#Week 2# Contents:

*Student’s Worksheet for Mathematics I* B.Complex Numbers

1. Introduction
Chapter 1: Number System 2. Power of (i)OTA
3. Conjugates of Complex Numbers
4. Algebraic Operations

B. Complex Numbers
1. Introduction
• A complex number is a number in the form 𝐚 + 𝐛𝐢, where a and b are real numbers and
𝐢 = √−𝟏. It is designated by 𝐂 = {𝐚 + 𝐛𝐢, 𝐚, 𝐛 ∈ 𝐑 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝟐 = −𝟏}.
• A complex number is a generally denoted by 𝐳 = 𝐚 + 𝐛𝐢, a is real part and b is imaginary
part.
Question 1
Express the following in terms of i :

1. √−36

2. √−49

3. √−36 + √−25

4. √−100 − √−121

5. √−18 . √−2
Answer:

2. Power of (i)OTA
• i = √−𝟏 (based on definition)
• i2 = i. i = √−1. √−1 = −𝟏
• i3 = i2 . i = −1. i = −𝐢
• i4 = i2 . i2 = −1. −1 = 𝟏 and forth…

Question 2
Simplify:

a) i20 , b) i25 , c) 2i10 , d) i40 − i28 , e) i32 + 3i36

Answer:

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3. Conjugates of Complex Numbers
• A pair of complex numbers Z1 and Z2 are said to be conjugate of each other, if the
sum and product of two complex numbers are both real.
• For example, if Z = a ± bi, then its complex conjugate is written as Z̅ = a ∓ bi.
Origins (𝐙) Conjugates ( 𝐙̅ )
a + bi a − bi
a − bi a + bi

Question 3
Find the conjugate of the following complex numbers:
a) 3 + i
b) −√5 − √7 i
c) −√5 i
i
d) 49 −
7
4
e)
5

Answer:

4. Algebraic Operations on Complex Numbers

• Addition and Subtraction
1. (a + bi) + (c + di) = (a + c) + (bi + di)
2. (a + bi) − (c + di) = (a − c) + (bi − di)

• Multiplication
(a + bi)(c + di) = (ac − bd) + (ad + bc)i

• Division
a + bi ac + bd (bc − ad)i
= + 2
c + di c 2 + d2 c + d2

Question 4
Write each answer in the form of a + bi.

1) (2 + 5i) + (−2 − 4i)

2) 3(7 + 7i) + (7 + 7i)i

3) √3 + (√3 − 2i) − (3 − 2i)

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 3−5i
4)
3i

3+2i
5)
4−5i

Answer:

Question 5
Given z1 = 2 + 5i and z2 = 3 − 2i, find:

1. z1 + z2
2. z1 − z2
z
3. 1
z2
4. z1 z̅2
5. z̅1 + z̅2

Answer:

Practice Exercise

1. √−36 + √−25 = ⋯
A. √61
B. −√61
C. 11𝑖
D. 11𝑖 2
2. The conjugate of (5√2 𝑖 − 2) = ⋯
A. −2 − 5√2𝑖
B. −2 + 5√2𝑖
C. 2 − 5√2𝑖
D. 5√2𝑖 + 2
3. Given 𝑧1 = 2 + 5𝑖 and 𝑧2 = 3 − 2𝑖. Hence, 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 = ⋯
A. 7𝑖 + 1
B. 7𝑖 − 1
C. 1 − 7𝑖

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 D. −7𝑖 − 1
4. Express the following complex numbers in the form of a + bi, where a and b are real
numbers.
a) (3i + 5i)(3i − 5i)
2−i
b)
3i

c) −5 + √−49
5. Simplify
a) i6 (i3 )5
b) i−4
c) 3i15
6. Given z1 = 2 − 3i and z2 = 1 + 5i. Find:
a) z1 + z̅2
b) z1 z̅2
c) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
z1 + z2
7. Simplify the following forms:
𝑖 6 , 𝑖 7 , 𝑖 8 𝑖 9 , 𝑖10 , 𝑖11 , 𝑖12 , 𝑖13 ,𝑖 14 and 𝑖15
8. Given that 𝑍1 = 2 − 3𝑖 and 𝑍2 = 1 + 5𝑖. Find:
a) 𝑍1 + ̅̅̅ 𝑍2
b) 𝑍1 . 𝑍2̅̅̅
𝑍1
c)
𝑍2
d) (𝑍1 )2 − (𝑍2 )2
e) (𝑍̅̅̅1 )2 𝑍2
f) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
Z1 + Z2
9. Given that 𝑍1 = 3 + 2𝑖 and 𝑍2 = 4 − 5𝑖. Find:
a) 𝑍2 + 𝑍 ̅̅̅1
b) 𝑍2 . 𝑍 ̅̅̅1
𝑍2
c)
𝑍1
d) (𝑍2 )2 − (𝑍1 )2
e) ̅̅̅2 )2 𝑍1
(𝑍
f) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
Z2 − Z1

Answer:

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