Mini Project-II

On

Textile Industry Analysis

(KMBN - 252)

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-

Mr. Pawan Omer Syed Hasan Aziz
(Assistant Professor) AKTU Roll No: 2104340700044
MBA Department Batch MBA: 2021-2023

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

"It is not possible to prepare a project report without the assistance &
encouragement of other people. This one is certainly no exception."

On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt
obligation towards all the personages who have helped me in this endeavor. Without
their active guidance, help. cooperation & encouragement, I would not have made
headway in the project.

I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to my faculty “Mr. Pawan Omer,

Assistant Professor” for his valuable guidance and support on completion of this
project.

Sign:-
Name: - Syed Hasan Aziz
AKTU Roll No. :- 2104340700044

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 PREFACE

I am going to make a project on Indian Textile Industry Analysis and in order to

know the Production of the small sector, the Material, Designs, Special Costume in
a Region, Manufacturing process and Layout. This project also gives the some
important information of textile industry those brands, different product, New
business, New technologies, New partnership. Because technologies also shape
corporate destines.

The report is made with clear objective of study of “Textile Industry” it’s
working. The report will give the details of Production .My report provides
you all the information related to the Production. I hope this report fulfils need
of the educational requirements.

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 INDEX

S.NO PARTICULAR PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1-2
2 HISTORY 3

3 STRUCTURE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY 4

4 INDIAN TEXTILE SEGMENTS 5

5 SWOT ANALYSIS 6-9

6 FACTORS AFFECTING TEXTILE INDUSTRY 10

7 INDIA’S POSITION IN WORLD TEXTILE ECONOMY 11-12

8 EXPORT SCENARIO 13-14

9 GOVT. INITIATES & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 15-16

10 INVESTMENT AND OPPORTUNITIES 17

11 SIZE AND SHAPE OF INDUSTRY 18

12 MAJOR PLAYERS 19
20
13 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES MAP
21-26
14 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY
15 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES 27

16 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MEASURES IN TEXTILE 28-31

INDUSTRIES
17 CONCLUSION 32

18 BIBLIOGRAPHY 33

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 INTRODUCTION

◼ The Indian textile industry is among the oldest industries in the country dating
back several centuries. The industry contributes 7% to the total industry output and
2% to the GDP. It also contributes 12% to export earnings and holds 5% of the global
trade in textiles and apparel.

◼ The Indian textiles industry is also the second largest contributor towards
employment generation, after agriculture, contributing 10% to the country’s
manufacturing, owing to its labor-intensive nature. India also enjoys a comparative
advantage in terms of skilled manpower and cost of production relative to major
textile producers.

◼ The Indian textile and apparel industry can be broadly divided into two segments
– yarn and fiber, and processed fabrics and apparel. The industry is extremely
varied, with the hand-spun and hand-woven textiles sectors at one end of the spectrum
and the capital intensive sophisticated mills sector at the other end of the spectrum.
The decentralized power looms/ hosiery and knitting sector form the largest
component of the textiles sector.

◼ The industry is also highly sensitive to the cotton market as over 70% of its
output is based on cotton - unlike globally where articles made of man-made fibers
account for a larger share.

◼ India is the second largest producer and exporter of textiles after China and
fourth largest producer and exporter of apparel after China, Bangladesh and Vietnam.

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 Superior quality makes companies in India a leader in export- almost two-thirds of
India’s export of textiles is to US and UK.

◼ India is also a key growth market for the technical textiles sector due to the cost
effectiveness, durability and versatility of technical textiles. Technical textile
industries major service offerings include thermal protection and blood absorbing
materials, seatbelts and adhesive tapes. Healthcare and infrastructure sectors are the
major drivers of the technical textile industry.

◼ Increased penetration of organized retail, favorable demographics, and rising

income levels are likely to drive demand for textiles.

◼ In order to attract investment in the industry, the Government has introduced

various schemes such as the Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) and
the Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks. Under Union Budget 2020-21, the
government of India has proposed a National Technical Textiles Mission for the
period FY21 to FY24 at an estimated outlay of Rs 14.8 billion.

◼ 100% FDI is allowed under the automatic route in the Indian textile sector. The
industry (including dyed and printed) attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) worth
US$ 3.46 billion from April 2000 to September 2020.

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 HISTORY

◼ The term 'Textile' is a Latin word originating from the word 'texere' which means 'to
weave' .

◼ The history of textile is almost as old as that of human civilization.

◼ In India the culture of silk was introduced in 400AD .

◼ modern textile industry took birth in India in the early nineteenth century.

◼ The first cotton textile mill of Bombay was established in 1854.

◼ during the year 1900 the cotton textile industry was in bad state After independence, the
cotton textile industry made rapid strides under the Plans.

◼ English inventors in the 18th century began to automate textile cottage industry processes
including carding, spinning and weaving.

◼ James Hargreaves developed the Spinning Jenny, a device which replaced eight hand
spinners in one operation. Richard Arkwright assembled these processes and started the
first factory on the Derwent River in Cromford,England in 1771.

◼ In the early 1800s, cotton was raised in the southern United States and exported to mills
in England and the north.

◼ In 1814, James Cabot Lowell of Boston built a factory in Waltham, up the Charles River
from Boston.

◼ Later, the Boston Associates built an entire mill town on the Merrimack River, and later
named it "Lowell" in memory of James Cabot Lowell.

◼ In the 1990s, a new world order began to replace. Buying from the lowest cost producer
drove many textile manufacturers out of the production side and into imports.

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 STRUCTURE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

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 INDIAN TEXTILE SEGMENTS

Indian textile industry can be divided into several segments, some of which can be listed as
below:

◼ Cotton Textiles

◼ Silk Textiles

◼ Woollen Textiles

◼ Readymade Garments

◼ Hand-crafted Textiles

◼ Jute and Coir

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 SWOT Analysis

Strengths:

◼ Indian Textile Industry is an Independent & Self-Reliant industry.

◼ Abundant Raw Material availability that helps industry to control costs and reduces the
lead-time across the operation.

◼ Availability of Low Cost and Skilled Manpower provides competitive advantage to

industry.

◼ Availability of large varieties of cotton fiber and has a fast growing synthetic fiber
industry.

◼ India has great advantage in Spinning Sector and has a presence in all process of
operation and value chain.

◼ India has rich resources of raw materials of textile industry. It is one of the largest
producers of cotton in the world and is also rich in resources of fibres like polyester, silk,
viscose etc.

◼ India is rich in highly trained manpower. The country has a huge advantage due to lower
wage rates. Because of low labour rates the manufacturing cost in textile automatically
comes down to very reasonable rates.

◼ India is highly competitive in spinning sector and has presence in almost all processes of
the value chain.

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 Weaknesses:
◼ Indian Textile Industry is highly Fragmented Industry.

◼ Industry is highly dependent on Cotton.

◼ Lower Productivity in various segments.

◼ There is Declining in Mill Segment.

◼ Lack of Technological Development that affect the productivity and other activities in
whole value chain.

◼ Infrastructural Bottlenecks and Efficiency such as, Transaction Time at Ports and
transportation Time.

◼ Unfavorable labor Laws.

◼ Lack of Trade Membership, which restrict to tap other potential market.

◼ Lacking to generate Economies of Scale.

◼ Higher Indirect Taxes, Power and Interest Rates.

◼ Knitted garments manufacturing has remained as an extremely fragmented industry.

Global players would prefer to source their entire requirement from two or three vendors
and the Indian garment units find it difficult to meet the capacity requirements.

◼ Industry still plagued with some historical regulations such as knitted garments still
remaining as a SSI domain.

◼ Labour force giving low productivity as compared to other competing countries.

◼ Low bargaining power in a customer-ruled market.

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 Opportunities:

◼ Growth rate of Domestic Textile Industry is 6-8% per annum.

◼ Large, Potential Domestic and International Market.

◼ Product development and Diversification to cater global needs.

◼ Elimination of Quota Restriction leads to greater Market Development.

◼ Market is gradually shifting towards Branded Readymade Garment.

◼ Increased Disposable Income and Purchasing Power of Indian Customer opens New
Market Development.

◼ Emerging Retail Industry and Malls provide huge opportunities for the Apparel,
Handicraft and other segments of the industry.

◼ Greater Investment and FDI opportunities are available.

◼ Low per-capita domestic consumption of textile indicating significant potential growth.

◼ Domestic market extremely sensitive to fashion fads and this has resulted in the
development of a responsive garment industry.

◼ India's global share is just 3% while China controls about 15%. In post-2005, China is
expected to capture 43% of global textile trade.

◼ Companies need to concentrate on new product developments.

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 Threats:
◼ Competition from other developing countries, especially China.

◼ Continuous Quality Improvement is need of the hour as there are different demand
patterns all over the world.

◼ Elimination of Quota system will lead to fluctuations in Export Demand.

◼ Threat for Traditional Market for Powerloom and Handloom Products and forcing them
for product diversification.

◼ Geographical Disadvantages.

◼ International labor and Environmental Laws.

◼ To balance the demand and supply.

◼ To make balance between price and quality.

◼ Competition in post-2005 is not just in exports, but is also likely within the country due
to cheaper imports of goods of higher quality at lower costs.

◼ Standards such as SA-8000 or WARP have resulted in increased pressure on companies

for improvement of their working practices.

◼ Alternative competitive advantages would continue to be a barrier.

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 FACTORS AFFECTING TEXTILE INDUSTRY

◼ Rivalry
◼ Government Regulation Policy
◼ Demand Condition
◼ Cost and Location

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 INDIA’S POSITION IN WORLD TEXTILE ECONOMY

◼ India has recorded its highest-ever textiles and apparel exports at $44.4 billion, including
Handicrafts, in the financial year 2022, indicating an increase of 41 per cent over FY21
and 26 per cent over FY20, said the Ministry of Textiles in a statement on Tuesday.

◼ The statement also added that the USA was the top export destination for the nation’s
textiles and apparel shipments and accounted for 27 per cent share. European Union
stood second with 18 per cent shipments, Bangladesh was in the third position with 12
per cent and UAE stands in fourth place with 6 per cent.

◼ "In terms of product categories, the export of cotton textiles was $17.2 billion with 39 per
cent share registering a growth of 54 per cent and 67 per cent during 2021-22 over FY21
and FY20, respectively," reads the statement.

◼ Export of ready-made garments was at $16 billion with 36 per cent share in FY22, up 31
per cent against the last year. Man-made textiles exports were at $6.3 billion with a 14
per cent share in the previous financial year, a growth of 51 per cent against FY21 and 18
per cent over FY20.

◼ Handicrafts export was at $2.1 billion with a 5 per cent share against total textiles and
apparel exports during FY22, showing an increase of 22 per cent and 16 per cent over
FY21 and FY20, respectively.

ECONOMIC SURVEY : 2021-2022: TEXTILE SECTOR

◼ Close to Rs.203000 crores have been invested in textile industry with direct and indirect
employment of about 105 million people in the last decade
◼ Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Man Made Fiber (MMF) segment and
technical textiles, notified in September 2021, for enhancing India’s manufacturing

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 capabilities and enhancing exports will focus on promotion of 40 MMF apparel and 10
Technical textiles lines. It is estimated that over the period of five years, the PLI Scheme
for Textiles will lead to fresh investment of more than Rs.19,000 crore, cumulative
turnover of over Rs.3 lakh crore will be achieved under this scheme and, will create
additional employment opportunities of more than 7.5 lakh jobs in this sector.
◼ The government notified the setting up of 7 PM MEGA INTEGRATED TEXTILES
REGION AND APPAREL PARK (MITRA) in October 2021 with a total outlay of
Rs.4,445 crores. The scheme is expected to strengthen the vision of AtmaNirbhar Bharat
and to position India strongly on the global textiles map.
◼ PM MITRA inspired from 5F’s -farm to fibre; fibre to factory; factory to fashion; fashion
to foreign -will strengthen the textile sector by developing integrated large scale and
modern industrial infrastructure facility for entire value-chain of the textile industry. It is
expected to reduce the logistics cost and will help India in attracting investments, and
boosting employment generation. Competitiveness Incentive Support (CIS) of Rs.300
Crore will also be provided to each PM MITRA Park for early establishment of textiles
manufacturing units in PM MITRA Park
◼ Amongst the manufacturing sector, textiles and wearing apparel staged strong recovery
and reverted to positive growth trajectory from March 2021 onwards.

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 EXPORT SCENARIO

◼ Developed countries' exports declined from 52.2% share in 1990 to 37.8 % in 2002. And
that of developing countries increased from 47.8% to 62.2 % in the same period.

◼ In 2003 the exports figures in percentage of the world trade in Textiles Group (for select
countries) were:

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 INDIAN TEXTILE EXPORT FY-2015

INDIA’S TEXTILE EXPORTS

(In US$ Billion)

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 Government Initiates and Regulatory Framework

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES:

◼ The Government of India has promoted a number of export promotion

policies for the textile sector in the Union Budget 2011-12 and the Foreign
Trade Policy 2009-14.

◼ Welfare Schemes.
◼ E-Marketing.
◼ Skill Development.
◼ Credit Linkages.
◼ Financial Package for waiver of overdues.
◼ Textile Parks.

◼ The government has offered health insurance coverage to 161.10 million weavers and
ancillary workers under handloom weavers comprehensive scheme.

◼ As per the 12th year five year plan, the integrated skill development scheme aims to train
over 2675,000 people within next 5 years.

◼ As per the credit guarantee program, over 25000 artisans credit cards have been supplied
to artisans and 16.50 million additional applications for issuing credit cards have been
forwarded to banks .

◼ The Indian government has given approval to 40 new textiles parks to be set up and this
would be executed over a period of 36 months.

◼ The new textiles park would leverage employment to 400,000 textile workers

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RECENT DEVELOPMENT:

Along with the increasing export figures in the Indian Apparel sector in the country, Bangladesh
is planning to set up two Special Economic Zones (SEZ) for attracting Indian companies, and
duty free between the two countries.
The two SEZs are intended to come up on 100-acre plots of land in Kishoreganj and Chattak, in
Bangladesh.

POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

◼ Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC),2000

◼ Jute Technology Mission (JTM),2006
◼ Development of mega cluster schemes
• CPCDS
• CHCDS
• CHCDS

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 INVESTMENT AND OPPORTUNITIES

INVESTMENT:

◼ The textile sector has witnessed a spurt in investment during the last five years.

◼ The Industry (including dyed and printed) attracted foreign direct investments(FDI)
worth US$ 1.04 Billion during April 2000 to November 2012.

OPPORTUNITIES:

◼ Private Sector Participation in Silk Production.

◼ Technical Textiles.
◼ Retail Sector.
◼ Centres of Excellence (CoE) for research and technical
training.

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 SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY

◼ The Indian Textile Industry Today Has Approximately 1200 Medium To Large Scale
Textile Mills In India. 20%Of These Mills Are Located In Coimbatore (Tamilnadu).

◼ The Industry Has 34 Million Cotton Textile Spindles For Manufacturing Cotton Yarn
Which Account For 70 Percent Of India's Textile Exports. (China Has 40 Million Cotton
Spindles.)

◼ Of The Indian Textile Yarn Exports, Almost 80 Percent Come From Coarser Yarns
(Counts Below 40's). Consequently, There Is A Need To Upgrade The Technology.

◼ The Domestic Knitting Industry Is Characterized By Small Scale Units With Facilities
For Dyeing, Processing And Finishing. The Industry Is Concentrated In Tirupur
(Tamilnadu) And Ludhiana (Punjab). Tirupur Produces 60 Percent Of The Country's
Total Knitwear Exports.

◼ Knitted Garments Account For Almost 32 Percent Of All Exported Garments. The Major
Players Include Nahar Spinning, Arun Processors And Jersey India.

SHAPE OF THE INDUSTRY

◼ Large Industry – 3% of GDP

◼ 27% of Forex earnings

◼ 21% of total employment

◼ Very large unorganised sector – about 76% of total fabrics production

◼ Market is very diverse, does not lend itself to comparative studies in terms of market
share etc.

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 MAJOR PLAYERS

➢ Arvind Mills
◼ Arvind Mills is one of the fully vertically integrated players in India.
◼ It has large capacities in denim, shirting and knitted garments.
◼ Adding value by manufacturing denim apparel.
◼ Its sales are around US$ 300 millions with little less than 9% profitability

➢ Reymonds
◼ Raymonds has the large integrated business model, across the value chain from yarn to
retail.
◼ It already supplies to some US retailers.
◼ it second largest denim player in India.
◼ Its annual sales are around US$ 300 millions with little less than 7 % profitability.

➢ Vardhman Spinning
◼ Vardhman has capacities in spinning, weaving and processing.
◼ It is planning to double its fabric processing capacity to 50 million meters.
◼ It is an approved supplier to global retailers like GaP, Target and Tommy Hilfiger.
◼ Its sales are little over US$ 120 millions with 6.5% profitability.

➢ Welspun India

◼ Welspun is among the top five manufacturers of terry towels in the world
◼ It sells its products in 24 countries
◼ It is supplier to retailers such as Wal-Mart, J C Penny, and Shopko.
◼ Its revenues are little over US$ 100 millions with little less than 8%profitability.

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 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES MAP

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 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION:-

Products are the goods and services produced and processes are the facilities, skills, and
technologies used to produce them. Production function or operation function is the primary
function of an industrial enterprise. It is also known as conversion process or transformation
process which transforms some of the inputs (raw material and components) into outputs which
are useful for the consumers.

INPUTS CONVERSION OUTPUTS

PROCESS

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 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

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FIBER PREPARATION:-
Raw Cotton Contains Cotton Fiber Along With
Small Plant Parts And Field Trash That Are Not
Removed By The Ginning Process. At This
Stage, The Cotton Fiber Has A Coating Of Oils
And Waxes That Make It Hydrophobic. Raw
Fiber Is Suitable For Making Nonwovens To Be
Used In Industrial Products In Which
Absorbency And Aesthetics Are Not Important.
In Some Cases, Nonwoven Fabrics Made With
Raw Fiber Can Be Wet Processed In the Same
Manner As Woven And Knitted Fabrics

• SPINNING:-

Most Spinning Is Done Using Break Or Open-End Spinning, This Is A Technique

Where The Staples Are Blown By Air Into A Rotating Drum, Where They Attach
Themselves To The Tail Of Formed Yarn That Is Continually Being Drawn Out Of The
Chamber. Other Methods Of Break Spinning Use Needles And Electrostatic Forces.
This Method Has Replaced The Older Methods Of Ring And Mule Spinning. It Is Also
Easily Adapted For Artificial Fibers.

The Spinning Machine Takes The Roving, Thins It And Twists It, Creating Yarn.

In Mule Spinning The Roving Is Pulled Off A Bobbin And Fed Through Rollers,
Which Are Feeding At Several Different Speeds. This Thins The Roving At A Consistent
Rate. If The Roving Was Not A Consistent Size, Then This Step Could Cause A Break In
The Yarn, Or Could Jam The Machine. The Yarn Is Twisted Through The Spinning Of
The Bobbin As The Carriage Moves Out, And Is Rolled Onto A Cop As The Carriage
Returns. Mule Spinning Produces A Finer Thread Than The Less Skilled Ring Spinning.

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 MULE SPINNING RING SPINNING

• WEAVING:-

Weaving Is A Method Of Fabric Production In Which Two Distinct Sets Of Yarns

Or Threads Are Interlaced At Right Angles To Form A Fabric Or Cloth. The Other
Methods Are Knitting, Lace Making, Felting, And Braiding Or Plaiting. The
Longitudinal Threads Are Called The Warp And The Lateral Threads Are The Weft Or
Filling. (WEFT OR WOOF IS AN OLD ENGLISH WORD MEANING "THAT
WHICH IS WOVEN".) The Method In Which These Threads Are Inter Woven Affects
The Characteristics Of The Cloth.

Cloth Is Usually Woven On A Loom, A Device That Holds The Warp Threads In
Place While Filling Threads Are Woven Through Them. A Fabric Band Which Meets
This Definition Of Cloth (Warp Threads With A Weft Thread Winding Between) Can
Also Be Made Using Other Methods, Including Tablet Weaving, Back-Strap, Or Other
Techniques Without Looms.

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DYEING:-
The Most Commonly Used Processes For Imparting Color To
Cotton Are Piece Dyeing And Yarn Dyeing.
In Piece Dyeing, Which Is Used Primarily For Fabrics That Are To
Be A Solid Color, A Continuous Length Of Dry Cloth Is Passed
Full-Width Through A Trough Of Hot Dye Solution. The Cloth
Then Goes Between Padded Rollers That Squeeze In The Color
Evenly And Removes The Excess Liquid. In One Variation Of This
Basic Method, The Fabric, In A Rope-Like Coil, Is Processed On A
Reel That Passes In And Out Of A Dye Beck Or Vat.

Yarn Dyeing, Which Occurs Before The Cloth Is Woven Or

Knitted, Is Used To Produce Gingham Checks, Plaids, Woven Stripes And Other Special Effects.
Blue Dyed Warp Yarns, For Example, Are Combined With White Filling Yarns In Denim
Construction.

PRINTING:-
Colored Designs On Cotton Cloth Is Similar To Printing On Paper.

Long Runs Of The Same Fabric Design Are Produced On A Roller

Print Machine Operating At Speeds Between 50 To 100 Yards A
Minute. As Many As Of 10 Different Colors Can Be Printed In One
Continuous Operation.

A Typical Printing Machine Has A Large Padded Drum Or Cylinder,

Which Is Surrounded By A Series Of Copper Rollers, Each With Its
Own Dye Trough And Doctor Blade That Scrapes Away Excess Dye.
The Number Of Rollers Varies According To The Fabric Design, Since Each Color In The
Design Is Etched On A Separate Roller. As The Cloth Moves Between The Rotating Drum And
Rollers Under Great Pressure, It Picks Up Color From The Engraved Area Of Each Roller In
Sequence. The Printed Cloth Is Dried Immediately And Conveyed To An Oven That Sets The
Dye.

Automatic Screen-Printing Is Another Principal Method For Imparting Colored Designs To

Cotton Fabrics. Although Slower Than Roller Printing, It Has The Advantage Of Producing
Much Larger And More Intricate Designs, Elaborate Shadings And Various Handcrafted Effects.

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FINISHING:-
Finishing, As The Term Implies, Is The Final Step In Fabric Production. Hundreds Of
Finishes Can Be Applied To Textiles, And The Methods Of Application Are As Varied As The
Finishes.

Cotton Fabrics Are Probably Finished In More Different Ways Than Any Other Type Of
Fabrics. Some Finishes Change The Look And Feel Of The Cotton Fabric, While Others Add
Special Characteristics Such As Durable Press, Water Repellency, Flame Resistance, Shrinkage
Control And Others. Several Different Finishes May Be Applied To A Single Fabric.

CUTTING:-

The Fabric Is Then Cut With The Help Of Cloth Cutting Machines Suitable For The
Type Of The Cloth. These Can Be Band Cutters Having Similar Work Method Like That Of
Band Saws; Cutters Having Rotary Blades; Machines Having Reciprocal Blades Which Saw Up
And Down; Die Clickers Similar To Die Or Punch Press; Or Computerized Machines That Use
Either Blades Or Laser Beams To Cut The Fabric In Desired Shapes.

SEWING:-
It Is The Most Important Department/ Section Of A Garment Manufacturing Industry. Sewing
Machines Of Different Types Are Arranged As A Vertical Line To Assemble The Garments.

Sequence Of Types Of Sewing Machine Arrangement Depends On Sequence Of Assembling

Operations. Number Of Sewing Machine Per Line Varies From 20 No.S To 60 No.S Depending
On The Style Of The Garmnet To Be Produce. Production Pr Line Pr Hour Also Varies From
100 To 150 Pieces Depending On Specific Circumstances. Number Of Sewing Machine
Arrangement Per Line May Be Up To 60 Depending On Design And Output Quantity Of
Garment.

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 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

The Indian Textile Industry of India is vast and growing with presence of several national and
international brands. The main segments of the Indian textile industry are Man-made Textiles,
Cotton Textiles including Handlooms, Silk Textiles, Woolen Textiles, Handicrafts, Coir,
Readymade Garments, and Jute.

Job opportunities are diverse in nature in the textile industry ranging from production, designing,
distribution and sales. The need for manpower for the textile industry is growing to keep up with
the growing demand; fresher’s are finding numerous job opportunities in the textile industry of
India.

The Indian textile industry offers opportunities to fresher's from various academic backgrounds
as nature of job is diverse. A textile engineer must have an engineering background; either B.E.
or B.Tech is preferred

• Indian Textile Industry Covers 61 % Of The International Textile Market And 22 % Of

The Global Market
• Indian Textile Industry Is Known To Be The 3rd Largest Manufacturer Of Cotton Across
The Globe.
• This Industry Of India Claims To Be The 2nd Largest Manufacturer As Well As Provider
Of Cotton Yarn And Textiles In The World
• India Holds Around 25 % Share In The Cotton Yarn Industry Across The Globe
• India Textile Industry Contributes To Around 12 %Of The World's Production Of Cotton
Yarn And Textiles.

Size Of The 1200 Medium To Large Scale

Industry Textile Mills In India
Geographical Tamilnadu, Andhrapradesh,
Distribution Punjab, Karnataka,
Maharashtra
Output Per Annum 16% Per Annum Growth Rate
And 1000 Million Kg Per
Annum
Percentage In 7% Share In The Global
World Market Market
Market 4% To The Share Of GDP
Capitalization

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 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MEASURES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Introduction:-
There Are Numerous Health And Safety (H&S) Issues Associated With The textile Industry.
These Include: Chemical Exposure From The Processing and Dyeing Of Materials; Exposure To
Cotton And Other Organic Dusts, Which Can Affect The Throat And Lungs; Musculoskeletal
Stresses; Noise exposure, Which Can Lead To Hearing Loss; Temperature And Ventilation,
Which Can Lead To Fatigue And Dehydration If Temperatures Are Too High; And Working
Hours And Breaks, Including Access To Food, Drinks And Bathroom Facilities. This Booklet
Reviews Some Key Areas Of H&S In textile Dyeing Such As The Information Present In
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), Fire Hazard Training And Various Other Components Of
H&S.

Health And Safety Regulations Have Been In Place In Textile Industries Across Europe And The
USA Since The 1970s. In England, The Health And Safety At Work Act Was Introduced In The
Early 1970s And The Health And Safety Executive (HSE) Was Formed And Given
Responsibility For Providing The Framework For Workplace H&S. Different Countries Have
Different Standards On H&S Practices And This Booklet Takes Some Of The Key Elements Of
These That Are Applicable To Promoting A Safe Working Environment In The Textile Industry
In Bangladesh.

CHEMICAL SAFETY
◼ Hazardous Chemicals and their Symbols
◼ Material Safety Data Sheet
◼ Risk Assessment of Chemicals
◼ Health Effects of Dyes and Chemicals
◼ Chemical Storage and Disposal of Waste
◼ First Aid

LABORATORY SAFETY PROTOCOL

◼ Laboratory Safety Protocol
◼ Factory Floor Safety Protocol

RESPONSIBILITY
◼ Role of The Management
◼ Role of The Factory Staff

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HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS AND THEIR SYMBOLS

◼ Substances used directly in work activities (e.g. adhesives, solvents, cleaning agents);
◼ Substances generated during work activities (e.g. fumes from soldering and welding);
◼ Naturally occurring substances (e.g. dust); and Biological agents such as bacteria and
other micro-organisms.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Exist To Provide Workers With The Proper
Procedures For Handling Or Working With Particular Substances And Should Therefore Be
Supplied For Each Individual Substance. MSDS Includes Information As Physical Data (Melting
Point, Boiling Point And Flash Point), Toxicity, Health Effects, Reactivity, Required Storage
Conditions, Disposal Methods, Protective Equipment, First Aid, And Spill Or Leak Procedures.
When A Substance Is Bought, The Manufacturer Should Provide The Purchaser (The Textile
Factory) With The MSDS For It. The MSDS Should Be Received By The Factory The First
Time Goods Are Delivered.
They Should Be Available In The Manager’s Office, The Storeroom Or An Appropriate
Place Where People Can Have Easy Access To Them When Needed. Staff Members Who
Regularly Handle Such Chemicals Should Be Aware Of The Contents Of The MSDS And
Should Be Provided With Training To Advise Them Of The Aspects That May Impact On Their
Health If Chemicals Are Not Handled Correctly.

RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS

An inventory and risk assessment of all chemicals and dyes that are present at the factory must
be undertaken by the management. The MSDS simplify this process by providing much of the
information required in this risk assessment. The risk assessment should consider how chemicals
are stored and handled. The information in the inventory and risk assessment must be made
available to all workers. The factory management team should remove unnecessary risks and
protect against those that remain. The steps involved in undertaking a risk assessment include:
• Reference to the supplier’s MSDS;
• Observations at the factory (on the production floor, in the laboratory and in the
chemical store);
• Consultation with employees and supervisors; and
• Assessing feedback and results from monitoring of potential health risks.

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 HEALTH EFFECTS OF DYES AND CHEMICALS

There is no evidence to suggest that the majority of the dyestuffs currently used in textile
dyeing and finishing are harmful to human health at the levels of exposure that workers generally
face in the factories. However, with long-term or accidental over exposure, there can be potential
health hazards and all dyes and chemicals must therefore be treated with care. The most common
hazard of reactive dyes is respiratory problems due to the inhalation of dye particles. Sometimes
they can affect a person’s immune system and in extreme cases this can mean that when the
person next inhales the dye their body can react dramatically. This is called respiratory
sensitization and symptoms include itching, watery eyes, sneezing and symptoms of asthma such
as coughing and wheezing.

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ROLE OF THE MANAGEMENT

The Management Should Regularly Check And Document The National Laws And Regulations
Concerning Workplace Safety. The Management Should Then Develop A Protocol Through
Which To Implement These Laws.
It May Also Be Necessary To Consider The Requirements Of Certain Buyers, Who May Have
Codes Of Conduct That Include Aspects Of H&S, Corporate Social Responsibility And
Environmental Responsibility. The Protocol Given In This Document Should Provide A Good
Basis For This And If Implemented Correctly Could Improve The Safety Of The Working
Environment In Most Factories.

PROVIDE BASIC NEEDS

Employees Should Be Given Access To Safe Drinking Water As Well As A Clean Area For
Meals. Meals Should Be Taken In A Separate Area Away From The Factory Production. The
Factory Staff Should Also Have Access To A Sufficient Number Of Toilets Of Adequate
Quality, This Is A Legal Requirement And Contained In Most Codes Of Conduct Provided By
Buyers.

◼ There Should Also Be Signs Saying “No Food And Drink” In Areas Such As The
Laboratory, Store Room And Factory Floor, And Any Other Areas Where It Is
Not Safe To Consume Food, For Example Because Of The Risk Of
Contamination By Chemicals.
◼ Hazardous Chemicals Should Be Clearly Marked In An Appropriate Language
And With Clear Symbols That People Have Been Trained To Recognise And
Understand.
◼ Heavy Objects Should Be Marked As Such To Avoid Musculoskeletal Accidents.
◼ Substances Or Items That Present A Fire Hazard Should Be Clearly Labelled
With The Universally Recognized Symbol.
◼ Signs Should Be Placed Near Inflammable Substances Stating That It Is Not
Permitted To Smoke Or Have Open Fires.
◼ Showers And Eye Washes Should Be Made Available And Clearly Marked.

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 CONCLUSION

◼ A huge window of opportunity has opened up for the Indian textile industry

◼ Various players need to get act together.

◼ Government is playing the role of facilitator by taking various majors.

◼ It’s now for players to make investments in building the capacities and making them
integrated manufacturers.

◼ The industry enjoys significant strength and advantages, such as availability of raw
materials, labour, domestic market and supportive government policies.

◼ Indian Textile industry is one of the largest and most important

industries in the Indian economy in terms of output, foreign exchange
earnings and employment generation.

◼ Textile industry has made a major contribution to the national

economy in terms of direct and indirect employment generation and
net foreign exchange earnings

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOK:- 1) operation and supply management 12th edition

2) Production and operation management (k.aswathappa Himalaya publishing house)

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