and friends to spend a few days with them! L.A. housework: B home © accommodation D_ high-rise 2 A damaged B constructed © renovated D_ demolished 3. A had B was © got D made 4. A. comfortably B conveniently C closely D_ suitably 5. A facilities B villagers © neighbours D_ builders 6. A make up B_ make © make out D_ make for 7. A on Bin © at D for 8. A area B places © room D_ bedroom 9A In B On c At D Nest 10, A made up for B_ made upto © did away with D did without 1, A lived B_ moved c fll D felt 12, A agreeing B persuading © talking D acceptingReview 3 KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word siven. 41. They will be renoveting the tovin hall until April. finished Be cio 2. The chilciren borrowed books regularly from the publ ‘The children hacer 3. They have decided to repaint the school this summer. going The school .. 4, The last time | saw them was in August 1997. seen 1 5, He will help his father wash the car and then he will go and play football. once He will go and play football. 6. Do you think we can fit any more chairs in the kitchen? room the town hall by Apri. library, used from the publi library. . this summer. . August 1997, his father wash the car, Do you think .. . any more chairs in the kitchen? 7. tm hungry! "tke @ sandwich. do rm hungry! | could. a sandwich, 8. You can easily drive to the next village in afew minutes, tong It doesn't + to the next village. WORD FORMATION Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word ‘that fits in the space in the same line. Write your word in the space. THE EIFFEL TOWER One of the most famous (1) in the world must be CONSTRUCT the Biffel Tower in Paris, It as (2) mensnrrnewew between 1887 BUILD and 1889 by Gustave Eiffel, whose design was the (3) WIN entry in a competition for a new monument for the Paris exhibition held in 1889. ‘The huge iron tower was an (4) « «idea for its time AMBITION and it was the (5) osm building in the world until TALL the 1930s. It is (6) situated in an area called CENTRAL the Champs-de-Mars, and you get an amazing view of the @ city from the top. SURROUND Surprisingly, not everyone is impressed by the Eiffel Tower, and it has received a lot of (8) _ from many Parisians CRITICISE ‘who think itis ugly and (9) vow» But for the thousands ATTRACT Of tourists who visit Paris every year, its (10) POPULAR will alays remain assured, at10. Review 3° Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. “t'm going to the bank now.” acta shai 2, I'mgoing to come b. tihoome ©. come 4. Iwill be coming 'Who do you intend to complain to?” to the mayor.” 'm complaining | complain Iwill have compisined {tm going to complain This time next week, he ... his speech at the conference, a. wil be made b. ismaking ©. wil be making 6. isbsing made The engagement party a. will be organized b. will organize will be organizing d,s organizing What time .... on Saturday night? ‘@ is the last bus gaing to leave i last bus leaving ©. last bus leaves d._ does the last bus leave by their parents. ‘She... the day in the country tomorrow. a. Is spending b. will have spent c. will have been spending d. spends By this evening, the escalator 2, will have repaired will be repaired will have been repaired vill be repairing you help me find anew apartment? a Do b. Will cc. Have d. Are Who... the gift tomorrow? a. Isgong to buy goes to buy ‘c.has bought a. buys “By the end of the summer, how long “Ten years, | think.” ‘il you be living ‘wil you have been living are you living do you ve here?" 1. 2, 13, 14, 18. 16. W. 18. 18. 20. inthe city. morgage b. council ‘c. accommodations 1d. location ‘She quietly... the anewer to me. a. mentioned b. whispered & shouted d._ pronounced ‘They live ina lovely houses and garciens. a, residential b. commercial ©. homeless: slum area with beautitul ‘The .. ae located outside the city. rural interior surroundings euburbs: a. b, 4 the beds and then we went shopping. prepared made e did a laid The city offers many... Such as @ sports complex and shopping areas, a. activities b. service ©. communities d. facilities They... the time they'd lost by working all day Saturday, a. did away with b. brought ue made up for 4. got by We rented a... house at the beach for our vacation. a. demolished b. populated ©. constructed d. fumished The town has .... where cars are not allowed. a pedestrian mall b. an emergency service ce. anescalator d._ public transport ‘They are ... 19 a new house next week. renovating ages ze éPrepositions of Time, Prepositions of Place TEST YOURSELF Read the pairs of sentences below and circle the sentence which is correct. EXAMPLE: A We usuelly play basketball in the weekend. We usually play basketball at the weokond. [A We arrived to the train station very eaity 47) A Please tur off all mobile phones while B We arrived at the tran station very early. the performance. B Please turn off all mobile phones during 2) A You can have a great summer holidey the performance. (on a Greek island, P B You can have a great summer holiday FH A | cried at the end of the film. al a Greek island, B | cried in the end of the tlm, 3) A Did you know that Fiona studied in 48) A ve kept a place for you in front of the ‘Cambridge University? ueve. BB Dic you know that Fiona studied at B I've kept a place for you al the front of the ‘Cambridge University? queue A All the students sat quietly at their A) A They walked into the restaurant and desks working. chose a table near the window. BB All the students sat quietly on their B They walked in the restaurant and chose desks working. ‘a table near the window. SB) A I can't wait for the party at Friday night. 45) A | can see Peter. He's standing besides B can't watt for the party on Friday night, your cousin, B I can see Peter. He's standing beside [A ill works between 8 to 4 every day. your cousin B ll works from 8 to 4 every day. 46) A. She looked out of the window at her fiends. [A The caté is across the railway station. BB She looked out from the window at her B The caté is opposite the ralway station friends. ‘A Until John had finished washing the cer, AT) A Their new flat is in the third floor. his clothes were all wet. B Their new flat is on the third floor B By the time John had finished washing the car, his clothes were all wet. [A Paris is most beautiful at the spring. 1B Paris Is most beautiful in the spring 9) A Frank will be working in the bank til the tend of naxt week. Then he's retina 'A. Once the plane arrived in Athens, we B Frank will be working in the bank by the got out quickly fend of next week. Then he's retiring B Once the plane arrived at Athens, we got out quickly [A There was a plant in one corner of the room. B There vas a plant at one corner of the room, They ran all the way til the park, B They ran all the way to the park. aPREPOSITION at uring (+ noun) while (+ subject + verb) by + noun ora specific time / date) by the time (+ subject + wert) until ti not until from ... to between at the beginning of / at the end of in the beginning / in the end at first at last in time on time Prepositions of Time En ‘a. with specific times ‘wit the following expressions: at the same time, at the age of, at the moment, at present, at night, eto. 18. months, years, seasons, historical periods b. to show a time in the future with the following expressions: in the morning / evening / aftemoon, inthe futur, in the past, ee. a, dates b. days (or parts of days, when the day Is mentioned) ‘c. AmE: on + the weekend to show a period of tims in which somathing happened ‘8. means not later than b. up to a certain point in time rot later then the moment when somathing happens. to show a state or situation which continues ‘t0.a certain point in time and then stops not before to show the beginning and ending of a period of time ‘AmE: from... through ‘something happening in a period of time from one time / day / date to another before a noun before subject + ver happened at the beginning of a period of time after @ long time has passed ‘early enough, before the last moment at the planned time: EXAMPLES He came at lunchtime at about 1.30 What ae you doing at the weekend? We're going sking at Christmas. We boty arivad at the same time. ‘She fnisheo schoo! atthe age of 17. At the moment /At present, she is out Hie came home late at night They got masried in March, in 1998. 1's vary cold mere in winter ‘He lved in the 19th century. We wil leave in five minutes’ time. They are moving in @ month. | workin the morning. ‘He let at 7.00 in the evening, What wif nouses be lke in the future? ‘She let for France on 10th Jy 1 see you on Wednesday morning. Ho woke up early an Christmas Day Wa are you doing on the weekend? He fel it during his visit tothe town ‘He fel il while he was visting the town, They shouldbe back by 6.20. ‘By the evening, | was exhausted. By the time I finished, | was exhausted. | worked until / til 9 0‘lock lastnight. | won't leave until 've writen this report. ‘She was a student from 1998 to 200. The store i open fram Monday through Friday. The doctor sees patents between 4 and 7 each evening ‘soe you at the beginning of next week. ‘She is going nto hospital atthe end of the month {In the beginning, | nated maths. ‘In the end, we doce to stay At first we planned to fly butt was too expensive We waited for hours and at last our favourite singer came on stage. ‘She goto the bus stop in time, They amived justin thme. ‘Our plane let on time.