COST ESTIMATION

Introduction

For the construction of all engineering works it’s essential to know before hand the
probable cost of construction work which consist of the cost of material, cost of
transportation, cost of labour, cost of scaffolding, cost of tools and plants, cost of
preparation and supervision changes, also cost of taxes and the profit of the
constructor. If the estimated cost is greater than the money available, then attempts
are made to reduce the cost by reducing the work or by changing the specifications.
From this the important of estimation for engineers may be understood. In
preparing estimation, the quantities of different items of work are calculated by
simple mensuration method and from these quantities the cost is calculated. The
subject of estimating is simple, nothing much to understand, but knowledge of
drawing is essential.
Accuracy in estimate is very important if estimate exceeded it becomes a very
difficulty problem for engineers to explain, to account for and arrange for the
additional money.
The calculation mainly consists of:
Length * breadth*height/thickness

Definition:

• It helps in working at approximate cost of works before they are taken in

hand to know whether they can be complete according to giving
specification with in contain financial limits

• It also useful to check the work done by contractor during and after the
execution, also the payment to the contractor is done according to the actual
measurement

• It gives an idea for the requirement of controlled material like; cement, steel,
sand, water and etc

And we use both stander brick (40 cmx20cmx20cm) (40cm x 20cm x 15cm)

Basic is units
 units of length Meter (m)
Units of mass Kilo gram Kg
Units of time Second (s)
Units of electric current Ampere(A)

Units of measurements in metric system

Bricks ,stone block.etc All dimension

Glass panes, sheet Length and breadth in cm or m thickness
in cm
Door windows length and breadth in cm or m
Timper Length in m and cross sectional
dimension in cm or mm
Masonry(brick work ,stone masonry) Length and height in m
Cement concrete ,RRC flooring Length and breadth in m thickness in cm
White washing color washing Length and breadth or height in m
distempering painting
Aggregate sand Size in mm
Rolled steel section as I beem, Length in m , section in mm
channel , angle
Mild steel Length in m dia in mm

The estimate is prepared in two forms:

• Detailed measurement form

• Abstract of estimated cost

A.

Item no Description No Length Breadth Height Content

or or Depth or
particulars Quantity

B.
 Item No Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount
or particulars

Main item of work

• Earthwork : earthwork in excavation and earthwork in filling are usually

taken out separately under different items, and quantities are calculated in
M3.

Foundation trenches are usually dug to the exact width of foundation with
vertical sides. Earthwork in excavation in foundation is calculated by taking
the dimension of each trench length x breadth x depth

• Concrete in foundation: the concrete is taken out in M3 by length x breadth

x thickness.

The length and breadth of foundation concrete are usually the same as for
excavation, only the depth or thickness differs. The thickness of concrete
varies from 20 cm to 45 cm, usually 30 cm. foundation concrete consists of
lime concrete are weak cement concrete. The proportion of cement concrete
in foundation may be 1:4:8 or 1:5:10

• Soling : when the soil is soft or bad, one layer of dry brick or stone soling is
applied below the foundation concrete. The soling layer is computed in M2 (
length x breadth ) specifying thickness.

• Damp proof course

• Masonry

• Arch masonry work

• Lintels over openings: lintel are either RCC or RB , quantities are

calculated in m3

• R.C.C and R.B work: RCC or RB work may be in roof or floor slab, in
beams ,lintel, columns, foundation, etc and quantity are calculated in m3

• Flooring and roofing:

 • Plastering: plastering usually 12mm thick is calculated M2

Etc

Size and dimension of various works in mks

• Size of doors 120 cm x 210cm 90cm x

180cm
110cm x 200cm 75cm x
180cm
100cm x 190cm
• Size of windows 100cm x 150cm
90cm x 120cm
• Thickness of lime concrete in 15cm 20cm
foundation 25cm 30cm
40cm 45cm
• Thickness of RCC slab 7.5cm 10cn
12.5cm 15cm
• Thickness of plastering 10mm 12mm
15mm 20mm
• Steps, rises and tread 15cm x 30 cm 18cm x 28cm
15cm x 28cm
• Height of building 2.8m 3m
3.3m 3.6m
3.9m 4.2m

Steel bars, metric dimension and weights

6mm 10mm 12mm 16mm 20mm 22mm 25mm 32mm 40mm

0.22k 0.62k 0.89k 1.58k 2.47k 2.98k 3.85k 6.31k 9.86k
g g g g g g g g g

Estimated in two rooms

 ROOM 1 ROOM 1

Step 1: find the perimeter of the above plan view

P = (12 * 2) + ((6- (0.2+0.2)) * 3) = 40.8

Step 2: find quantity estimation means (Volume or Area)

• Site clearance = 12 * 6 = 72m2

• Excavation = 40.8 * 0.5* 0.4 = 8.16m3

• Foundation = 40.8 * 0.9 * 0.4 = 14.68 m3

• Rcc tie beam = 40.8 * 0.4 * 0.2 = 3.264 m3

• Blocks = 40.8 * 3 = 122.4 m2 + = 131.4m2

• Lintel beam = 40.8 * 0.2 * 0.2 = 1.632m2

• Fill plinth area with selected material and compacted 0.5m thick =
 ( ( 5.2)(5.4)) * 2 * 0.5 = 28.08m3

• Provide and lay 0.2m hardcore stone = ((5.2)(5.4)) * 2 * 0.2 = 11.232m3

• Provide and construct plain concrete 70mm thick = ((5.7)(5.6) * 2 * 0.07=

4.47m3

• Plastering = 40.8 * 3 + = 131.4m2 * 2 = 262.8m2

• Roof = 12 * 6.8 = 81.6m2

• Ceiling = 5.6 * 5.7 * 2 = 63.84m2

• Fascia board = 12.2 * 2 side = 24.4m

• Supply and cermic tiles = 5.6 * 5.7 * 2 = 63.84m2

• Apply the coats of white washing on all internal and external wall surface=

Plastering + ceiling = 262.8m2 + 63.84m2 = 326.64m2

• Apply three coats of Distempering on all internal and external wall surfaces
=

Take are of plastering = 40.8 * 3 + = 131.4m2 * 2 = 262.8m2

Step 3: find cost estimation in each volume or area means (Unit price and total
cost)

1-Site clearance,………………. quantity= 72m2

• Labor

• Meson

(a) unskilled labor

1 unskilled labor = 20m2/day

1 unskilled labor =20m2

X =20 m2
 unskilled labor =20m2

X = 72m2 /20 m2 =3.6 unskilled 4 unskilled

Cost of unskilled labor = 4 unskilled x 5$ =20$

(b) Meson = 1/20 unskilled =

Cost of meson = 0.05 * 4* $15 =3$

Total grand = $ 20 + $ 3 = $ 23 /72m2 = $ 0.32

2. Excavation having volume: 8.16m3

1m3/man/day, meaning 1man excavate in one day in 1m3

Therefore;

1 unskilled = 1m3
X = 8.16m3
Cross multiply and get 8.16 unskilled take in 9 unskilled
9 * $ 5 = $ 45
Say mason = * 9 * $ 15 = $ 6.75
Total cost = $ 45 + $ 6.75 = $ 51.75
Cost of 1m3 = = $ 6.34

3. Foundation having volume = 14. 68m3

(NB: Foundation consist in two part such as; mortar and stone )
In many tries experiment, some experts Engineers got percentage mortar in the
foundation will be

35%--------------40% total volume of foundation is mortar therefore take 35%

(NB: mortar consist of Cement, Sand and water)

14.68m3 * 0.35 = 5.138m3 ----------------- Mortar

14.68m3 – 5.138m3 = 9.54m3 ---------------- stone
Capacity of dump truck is 2.5m3
So that stone = = 3.816 loads say 4 loads * $ 25 = $ 100

Mortar

First add ratio , if the ratio is 1:6 = 7

Cement : = 0.734m3

1 bag of cement includes 0.035m3

therefore = 21 bags * $ 7 = $ 147

Sand : = 4.4m3

1 load of dump truck in sand = 3m3

= 1.5 load say 2 load * $ 25 = $ 50

Water : each one bag of cement mixed in 50 liter of water

So 21bags * 50 /200 = 5.25 barras * $ 2 = $ 10.5

Total cost of material = $ 100 + $ 147 + $ 50 + $ 10.5 = $ 307.5

Labour:

Mason works 1.3m3---- 1.5m3 per day

So how many mason works this project?

Mason: 14.68m3/1.3m3 = 12 mason * $ 15 = $ 180

Each one mason works one unskilled 12 unskilled * $ 5 = $ 60

Also each 6 mason works one mixer 2 mixer * $ 6 = $ 12

Forman 1/20 * 26 * $ 20 = $ 26
Total cost of labour = $ 180 + $ 60 + $ 12 + $ 26 = $ 278

Total ground = $ 278 + $ 307.5 = $ 585.5

Cost of 1m3 = = $ 39.88

• Constract RCC tie beam 0.4m * 0.2m reinforced 12mm Φ with 6mm Φ
stirrups and 0.30m c/c ratio 1:2:4

Material

RCC tie beam having volume : 3.264 m3

NB: If you take ratio 1:2:4 this ratio have especial unit weight 0.22 + 0.44 +
0.88 =1.54

Cement: = 0.71m3 (hint 7 standing for addition of ratio)

1 bag of cement is included 0.035m3 of cement therefore

If 1 bag = 0.035m3

X = 0.71m3

Then you get = 20.5 bags * $ 7 = $ 143.5

Sand : = 1.43m3

Capacity of dump truck = 3m3 so = 0.477 loads 1 loads * $ 25 = $ 25

 Aggregate: = 2.868m3 , = 0.986 loads 1 loads

1 loads * $ 25 = $ 25

Steel:

0.4m 0.03m

0.03

12mm bars = 40.8 * 4 =163.2m + 2%( the part of bar which makes bending)
=166.465m

Length of one bar = 12m so = 13.87 pcs * $ 11 = $ 152.59

6mm stirrups = ( 0.34 * 2 )( 0.14 * 2) + 0.15 = 1.11m

No# = = 135 pcs * 1.11m = 150.96m , = 12.58 pcs 13pcs

13pcs * $ 3 = $ 39

Building wire = 2kg * $ 2 = $ 4

Formwork Lamb lash = 1’ x 12” x 12” (2.5 cm x 30 cm x 400cm)

Perimeter of wood of this two rooms are : ( 12 * 2 ) + (6 * 2) + ( 10.8 * 2) + (5.2

* 4 ) = 78.4m
Area of the wood = 78.4m * 0.2m = 15.68m2

Area of one wood = 4m * 0.3m = 1.2m2

No# of wood = = 13.06 pcs

add your result 10% of extra wood like strutted = 1.306 pcs +13.06 pcs =
14.36pcs

14.36 pcs * $ 15 = $ 215.49

Nails: 1kg * $ 2= $ 2

Total cost of material = $ 143.5 + $ 25 + $ 25 + $ 152.59 + $ 39 + $ 4 + $ 2 + $

215.49 = $606.58

Labour:

Volume of tie beam: 3.264m3

NB: 4—5m3 of rcc tie beam works

1 meson Volume of tie beam = 3.264m3

12 unskilled 2 meson * $ 15 = $ 30

3 mixer 6 unskilled * $ 6 = $ 36

2 mixer * $ 7 = $ 14

1 forman * 20 = $ 20

Steel fixer
NB: 100 kg done steel fixer per day

The following table indicated to use 12mm bar and 6mm so that

Calculate weight of the above steel.

Formula of steel in kg
Steel fund =

substitute for having 12mm = = 0.89kg

0.89kg * length of the steel 12m = 10.68kg * no# of bar 13.87 = 148.13kg

6mm = = 0.225kg * length of stirrups 12m = 2.7kg * no# of stirrups 12.58 =

33.92kg

Then add two weight 148.13 kg + 33.92 kg = 182.05kg / 100kg = 1.821 steel fixer

Say 2 steel fixer * $ 15 = $ 30

Helper = ¼ * 2 * $ 5 = $ 2.5

Forman 1 * $ 20 = $ 20

Carpenter = NB 8m2 done one carpenter per day

15.68m2 / 8m2 = 2 carpenter * $ 15 = $ 30

Helper = ¼ * 2 * $ 5 = $ 2.5
Forman 1 * $ 20 = $ 20

Total cost of labour = $ 197

Ground total = = $ 803.58

Cost of 1m3 of Rcc = = $ 246.2

• Block walls having volume = 131.4m2

1.5

3 3

Material

Area of one block = 0.4m * 0.2m = 0.08m2

Therefore = 1642.5 pcs

Deducted doors and windows = 1642.5 psc – 75psc = 1567.5 psc * $ 0.6 = $
940.5

Labour
NB: 100 pcs of block done meson per day

Therefore 1567.5 psc /100 = 15.675 meson say 16 meson * $ 15 = $ 240

16 unskilled * $ 5 = $ 80

3 Mixer * $ 6 = $ 18

2 forman * $ 20 = $ 40

Total cost of labour = $ 378

Mortar ratio = 1:2:4

Quantity of cement : = 0.22m3 /0.035m3 = 6.29 bags * $ 7 = $ 314.2

Sand : = 0.44m3

Aggregate: = 0.88m3

1m3 of wet mortar = 1.1m3 of dry mortar

Qty of cement = 1 * 1.1/3= 0.336m3 / 0.035m3 = 10.47bags

Sand: 2 * 1.1 /3= 0.732m3/3m3 = 0.244 load say 1 load

Area of block = 131.2m2

Volume = 131.2 * 0.2 = 26.28m3

1m3 of block requires 0.2m3 of mortar

Therefore 26.28m3 * 0.2m3 = 5.25m3 mortar

If the ratio is 1:8

Cement : 1 * 1 * 5.25/9 = 0.58m3/0.035m3 = 16.67 bags * $ 7 = $ 116.7

Sand : 0.58 * 8 = 4.64m3 /3m3 = 1.54 load * $ 25 = $ 50

 Water: = 4.16 barrier * $ 2 = $ 8.32

Total cost material : $ 1113.4

Total ground : $ 1491.4

Cost of 1m2 = $ 1491.4/ 131.4m2 = $ 11.34

• lintel ,( if the ratio is 1:2:4), having volume : 1.63m3

Cement = 1 * 1.54 * 1.63/ 7 = 0.358m3 / 0.035m3 = 10.24 bags say 11 * $ 7 = $ 77

Sand = 2 * 1.54 * 1.63/7 = 0.72m3/3m3 = 0.24 loads say 1 load * $ 25 = $ 25

Aggregate = 4 * 1.54 * 1.63/7 = 1.44m3/3m3 = 0.48 loads say 1 loads * $25 =$25

Water = 11 bags * 50 liter/200liter = 2.75 barrier * $ 2 = $ 5.5

Reinforcement = 40.8 * 4pcs = 163.2m +1% = 163.2 + 1.632 = 164.8m

No # of bars = 164.8m/ 12m = 13.7pcs * $ 7 = $ 154

6mm stirrups = (14*2) * 2 + 15 = 71cm = 0.71m

No# of stirrups = 40.8/0.25 = 163.2pcs * 0.71 = 115.87/12 = 10pcs * $ 3 = $ 30

Building wire = 0.5kg * $ 4 = $ 2

Wood = 1’ * 12’’ * 13’’ = perimeter of the wood ( 12 * 2 ) + ( 6 * 2 ) + ( 5.6 * 4 )

+ ( 5.7 * 4)
 = 81.2m * 0.2 * 0.025 =
3
0.406m

Opening windows and doors

Windows = 1 * 1 = 1m * 0.2 * 0.025 * 2 windows = 0.01

Doors = 1m * 0.2 * 0.025 = 0.01

Volume of wood = 0.406 + 0.01 + 0.01 = 0.426m3

Volume of one wood = 0.3 * 0.025 * 4 = 0.03m3

No# of wood = 0.426/0.03 = 14.2pcs + 15% = 17pcs * $ 15 = $ 255

Nails = 1.5kg * $ 2 = $ 3

Total of material = $ 560.4

Labour

Volume = 1.63m3

1 Meson * $ 15 = $ 15

3 unskilled * $ 5 = $ 15

1 mixer * $ 6 = $ 6

1 forman * $20 = $ 20

Steel fixer

10mm = 10mm2/160 = 0.625kg * 164.8m = 103kg

6mm = 6mm2 / 160 = 0.225kg * 115.82m = 26.01kg

Total weight = 103kg + 26.01kg = 129.04kg/100kg = 1.29 steel fixer say 1.5 * $ 15
= $ 22.5

1 Helper * $ 5 = $ 5
Carpenter = 8.16m2 /8m2 = 1carpenter * $ 15 = $ 15

1 helper * $ 5 = $ 5 1forman * $20 = $ 20

Total of labour =$ 139.75

Ground total = 560 + 139.7 = $700.15

Cost of 1m3 = 700.15/1.63 = $ 429.5

• Fill the plinth area with selected material well compacted 0.3m thick

Area room 1 = (5.2 * 5.4) = 56.16m2

Volume of sand = 56.16m2 * 0.3m = 16.848m3

No# of loads = 16.848m3/3m3 = 5.616 loads say 6loads * $20 = $ 120

Cost of material = $ 120

Labour

NB : 5m2 /unskilled/day

No# of unskilled labour = 16.848m3 /5 = 3.37loads say 4loads * $ 5 = $ 20

Forman = 1 * $ 20 = $ 20

Cost of labour = $ 40
Ground total = $ 160

Cost of 1m3 = $ 160/16.848m3 = $ 9.5

• Provide and lay 0.15m thick hardcore stones

Area of 2 rooms = 56.16m2

Volume of hardcore = 56.16 * 0.15 = 8.424m3 /2.5m3 = 3.37 loads say 4

loads * $ 25= $100

Labour

NB 4m3 /unskilled/days + ¼ meson

No# of labour 8.424m3 /4 = 2.11 say 3 unskilled * $ 5 = $ 15

Meson = ¼ * 3 * $15 = $ 11.25

Forman ½ * $20 = $10

Total labour = $ 26.25

Ground total = $ 126.25

Cost of 1m3 = $ 126.25/8.424m3 = $ 14.99

• Provide and construct plain concrete with thick in 0.05mand ratio of

1:3:6

Area of two rooms: ( 5.7 * 5.6) * 2 = 63.84 m2

 Volume of plain concrete = 63.84 * 0.05 = 3.197m3

Addition of ratio is 1+3+6 = 10

Volume of cement = = 0.492m3 / 0.035m3 = 14.067 bags * $ 7 = $98.48

Sand = = 1.477m3 /3m3 = 0.49loads 1 loads * $ 25 = $ 25

Aggregate = = 2.95m3 /3m3 = 0.985 loads 1 loads * $ 70 = $ 70

Water = = 3.52 barriers * $ 2 = $ 7.03

Labour

NB : 1.4m3 /meson/day

3.197m3 /1.4m3 = 2.28 meson 3 meson * $ 25 = $ 75

3 unskilled * $ 5 = $ 15

1 mixer * $ 6 = $ 6

1 forman * $20 = $ 20

Ground total = cost of material + cost of labour

($98.48 + $ 25 + $ 70 +$ 7.03) + ($ 75 +$ 15 +$ 6 +$ 20 )

$ 316.51

Cost of 1m3 = $ 316.51/3.197m3 = $ 99

• Apply the two coats of plastering on internal and external walls 12mm
thick with ratio of 1:6

Area of plastering = Area of blocks * 2 = 131.4m2 * 2 = 262.8M2

Volume of plastering = 262.8m2 * 0.012m = 3.154m3

Add ratio 1 + 6 = 7

Cement = 1 * 3.154 * 1.2 / 7 = 0.541m3/0.035 = 15.45 bags * $ 7 = $

108.137

Sand = 6 * 3.154 * 1.2 / 7 = 3.24m3/3 = 1.08 loads 2 loads * $ 25 = $ 50

Water = 15.45 * 50litre /200 = 3.863 barrier 4 barrier * $ 2 = $ 8

Labour

NB : 12m2/meson/day

Area = 262.8/12= 22 meson * $ 15 = $ 330

Unskilled = 22 * $ 5 = $ 110

Mixer = 1/6 * 22 = 3.6 4 mixer * $ 6 = $ 24

Forman = 1/8 * 22 = 2.75 3 forman * $ 20 = $ 60

Ground total = $ 690.137

Cost of 1m2 = $ 690.137/262.8 = $ 2.63

• Provide and fix following trusses including GI sheet 289 the size of the
woods are

• Main tie beam 150*50 with 2m c/c ( 2’’*6’’)

• Rafters = 100*50

• Purlines = 75*50

• Struts = 75*50

• King post = 150*50

Therefore you have 7 trusses

• Rafter = 0.0358m3 * 7 trusses = 0.2506m3

• Struts = 0.0147m3 * 7 = 0.1029m3

• Tie beam = 0.0488m3 * 7 = 0.3416m3

• King post = 0.01125 m3 * 7 = 70.0788m3

• Purlines = 0.366m3
 Total volume wood = 1.1398m3

Volume of one wood = 0.05 * 0.15 * 6 = 0.045m3

Number of red wood = 1.1398m3/0.045m3 = 25.3pcs 26pcs + 15% = 30pcs *$18

=$540

GI sheet 289 = 0.8 * 2.44 = 1.54m2

Covered area = 12 * 6 = 72 * 1.35/1.54 = 63.1pcs 64pcs * $ 8 = $ 512

Nails = 1kg/5m2 = 72m2/5m2 = 14.4kg * $2 = $ 28.8

Labour

NB : 7m2/carpenter/day and ¼ unskilled

72m2/7m2 = 10.29 11 carpenter * $15 = $ 165

Unskilled = ¼ * 11 = 3 * $ 5 = $ 15

Forman = 2 * $ 20 = $40

Total cost = $540 + $ 512 + $ 28.8 + $ 165 + $ 15 + $40 = $ 1300.8

Cost of 1m2 = $ 1300.8/72m2 = $ 18.06

• Provide and fix fascia board size 0.20m wide for two side and use (
Laanbalaash)

Length of the wood = 12.2m * 2side = 24.4m

Volume of wood = 24.4m * 0.2 * 0.0254 = 0.124m3

Volume of one wood = 0.0254 * 0.3* 4 = 0.03m3

No # of wood = 0.124m3 /0.03m3 = 4.13pcs + 10% = 4.543pcs 5pcs * $ 15

= $ 75

Nails = 1/5kg * $ 2 = $ 0.4

 Labour:

Carpenter: 1 *$ 15 =$ 15

Forman: 1 * $ 20= $ 20

Total cost = $110.4

Cost of ml = 110.4/24.4 = $ 4.53

• Provide and fix ceiling boards 4mm thick with ceiling joint 50mm *
50mm

And 60 c/c

Area of rooms = 5.6m &* 5.7m * 2 = 63.84m2

Size of one ceiling = 1.22m * 2.44m = 2.976m2

Number of ceiling = area of rooms/area of one ceiling

= 63.84m2 / 2.976m2 = 21.45pcs 22pcs * $ 6 = $ 132

5.7m / 0.8 = 7.1pcs 8pcs

5.6m / 0.6 = 9.3pcs 10pcs * 7 = 70pcs

70pcs * 0.8 = 56m

8pcs * 5.6 = 44.8m

100.8m

100.8m * 2 = 201.8m

Wood size = 2’ * 12’’ * 13’’ = 30cm * 10 = 300mm/50mm = 6pcs * 4 =

24m

1pcs of wood = 24m

? = 201.8m
 Therefore = 8.41pcs * 15% of struts and wastage = 1.26 + 8.4 = 9.66pcs
10pcs

10pcs * $ 26 = $ 260

Nails = 1kg/5m2 = 63.84m2 / 5m2 = 13kg * $ 2 = $ 26

Total cost of materail = $ 418

Labour

NB: 8m2 / carpenter /day = 63.84/8 = 8 carpenter * $ 15 = $ 120

Helper = 4 * $ 7 = $ 28

Forman = 1 * $ 20 = $ 20

Total cost of labour = $ 168

Ground total = $ 168 + $ 418 = $ 586

Cost of 1m2 =$ 586/63.84m = $ 9.12

• Apply the three coat of white washing on all internal and external wall
surface

Area of white washing = area of plastering + area of ceiling

= 262.8m2 + 63.84m2 = 326.6m2

NB: 1 coat 100m2 of white washing = 15kg

2 coat // // // // / // // // // // // // = 25kg
3 coat /// /// /// // /// // /// / = 35kg
 Therefore:

100m2 = 35kg

326.6m2 =? 114.31kg

NB: 1 bag of lime = 35kg

? = 114.31kg ,,,,, 3.266bags 4 bags * $ 8 = $ 32

Water = 1 barrer * $ 2 = $ 2

Labour

NB: 50m2 /painter/day

Area= 326.6/50 = 6.532painter 7 painter * $ 15 = $ 105

Unskilled = ½ * 7 = 3.5 unskilled 4 * $ 7 = $ 28

Forman = 2 * $ 20 = 40

Total cost = $ 207

Ground total = $ 207

Cost of 1m2 = $ 207 / 326.6m2 = $ 0.64

• Apply three coats of distempering on all internal and external wall

surfaces

Area = area of plastering

 = 262.8m2

NB: 1 coat 100m2 of new surface paint = 8kg

2 coat // /// /// /// /// /// /// /// // // // // = 14kg
3 coat // // // // // // // // // // // // // / / = 171kg

Therefore:

100m2 = 171kg

262.8m2 = ? ,,,,,,,,,, 44.9kg

NB: 20kg = 1 tin

44.9kg = ? ,,,,,,,,,, 2.2tin 3tin * $ 24 = $ 72

Water = 0.5 barrer * $ 2 = $ 1

Labour

NB: 60m2 /painter/day

262.8m2/ 60m2 = 4.38 5 painter * $ 15 = $ 75

Unskilled = 2 * $ &7 = $ 14

Forman = 1 * $ 20 = $ 20

Ground total = $ 182

Cost of 1m2 = $ 182/ 262.8m2 = $0.69

Step 4: fill table in your final result