METHODIST ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL

A Programme of Bangladesh Methodist Church Trust

Handout-14: Topic-5.04 Resistance

Name: ___________ _______ . Class: ___ VII __ _ . Roll: _________

Teacher's Name: _James Bastob Mondol . Subject: ____Physics______ Date: _________

Resistance: Resistance is defined as the ability to resist or hold back the flow of charge or electric
current through a material. The unit for resistance is Ohm (Ω).

Ohm’s Law: Ohm’s law states that, the current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference (voltage) applied to its end, provided that temperature remains
constant.

Equation of Ohm’s Law:

Voltage = Current × Resistance

Or, Current =

Or, Resistance =

In symbol,

 The SI unit of Voltage is Volt (V).

Or,  The SI unit of Current is Ampere (A).
 The SI unit of Resistance is Ohm (Ω).
Or,

The electrical resistance of a metal wire depends on:

1. Length: A longer wire has more resistance than a shorter wire.

2. Cross-sectional area: A thin wire has more resistance than a thick wire.
3. Temperature: In metals, a hot wire has more resistance than a cold wire.
4. Material: A metal has low resistance than an insulator.

Resistor: Any conductor that is used to provide a known value of resistance in a circuit is called a
resistor. The primary purpose of resistors is to control the size of the current flowing in the circuit.

There are two types of resistors:

1. Fixed resistor
2. Variable resistor:

James Bastob Mondol

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1. Fixed resistor: Resistor which has a fixed value of resistance is called a fixed resistor.
The electrical symbol of a fixed resistor:

The common types of fixed resistors include:

(i) Carbon film resistors
(ii) Carbon composition resistors
(iii) Tin oxide resistors
(iv) Wire wound resistors

2. Variable resistor: A variable resistor is a resistor in which resistance can vary within a certain
range.
The electrical symbol of a variable resistor:

Use Ohm’s Law to calculate the following:

1. Find the voltage across a 4 Ω resistor, which has a current of 3 A flowing through it.
2. When a voltage of 12 V is applied across a doorbell there is a current of 0.1 A.
Calculate the resistance of the doorbell.
3. The current in a LDR is 0.06 A and its resistance is 90 Ω in the dark.
Calculate the voltage across the LDR. Show your working and give the unit.
4. The circuit shown below contains a 12 V battery and two resistors connected in series.

Calculate

(a) The current in each of the resistors.

(b) The voltage across each resistor.

James Bastob Mondol

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