UNIT 1: THEORY OF MATRICES

1. Find the rank of the Matrices using Echelon form Solutions

4 2 −1 2
I. [1 −1 2 1]
2 2 −2 0 2

0 1 −3 −1
1 0 1 1
II. [ ]
3 1 0 2
1 1 −2 0
2

2 −2 0 6
4 2 0 2 3
III. [ ]
1 −1 0 3
1 −2 1 2

2. Find the rank of the Matrices using normal form

1 −1 2 3
4 1 0 2
I. [ ]
0 3 1 4 4
0 1 0 2

1 2 1 0
II. [−2 4 3 0 ] 3
1 0 2 −8

6 1 3 8
2
4 2 6 −1
III. [ ]
10 3 9 7
16 4 12 15
3. Examine for consistency and if consistent then solve it.

4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 8 𝑥=1
I. { 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −1 {𝑦 = 3𝑡 − 2
15𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 21 𝑧=𝑡
𝑡
𝑥=2−
2𝑥 + 𝑧 = 4 2
II. {𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7 5 3𝑡
𝑦=− +
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1 2 4
{ 𝑧=𝑡
 2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 5𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 8 𝑥1 = 3
𝑥 + 3𝑥2 − 6𝑥4 = −15 𝑥2 = −4
III. { 1 {
𝑥3 = −1
2𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + 2𝑥4 = −5
𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 − 7𝑥3 + 6𝑥4 = 0 𝑥4 = 1

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 5 Inconsistent
IV. { 1 + 3𝑥2 − 𝑥3 − 2𝑥4 = 2
2𝑥
4𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 7

𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0 𝑥=0
V. { 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 {𝑦 = 0
4𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0 𝑧=0

2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0
𝑥=𝑡
VI. {3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
{𝑦 = −𝑡
𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 0
𝑧=𝑡

4. Investigate for what values of 𝑎 & 𝑏, the system of simultaneous

equation

2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2

5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 = 𝑏

Have (1) No solution (2) A unique solution (3) An infinite number

of solutions.

(Solutions (1) 𝑎 = 8, 𝑏 ≠ 6 (2) 𝑎 ≠ 8, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 (3) 𝑎 = 8, 𝑏 = 6)

5. Investigate for what values of k the equations

𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =1

2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 𝑘

4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 𝑘 2

Have infinite number of solutions? Hence, find solutions.

(Solutions : 𝑘 = 1,2)

6. Examine for Linear dependence or independence the following

system of vectors. If dependent, find the relation between them

Dependent

I. 𝑥1 = (1, −1,1), 𝑥2 = (2,1,1), 𝑥3 = (3,0,2) 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 𝑥3

II. 𝑥1 = (1,1,1,3), 𝑥2 = (1,2,3,4), 𝑥3 = (2,3,4,7) Dependent

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 𝑥3
 III. 𝑥1 = (3,1, −4), 𝑥2 = (2,2, −3), 𝑥3 = (0, −4,1) Dependent

2𝑥1 = 3𝑥2 + 𝑥3

1 3 1 Dependent
IV. 𝑥1 = (2) , 𝑥2 = (−2) , 𝑥3 = (−6)
3 1 −5 2𝑥1 + 𝑥3 = 𝑥2

7. 1 −2 3 𝑥1 21
Given the transformation = [2 0 −3] [𝑥2 ] . Find the co- 𝑥1 =
19
1 1 1 𝑥3 16
ordinates (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ) corresponding to (2,3,0) in 𝑌. 𝑥2 = −
19
5
𝑥3 = −
19
8. 𝑥1 = 3𝑦1 + 5𝑦2 𝑥1 = 23𝑧1 + 9𝑧2
Express each of the transformation and
𝑥2 = −𝑦1 + 7𝑦2 𝑥2 = 27𝑧1 − 3𝑧2
𝑦1 = 𝑧1 + 3𝑧2
𝑦2 = 4𝑧1

In the matrix form and find the composite transformation which

expresses 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 in terms of 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 .

9. Verify whether the following matrices are orthogonal or not, if so

write 𝐴−1 ∶
1 2
0
√3 √6
1 1 1
I. 𝐴= −
√3 √2 √6 Yes
1 1 1
[− √3 √2 √6 ]

2 2 1
1
II. 𝐴 = 3 [−2 1 2] No
1 −1 2

10. 1 2 2
3 3
𝑎 𝑎=±
2 1 3
If 𝐴 = 𝑏 is orthogonal, Find a,b,c. 2
3 3
2 2 𝑏=∓
3
[3 − 3 𝑐]
1
𝑐=±
3
11. Find the Eigen values and corresponding Eigen vectors for the
following matrices

9 −1 9
I. 𝐴 = [ 3 −1 3 ]
−7 1 −7
1 1 4
( Solution :- −1,0,2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [ 1 ] , [ 0 ] , [ 1 ] )
−1 −1 −3
 1 1 0
II. 𝐴 = [1 −1 2]
0 1 1
2 1 1
( Solution :- 0,2, −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [ 0 ] , [1] , [−3] )
−1 1 1

−2 2 −3
III. 𝐴=[ 2 1 −6]
−1 −2 0
1 2 3
( Solution :- 5, −3, −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [ 2 ] , [−1] , [0] )
−1 0 1

−3 −7 −5
IV. 𝐴=[ 2 4 3]
1 2 2
−3
( Solution :- 1,1,1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [ 1 ] )
1

3 10 5
V. 𝐴 = [−2 −3 −4]
3 5 7
1 5
( Solution :- 3,2,2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] )
−2 −5

12. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the following matrix and use it
find Inverse:

2 −1 1
I. 𝐴 = [−1 2 −1]
1 −1 2

1 0 2
II. 𝐴 = [2 2 4]
0 0 2
13. Find 𝐴4 with the help of Cayley Hamilton theorem

1 0 −1
If 𝐴 = [1 2 1 ].
2 2 3
−49 −50 −40
( Solution :- [ 65 66 40 ] )
130 130 81

14. 1 4
If 𝐴 = [ ], then express 𝐴5 − 4𝐴4 − 7𝐴3 + 11𝐴2 − 𝐴 − 10𝐼 in
2 3
terms of 𝐴.

( Solution :- 𝐴 + 5𝐼 )
 15. Consider the triangle with Vertices 𝐴(1,4), 𝐵(5,3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶(1,1) then

I. Rotate the triangle 900 clockwise.

(Solution: A’(1,-1),B’(3,-5),C’(4,-1))

II. Rotate the triangle 900 counter clockwise.

(Solution: A’(-1,1),B’(-3,5),C’(-4,1))

III. Take the reflection about X-axis

(Solution: A’(1,-1),B’(5,-3),C’(1,-4))

IV. Take its reflection about Y- axis

(Solution: A’(-1,1),B’(-5,3),C’(-1,4))

V. Translate the triangle 6 units right and 5 units down

(Solution: A’(7,-4),B’(11,-2),C’(7,-1))

16. Centre of the arc of the circle in a given coordinate system is (46.66,105,134.66)
(100,100,100). Origin is shifted to the point
(−10, −5, −2).Rotation is carried out about Y axis through an angle
of 300 . Find the centre of the arc of the circle in new coordinate
system.

Unit 2: Differential Calculus

𝑥 2𝑥+3
Q.1) Find nth derivatives of the following functions 𝑎)𝑦 = (𝑥+1)4 , 𝑏)𝑦 = 5𝑥+7 , 𝑐)𝑦 =
𝑥 𝑥4
(3𝑥−5)(1−4𝑥 2)
, 𝑑)𝑦 = (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)

𝑥 𝑥2 2𝑥
𝑒) 𝑦 = , 𝑓) 𝑦 = , 𝑔) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) ℎ)𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) 1 + 𝑥2

𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥 −1 √1 + 𝑥 2 − 1
𝑖)𝑦 = 𝑗) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 [ ], 𝑘) 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ ]
(𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 + 3) 𝑥 + 𝑥 −1 𝑥

𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑥2
𝑙) , 𝑚)𝑦 =
𝑥3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6 (𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 + 3)

𝑑𝑛 (𝑛−1)!
Q.2) Prove that 𝑑𝑥 𝑛 (𝑥 𝑛−1 logx) = 𝑥

(−1)𝑛−1(𝑛−2)!(𝑥+𝑛)
Q.3) If 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥+1 ) then prove that 𝑦𝑛 = (𝑥+1)𝑛

𝑎𝑥+𝑏
Q.4) If 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥+𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦1 𝑦3 = 3𝑦2 2

𝑑 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Q.5) If 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 , prove that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑝2 𝑦 = 0

Q.6) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡

𝑛𝜋
𝑓 𝑛 (0) − 𝑛𝐶2 𝑓 𝑛−2 (0) + 𝑛𝐶4 𝑓 𝑛−4 (0) + − − − − −= sin( )
2
Q.7) Find nth derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥. Hence prove that the value of 𝐷𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥) 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 𝑖𝑠 0,

(𝑛 − 1)! 𝑜𝑟 − (𝑛 − 1)! according as n is of the form 2𝑝, (4𝑝 + 1) 𝑜𝑟 (4𝑝 + 3) respectively.

Q.8) State Leibnitz’s theorem and find the 𝑛𝑡ℎ derivatives of following functions:

a) 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 𝑏) 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥, 𝑐) 𝑒 𝑥 (2𝑥 + 3)3 , 𝑑) 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥

−1 𝑥
Q.9) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑠 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦𝑛+2 − (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 − (𝑛2 + 𝑚 2 )𝑦𝑛 = 0.

Hence evaluate (𝑦𝑛 )0 .

Q.10) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃, 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦𝑛+2 − (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 − (𝑛2 − 4)𝑦𝑛 = 0.

Q.11) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑤𝑡, 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖) (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦1 2 = 𝑤 2 (1 − 𝑦 2 )

𝑖𝑖)(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦𝑛+2 − (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 − (𝑛2 − 𝑤 2 )𝑦𝑛 = 0.

Q.12) 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = tan(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦) , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦𝑛+1 + (2𝑛𝑥 + 1)𝑦𝑛 − 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑦𝑛−1 = 0.

𝑚
Q.13) 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = [𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1] , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (𝑥 2 − 1)𝑦𝑛+2 + (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 − (𝑛2 − 𝑚 2 )𝑦𝑛 = 0

Q.14) Expand the following functions:

(a) (1+ x) x in a series up to a term in x 4 .

(b) Log(1+ x +x2 + x 3 ) upto x8 .

Q.15) Prove that

𝑥2 1 𝑥4 2 𝑥6
a) log(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = + + + ⋯.
2 3 4 15 6

𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2
+ 6
− 12 + ⋯

𝑥 5 5
c) 𝑒 𝑒 = 𝑒 [1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 6 𝑥 3 + 8 𝑥 4 + ⋯ ]

𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
d) √1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 1 + 2 − 8
− 48 + 348 − ⋯

𝑥2 7
e) 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 1 + − 𝑥 4 +…
6 360

Q.16) Using Taylor’s theorem, find the expansion of following functions in ascending powers of x
𝜋
a) tan [𝑥 + 4 ] up to terms in 𝑥 4 and find the approximately value of tan( 430 )

𝜋
b) log cos(𝑥 + 4 ), hence find the value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠(480 ) upto three decimal places.

Q.17) Expand

a) (x - 2)4 - 3(x - 2)3 + 4(x - 2)2 + 5 in powers of x

 b) 2x3 + 7x 2 + x -6 in ascending powers of (x -2).

c) 49 + 69x + 42x2 +11x3 + x4 in powers of (x +2).

d) If x = (1 - y)(1 - 2 y) , then show that y = 1+ x - 2x 3 +…

e) If x3 + 2xy2 - y3 + x = 1 , obtain the expansion of y in

ascending powers of x

Unit 3 : Partial Differentiation

𝑦 𝑥 𝑥2− 𝑦2
1) If u = x 2 tan−1( ) – y 2 tan−1 ( ), find uxy. Ans : uxy =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2+ 𝑦2
2) If u = x – y – f(xy) then show that uxx + uyy = (x – y ) f”(xy).
2 2 4 4

𝜕 𝜕 2 −4
3) If u = log(x3 + y3 – x2 y – xy2), then prove that ( + ) u=
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 (𝑥+𝑦)2
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
4) If u = xy then verify =
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥
𝑥 𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕2 𝑣
5) Let 𝑣 = tan−1( ), find 𝑎𝑛𝑑 . Is = ?
𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
6) If u = 3xy – y3 + (𝑦 2 – 2x)1/2 then verify that =
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥
1
7) If u = f(r) where r = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 prove that uxx + uyy = f’’(r) + f’(r)
𝑟
8) If u = log + √𝑥 2
+ 𝑦2 𝑧2, 2
show that (x + y + z )(uxx + uyy + uzz)= 1 2 2

(Hint: Consider r = x + y + z2 hence u = log r)

2 2 2

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑣
9)If u = ax + by , v = bx – ay find the value of ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑢 𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑢
Ans:1
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
10) If x = u tanv, y = u secv then prove that ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑥

𝑥+𝑦
11)If u = sin-1( ) then prove that
√𝑥+√𝑦

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 1
𝑥2 ( 2
) + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 ( )= (tan3 𝑢 − tan 𝑢)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 4

𝑥 3 +𝑦 3 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
12) If u = ,find the value 𝑥 2 ( 𝜕𝑥 2 ) + 2𝑥𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 + 𝑦 2 (𝜕𝑦2 ) + 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + y 𝜕𝑦
𝑦 √𝑥
at point (1,2)
13) If x = eu tanv, y= eu secv find the value of (𝑥. 𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
+ 𝑦. 𝜕𝑦 )( 𝑥. 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦. 𝜕𝑦 ). Ans:0

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
14) If u = x2 + y2 where x = s + 3t, y =2s - t ,prove that =2 )
𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑠 2

15)If z = f(x,y) where x = eu+e-v, y = e-u – ev then prove that

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
− =𝑥 −𝑦
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑑𝑢
16) Find given that u = x log xy and x3 + y3= -3xy
𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
17) If Φ(x,y,z)=0 then prove that ( ) ( ) ( ) = -1
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑧
𝑑𝑦
18) If (cosx)y =(siny)x then find .
𝑑𝑥
𝑢 𝑣
19) If u.x + v.y = 0 and + = 1 then prove that
𝑥 𝑦
𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝑣 𝜕𝑦
( ) + ( ) =0
𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝑣 𝑦 𝜕𝑣 𝑢

20) If 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 then show that

𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
a) ( )2 + ( )2 = 1 b) ( ) ( ) = 1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝑥 𝜕𝑟 Ө

Unit 4: Application of Partial Differentiation

1) If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ , 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ , 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 show that

𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑟 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝜕(𝑟,𝜃,∅)
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
2) If 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑦𝑧, 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑧𝑥, 𝑤𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦 find Answer = 4
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)

3) If 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 − 𝑧 3, 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧, 𝑤 = 2𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 find
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
𝑎𝑡 (1, −1, 0)
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)

Answer = 6
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
4) If 𝑥 = 𝑢 − 𝑣 + 𝑤, 𝑦 = 𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 − 𝑤 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑢3 𝑣 find
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
2(
Answer = 6𝑢 𝑣 + 𝑤 ) +
2𝑢 + 2𝑤
 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
5) If 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , 𝑤 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 find
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
Answer = 0
2
6) If 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑢 + 𝑣 ), 𝑦 = 𝑏(𝑢 − 𝑣 )𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑟 cos 2𝜃 , 𝑣 =
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
𝑟 2 sin 2𝜃 , 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 being constant, then find .
𝜕(𝑟,𝜃)
Answer = −8𝑎𝑏𝑟 3
7) If 𝑥 = √𝑣𝑤, 𝑦 = √𝑢𝑤, 𝑧 = √𝑢𝑣 and = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ , 𝑣 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ , 𝑧 =
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) 1
𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 . Answer= (𝑟 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 )
𝜕(𝑟,𝜃,∅) 4
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕(𝑢 ,𝑣)
8) 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑢 cos 𝑣 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑣 prove that =1
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕(𝑢 ,𝑣)
9) 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑣 sec 𝑢 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑣 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 prove that =1
𝜕(𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦)

10) If 𝑥 = 𝑢 (1 − 𝑣 ), 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣 show that 𝐽𝐽′ = 1

11) If 𝑥 = 𝑣 2 + 𝑤 2, 𝑦 = 𝑤 2 + 𝑢2 , 𝑧 = 𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 then prove that

𝐽𝐽′ = 1

12) Show that 𝐽𝐽′ = 1 for the following

𝑢
i) 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣 , 𝑦 =
𝑣
ii) 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑦, 𝑣 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
13) Check whether the following functions are functionally dependent, if so
𝑥+𝑦
find the relation between them, 𝑢 = , 𝑣 = tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦
1−𝑥𝑦
14) Check whether the following functions are functionally dependent, if so
find the relation between them, 𝑢 = sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 , 𝑣 = 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 +
𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2
15) If 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , 𝑤 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 examine
whether the above functions are functionally dependent; if so find the
relation between them.
16) Show that the function 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 −
2𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑧𝑥, 𝑤 = 𝑥 3 are functionally related
17) Under which condition 𝑢 = 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2
are functionally dependent.
1
18) If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (50 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )2 then find the approximate value of
𝑓 (3,4) − 𝑓(2.9,4.1). Answer is 0.02
19) If the area of rectangular field is calculated by measuring its length and
breadth. If there is an error of 2% in measuring the length and an error of
3% in measuring the breadth of the field, find the approximate % error in
the calculated area of the field. Answer : 5%
1 1 2
20) The focal length of the mirror is found from the formula : − = find
𝑣 𝑢 𝑓
the percentage error in 𝑓, if 𝑢 and 𝑣 are both in error by 2% each.
Answer is 2%

21) Find Maximum and minimum value of following functions

1. (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) Ans: No maxima , No
Minima
2. 2(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 Ans: Max at (±1,0) minima at (0, ±1)
3. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 − 2(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) , Ans: Min value -1 at (1,0) and (-1,0)
22) Divide 24 into three parts such that the continue product of the first
square of second and cube of third is maximum.
Ans: 4,8,12
23) Find three positive numbers whose sum is 100 and product is maximum
100 100 100
Ans : , ,
3 3 3

24) Find Minimum value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2, given 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3𝑎 uisng

Lagrange’s method. Ans: 3𝑎2
25) Find the points on the surface 𝑧 2 = 𝑥𝑦 + 1nearest to the origin, by using
Lagrange’s Method Ans: (0,0, ±1)
26) Find Maximum and minimum distance of the point (3,4,12)from the
sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1, using Lagrange’s Method
Ans: Maximum Distance = 14
Minimum Distance = 12