1.

𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜 = 𝑜 ≠ 𝑠𝑒𝑔ú𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎:

2 2 𝑎
𝑎) {𝑎 + 𝑏, (𝑏 − 𝑎)(𝑏 + 𝑎), 𝑎 + 𝑎} ≠ {𝑏 − 𝑎 , 2 , 𝑎 + 𝑏}
𝑏) {5 + 1, 7, 34 + 16, 0} = {5 − 5, 50, 6, 8 − 1}
4 0 2 2 0
𝑐) {3 , 2 , 5 , 25} = {9 , 1, 25} = {81, 37 , 25, 25}
0 0
𝑑) {0, 1, 2 , 3 − 3, 1 } = {0, 1}

2. 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜𝑠:

𝑎) {𝑃} = {𝑃, ϕ} 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝑂

𝑏) {ϕ, 0 , 1} = {ϕ, 1} 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂
𝑐) {ϕ} = {0} 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂
𝑑) {2 − 2} = {0} 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂
𝑒) ϕ = {0} 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝑂
𝑓) ϕ = {ϕ} 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝑂
𝑔) {5} = 5 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝑂
ℎ) 5 ⊃ ϕ 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝑂
𝑖) {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑥 < 3} = {2, 1} 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝑂
𝑗) {𝑥 | 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 1 < 𝑥 < 2} = {0} 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝑂

1. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜:

𝐵= {14; {2}; ϕ; {7; 15}}

● {2} ⊂ 𝐵 (𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐴)
● {14} ∈ 𝑃(𝐵) (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● {7; 15} ∈ 𝐵 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● ϕ ∈ 𝐵 (𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐴)
● ϕ ⊂ 𝐵 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● {14 ⊂ 𝐵 (𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐴)
● {14 ∈ 𝐵 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● {{2}; 14} ∈ 𝑃(𝐵) (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)

¿𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑠?

𝑎) 3 𝑏)1 𝑐)5 𝑑)4 𝑒) 6

2. 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜:

𝐴 = {(3𝑋 − 3)/ 𝑋 ∈𝑁 ∧ 0 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4} → 𝑋 = {1, 2, 3, 4} 0 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙

→ 𝑋: 1 = 3(1) − 3= 0
→ 𝑋: 2 = 3(2) − 3= 3
→ 𝑋: 3 = 3(3) − 3= 6
→ 𝑋: 4 = 3(4) − 3= 9
𝐴 = {0, 3, 6, 9}

𝑎){0, 1, 2, 3} 𝑏){1, 2, 3,} 𝑐){0, 3, 6} 𝑑){0, 3, 6, 9} 𝑒){− 3, 0, 3, 6}

 2
3. 𝑆𝑖 𝐴 = {(𝑥 + 4)/𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 ∧ − 4 < 𝑥 < 6}

→ 𝑋 = {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
2
[ ]
→ 𝑋: − 3 = (− 3) + 4 = 13
2
→ 𝑋: − 2 = [(− 2) + 4] = 8
2
→ 𝑋: − 1 = [(− 1) + 4] = 5
2
→ 𝑋: 0 = [(0) + 4] = 4
2
→ 𝑋: 1 = [(1) + 4] = 5
2
→ 𝑋: 2 = [(2) + 4] = 8
2
→ 𝑋: 3 = [(3) + 4] = 13
2
→ 𝑋: 4 = [(4) + 4] = 20
2
→ 𝑋: 5 = [(5) + 4] = 29
𝐴 = {13, 8, 5, 4, 5, 8, 13, 20, 29} → 𝐴 = {5, 8, 13, 20, 29} 𝑛(𝐴) = 5

𝑎) 4 𝑏)5 𝑐)6 𝑑)7 𝑒) 8

4. 𝑆𝑖 𝐵 = {(𝑥 + 1)/𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 ∧ 3𝑥 < 𝑥 + 14}

→ 𝑋 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
→ 𝑋: 1 = [(1) + 1] = 2
→ 𝑋: 2 = [(2) + 1] = 3
→ 𝑋: 3 = [(3) + 1] = 4
→ 𝑋: 4 = [(4) + 1] = 5
→ 𝑋: 5 = [(5) + 1] = 6
→ 𝑋: 6 = [(6) + 1] = 7

𝐵 = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 𝑛(𝐴) = 6

𝑎) 4 𝑏)5 𝑐)6 𝑑)7 𝑒) 8

5. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 (𝑏 − 𝑎) 𝑠𝑖 𝐸 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜. 𝐸 = {4𝑎 + 1; 2𝑏 + 𝑎; 3𝑎 + 4}

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜: 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠

4𝑎 + 1 = 2𝑏 + 𝑎 = 3𝑎 + 4 2𝑏 + 𝑎 = 3𝑎 + 4
4𝑎 + 1 = 3𝑎 + 4 2𝑏 + (3) = 3(3) + 4
𝑎= 3 2𝑏 = 13 − 3
2𝑏 = 10
𝑏= 5
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 (𝑏 − 𝑎) = (5 − 3) = 2

𝑎) 1 𝑏)2 𝑐)3 𝑑)4 𝑒) 5

6. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑦 𝐵 = {0, 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9} 𝑠𝑒𝑎 "𝑚" 𝑒𝑙
𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐴 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐵 𝑦 "𝑛" 𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑜
𝑑𝑒 𝐵 𝑎 𝐴. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 "𝑚 + 𝑛"

𝑛(𝑥)
𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠 = (2 − 1) 𝑛 = 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝐵 = {0, 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9}

𝐴 𝐵
2 3 1 0 7
4 6
5 8 9

𝐴 = {2, 3, 5} 𝐵 = {0, 7, 8, 9}
𝑛(𝐴) = 3 𝑛(𝐵) = 4
𝑛(𝐴) 3
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐴 = 2 =2 − 1 = 7 → 𝑚
𝑛(𝐵) 4
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐵 = 2 = 2 − 1 = 15 → 𝑛
𝑚= 7 ∧ 𝑛 = 15

𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 "𝑚 + 𝑛" = (7 + 15) = 22

𝑎) 7 𝑏)7 𝑐)22 𝑑)24 𝑒) 26

7. 𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑í𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑚á𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠. 𝐶𝑜𝑛
𝑚𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑í𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒. 𝑆𝑖 𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒
10 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠. ¿𝐴𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑í𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑟á 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑢𝑛
𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑜?

𝐴 = {𝑥1 , 𝑥2, 𝑥3, 𝑥4, 𝑥5, 𝑥6, 𝑥7, 𝑥8, 𝑥9, 𝑥10}
𝑛(𝐴) = 10
𝑛(𝐴)
𝑓ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 2 − [𝑛(𝐴) + 1]

(10)
2 − [(10) + 1] = 1013
8. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠:
2𝑎+1 𝑎
𝐴= { 3
/ 2
∈ 𝑁 ∧ 1 ≤ 𝑎 ≤ 9} → 𝑎 = {2, 4, 6, 8}
2𝑏−1
𝐵= { 3
/𝑏 ∈ 𝑁 , 2 < 𝑏 ≤ 6} → 𝑏 = {3, 4, 5, 6}

2(2)+1 5 2(3)−1 5
→ 𝑎: 2 = 3
= 3
𝑏: 3 = 3
= 3
2(4)+1 2(4)−1 7
→ 𝑎: 4 = 3
= 3 𝑏: 4 = 3
= 3
2(6)+1 13 2(5)−1
→ 𝑎: 3 = 3
= 3
𝑏: 5 = 3
= 3
2(8)+1 17 2(6)−1 11
→ 𝑎: 4 = 3
= 3
𝑏: 6 = 3
= 3

5 13 17 5 7 11
𝐴 = { 3 , 3, 3
, 3
} 𝐵 = {3, 3
,3, 3
}

𝑛(𝐴) = 4 𝑛(𝐵) = 4

𝑛(𝐴)
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝐸 = [𝑛(𝐵)] + 𝑛(𝐴)
(4)
[4] + (4) = 260

𝑎) 270 𝑏)120 𝑐)200 𝑑)180 𝑒) 260

9. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠:

𝐴 = {𝑎 + 2, 𝑎 + 1} 𝐵 = {𝑏 + 1, 𝑐 + 1}
𝐶 = {7 − 𝑎, 8 − 𝑎} 𝐷 = {𝑏 + 2, 𝑑 + 3}

ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 "𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑" 𝑠𝑖 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠 𝑏 ≠ 𝑑

𝐴= 𝐵 =𝐶 = 𝐷

8−𝑎 = 𝑎 + 2 𝐴 = {(3) + 2, (3) + 1} 𝑏+1 =4 ∧ 𝑏 +2 =5

6 = 2𝑎 𝐴 = {5, 4} 𝑏=3
𝑎=3 𝐶 = {5, 4}

𝑐+1 =5 𝑑+3 =4
𝑐=4 𝑑= 1
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 11

𝑎) 10 𝑏)11 𝑐)12 𝑑)13 𝑒) 14

10. ¿𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐴? 𝑠𝑖:

𝐴 = {2𝑥/(3𝑥 + 1) ∈ 𝑁 ∧ 4 < 𝑥 < 8} → 𝑋 = {5, 6, 7}

𝐴 = {10, 12, 14}
10 + 12 + 14 = 36
𝑎) 36 𝑏)165 𝑐)116 𝑑)160 𝑒) 132

11. 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑛 2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑛 3, 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠

𝐿𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑠 112. 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙
𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑦𝑒 𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜.
𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝐵) + 3
𝑛[𝑃(𝐴)] − 𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 112
𝑛(𝐴) 𝑛(𝐵)
2 −2 = 112 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝐵) + 3
𝑛(𝐵)+3 𝑛(𝐵)
2 −2 = 112 𝑛(𝐴) = (4) + 3
𝑛(𝐵) 3 𝑛(𝐵)
2 ×2 −2 = 112 𝑛(𝐴) = 7
𝑛(𝐵) 𝑛(𝐵)
2 × 8 −2 = 112
𝑛(𝐵) 𝑛(𝐵)
16 −2 = 112
𝑛(𝐵)
14 = 112
𝑛(𝐵)
7 ×2 = 112
𝑛(𝐵) 112
2 = 7
𝑛(𝐵)
2 = 16
𝑛(𝐵) 4
2 =2
𝑛(𝐵) = 4

𝑎) 5 𝑏)4 𝑐)7 𝑑)6 𝑒) 9

12. ¿𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠 12

𝑛 𝑛! 12 12! 1×2×3×4×5×6×7×8×9×10×11×12 10×11×12
𝐶𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!·𝑟!
𝐶3 = (12−3)!·3!
= (1×2×3×4×5×6×7×8×9)·1×2×3
= 6
= 22 × 10 = 220
𝑎) 220 𝑏)224 𝑐)218 𝑑)216 𝑒) 200
13. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠:
𝐴 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 ∧ − 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10}
𝐵 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 ∧ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴}
𝐶 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 4 < 𝑥 + 3 < 7}
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐶

𝐴 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 ∧ − 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10} 𝑋 = {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

𝐴 = {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

𝐵 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 ∧ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 ∧ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴} 𝑋 = {1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6} ∧ 𝑦 = {− 1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

𝐶 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 ∧ 4 < 𝑥 + 3 < 7} 𝑋 = {2, 3}

𝐶 = {2, 3}
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐶 = 2 + 3 = 5

𝑎) 2 𝑏)3 𝑐)5 𝑑)8 𝑒) 11

14. 𝐸𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐴 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 14 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑚á𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠. ¿𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝐴?
𝑛 𝑛!
𝐶𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!·𝑟!
𝑛 𝑛! 𝑛 𝑛!
𝐶2 = (𝑛−2)!·2!
+ 14 = 𝐶3 = (𝑛−3)!·3!
(𝑛−1)(𝑛) (𝑛−2)(𝑛−1)(𝑛)
2
+ 14 = 6
2 2
𝑛 −𝑛 (𝑛−2)(𝑛 −𝑛)
2
+ 14 = 6
2 3 2
𝑛 −𝑛+28 𝑛 −3𝑛 +2𝑛
2
= 6
3 2
2 𝑛 −3𝑛 +2𝑛
𝑛 − 𝑛 + 28 = 3
2 3 2
3(𝑛 − 𝑛 + 28) = 𝑛 − 3𝑛 + 2𝑛
2 3 2
3𝑛 − 3𝑛 + 84 = 𝑛 − 3𝑛 + 2𝑛
3 2
0 = 𝑛 − 6𝑛 + 5𝑛 − 84
2
0 = (𝑛 − 7)(𝑛 + 𝑛 + 12)
0=𝑛 −7
𝑛=7

𝑎) 5 𝑏)6 𝑐)7 𝑑)8 𝑒) 9

15. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒
𝑎−1
𝑀 = {𝑎/ 2
∈ 𝑁; 𝑎 < 73} → 𝑎 = {3, 9, 19, 33, 51}
3 + 9 + 19 + 33 + 51 = 115

𝑎) 111 𝑏)113 𝑐)110 𝑑)115 𝑒)116

16. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜:

𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠:

𝐴 = {4; 8; ϕ; {4}; {2; 7}; {ϕ}

● {2, 7} ∈ 𝐴 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● {{4}} ∈ 𝐵 (𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐴)
● {4, 8, ϕ} ⊂ 𝐴 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● {4, 8} ⊂ 𝐴 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● {2, 7} ⊂ 𝐴 (𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐴)
● {{ϕ}} ⊂ 𝐴 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● ϕ ∈ 𝐴 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)
● {{4}, {2, 7}} ⊂ 𝐴 (𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐷𝐴𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐴)

𝑎) 5 𝑏)4 𝑐)7 𝑑)3 𝑒) 6

17. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜:

𝐴 = {3𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 2, 𝑎 + 𝑏, 14}
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒:
𝐵 = {𝑎, 2𝑎, 𝑏, 2𝑏 − 1}

3𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 2 = 14 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 14 +
3𝑎 − 3𝑏 = 12 𝑎−𝑏 =4 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 14
3(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 12 2𝑎 = 18 (9) + 𝑏 = 14
𝑎−𝑏 =4 𝑎=9 𝑏=5
𝐵 = {𝑎, 2𝑎, 𝑏, 2𝑏 − 1}
𝐵 = {9, 18, 5, 9}
𝐵 = {9, 18, 5,}
𝑛(𝐵)
𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 2 − 1 𝑛(𝐵) = 3
(3)
𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 2 − 1= 7

𝑎) 7 𝑏)15 𝑐)32 𝑑)63 𝑒) 8

18. 𝐷𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒:
𝐴 = {2𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑁; 10 < 3𝑥 + 2 < 18} → 𝑋 = {3, 4, 5}

→ 𝑋: 1 = [2(3)] = 6
→ 𝑋: 2 = [2(4)] = 8
→ 𝑋: 3 = [2(5)] = 10
𝐴 = {6, 8, 10}
6 + 8 + 10 = 24

𝑎) 19 𝑏)18 𝑐)24 𝑑)26 𝑒)23

2 5𝑥+2 +
19. 𝑠𝑖 𝑃 = {𝑥 − 1/ − 6 < 5
< 6; 𝑥 ∈ 𝑧 } → 𝑋 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠
[ 2 ]
→ 𝑋: 1 = (1) − 1 = 0
2
→ 𝑋: 2 = [(2) − 1] = 3
2
→ 𝑋: 3 = [(3) − 1] = 8
2
→ 𝑋: 4 = [(4) − 1] = 15
2
→ 𝑋: 5 = [(5) − 1] = 24

𝑃 = {0, 3, 8, 15, 24} 𝑛(𝑃) = 5

𝑛(𝑃)
𝑛[𝑃(𝑃)] = 2
5
𝑛[𝑃(𝑃)] = 2
𝑛[𝑃(𝑃)] = 32

𝑎) 16 𝑏)64 𝑐)32 𝑑)8 𝑒)128

3𝑥−1
20. 𝑆𝑖 𝑄 = { 4
∈ 𝑍/1 < 𝑥 < 3; 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁} → 𝑋 = {3, 7}
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑄
3(3)−1
→ 𝑋: 3 = ⎡ 4 ⎤ = 2
⎣ ⎦
3(7)−1
→ 𝑋: 7 = ⎡ 4 ⎤ = 5
⎣ ⎦
𝑄 = {2, 5} 2+5=7

𝑎) 35 𝑏)15 𝑐)12 𝑑)11 𝑒)7

21. 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = {𝑚 + 𝑛, 4} 𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑦 𝐵 = {(2𝑚 − 2𝑛), (𝑚 + 𝑛9} 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒
𝑚
𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎 1. ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑛
.
9
𝑚+ 𝑛 =4 (𝑥2) → 2𝑚 + 2𝑛 = 8 + 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 4→ (4) + 𝑛 = 4
9
2𝑚 − 2𝑛 = 1 2𝑚 − 2𝑛 = 1 𝑛 = 4 − (4)
7
4𝑚 = 9 𝑛= 4
9
𝑚= 4
9
𝑚 4 9
𝑛
→ 7 = 7
4

22. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒:

2
𝑛 −16
𝐵 ={ 𝑛−4
/𝑛 ∈ 𝑍; 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 5} → 𝑛 = {1, 2, 3, 5}
2
(1) −16
→ 𝑛: 1 = ⎡⎢ 1−4 ⎤⎥ = 5
⎣ ⎦
2
(2) −16
→ 𝑛: 2 = ⎡⎢ 2−4 ⎤⎥ = 6
⎣ ⎦
2
(3) −16
→ 𝑛: 3 = ⎡⎢ 3−4 ⎤⎥ = 7
⎣ ⎦
2
(4) −16
→ 𝑛: 4 = ⎡⎢ 4−4 ⎤⎥ = 0
⎣ ⎦
2
(5) −16
→ 𝑛: 5 = ⎡⎢ 5−4 ⎤⎥ = 9
⎣ ⎦

𝐵 = {5, 6, 7, 0, 9}
5 + 6 + 7 + 0 + 9 = 27

𝑎) 35 𝑏)36 𝑐)27 𝑑)0 𝑒)25

23. 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠:

𝐴 = {2𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑍; 0 < 𝑥 < 6} → 𝑥 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
𝑋+4
𝐵={ 2
/𝑥 ∈ 𝐴} → 𝑥 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
2𝑦+1
𝐶={ 3
∈ 𝑍/𝑦 ∈ 𝐵} → 𝑦 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

𝐴 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} 𝑛(𝐴) = 5

𝐵 = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 𝑛(𝐵) = 5
5 13 17
𝐶 = { 3 , 3, 3
, 3
, 7} 𝑛(𝐶) = 5
𝑛(𝐶) 5
𝑛[𝑃(𝐶)] = 2 → 𝑛[𝑃(𝐶)] = 2 → 𝑛[𝑃(𝐶)] = 32
𝑎) 4 𝑏)8 𝑐)9 𝑑)16 𝑒)32

24. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜:

2
𝐴 = {𝑥 + 4/𝑥 ∈ 𝑁; 𝑥 < 16} → 𝑥 = {1, 2, 3,}
𝐴 = {5, 6, 7}
5 + 6 + 7 = 18

25. ¿𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 35 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠
𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠?

𝑛 𝑛! 𝑛(𝐵)
𝐶𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!·𝑟!
𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 2 − 1 𝑛(𝐵) = 7
𝑛 𝑛! (7)
𝐶3 = (𝑛−3)!·3!
= 35 𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 2 − 1 = 127
(𝑛−2)(𝑛−1)(𝑛)
6!
= 35
(𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛) = 210
3 2
𝑛 − 3𝑛 + 2𝑛 − 210 = 0
2
(𝑛 − 7)(𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 30) = 0
𝑛−7 =0
𝑛=7

𝑎) 127 𝑏)63 𝑐)31 𝑑)1023 𝑒)511

26. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜:

2
𝑥 𝑋 −1
𝐴 = { 𝑥−1 /𝑥 ∈ 𝑁; − 3 < 𝑥+1
≤ 1} → 𝑥 = {2}
(2)
→ 𝑋: 2 = ⎡ 2−1 ⎤ = 2
⎣ ⎦
𝐴 = {2}

𝑎) 2 𝑏)3 𝑐)4 𝑑)5 𝑒)6

27. 𝑈𝑛 "𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑜" 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑛 6 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠

𝑦 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎 "𝑚𝑒 𝑔𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 2 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑦 5 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜
𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜"¿𝐷𝑒 𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑙 "𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑜"?

𝑛 𝑛!
𝐶𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!·𝑟!
6 6! 6 6! 6 6! 6 6!
𝐶2 = (6−2)!·2!
𝐶3 = (6−3)!·3!
𝐶4 = (6−4)!·4!
𝐶5 = (6−5)!·5!
 6 1×2×3×4×5×6 6 1×2×3×4×5×6
𝐶2 = (1×2×3×4)·(1×2)
= 15 𝐶3 = (1×2×3)·(1×2×3)
= 20
6 1×2×3×4×5×6 6 1×2×3×4×5×6
𝐶4 = (1×2)(1×2×3×4)
= 15 𝐶5 = (1)(1×2×3×4×5)
=6

15 + 20 + 15 + 6 = 56

𝑎) 64 𝑏)56 𝑐)32 𝑑)26 𝑒)120

28. 𝑆𝑖 𝐴 𝑦 𝐵 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠 ¿𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝐶?

𝐴 = {𝑎 + 2𝑏; 17}
𝐵 = {3𝑎 + 𝑏; 16}
𝐶 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑁; 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏}

𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 17 (𝑥3)
3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 16 (𝑥1) −

3𝑎 + 6𝑏 = 51 𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 17
3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 16 − 𝑎 + 2(7) = 17
5𝑏 = 35 𝑎=3
𝑏=7

𝐶 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑁; 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏}
𝐶 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑁; 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7}
𝐶 = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
𝑛(𝐶) = 5

𝑎) 5 𝑏)6 𝑐)7 𝑑)4 𝑒)2

29. 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠:

𝐴 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑍; 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 10} 𝑦 → 𝑥 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
𝑛
𝐵 = {2𝑛 ∈ 𝐴/ 3
∈ 𝐴} → 𝑛 = {0, 3}
¿𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑃(𝐵)?

𝐵 = {0, 6} 𝑛(𝐵) = 2
𝑛(𝐵) 2
𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 2 → 𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 2 → 𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 4

𝑎) 16 𝑏)4 𝑐)8 𝑑)32 𝑒)64

30. 𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠:
𝐴 = {𝑥/𝑥 ∈ 𝑍; 8 ≤ 𝑥 < 19} → 𝑥 = {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19}
𝐵 = {𝑦 + 4/𝑦 ∈ 𝑁; (2 𝑦 − 1) ∈ 𝐴} → 𝑦 = {25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}

𝐵 = {29, 40, 53, 68, 85, 104}

29 + 40 + 53 + 68 + 85 + 104 = 379

𝑎) 350 𝑏)379 𝑐)129 𝑑)252 𝑒)341

1. 𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 600 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠, 100 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛 𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑜,

450 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐é𝑠 𝑦 50 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐é𝑠 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙é𝑠. ¿𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠?

400 + 50 + 100 + 𝑎 = 600

𝑎 = 50

𝑎) 150 𝑏)100 𝑐)50 𝑑)200 𝑒)60

2. 𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 55 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑠, 25 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠, 32 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐é𝑠, 33 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑦 5 𝑙𝑜𝑠

𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑠. 𝑆𝑖 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 1 𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎. ¿𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙
𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 2 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑠?

20 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 27 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 𝑧 + 28 − 𝑧 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 5 = 55
20 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 27 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 𝑧 + 28 − 𝑧 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 5 = 55
80 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 55
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 25

𝑎)21 𝑏)22 𝑐)23 𝑑)24 𝑒)25

2 1 1
3. 𝐷𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎. 3
𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠. 5
𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑗𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑧𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑦 6
𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑗𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑧𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 ¿𝑞𝑢é 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑖 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑗𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑧𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠?

1 1 1 21
2
+ 6 + 30 = 30
9
30
← 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑗𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑧𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
3
10

1 2 3 7 3
𝑎) 3
𝑏) 5
𝑐) 10
𝑑) 10
𝑒) 5

2. 𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 35 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑠, 24 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙é𝑠, 21 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐é𝑠, 21 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑚á𝑛 𝑦 8 𝑙𝑜𝑠

𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑠. ¿𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 2 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑠?

16 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 13 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 𝑧 + 13 − 𝑧 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 5 = 35
16 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 13 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 𝑧 + 13 − 𝑧 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 5 = 35
50 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 35
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 15

𝑎)15 𝑏)13 𝑐)14 𝑑)22 𝑒)23

5. 𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑢𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠

𝑒𝑙 50% 𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝐴
𝑒𝑙 60% 𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝐵
𝑒𝑙 50% 𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝐴 𝑜 𝐵 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑛𝑜 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠
60 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠. 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠:

20% + 30% + 30% = 80%

60 = 20%
𝑥 → 100%
60 → 20%
60×100
𝑥= 20
= 300
𝑎)200 𝑏)150 𝑐)350 𝑑)300 𝑒)250

6. 𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑎 40 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎, 30 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎, 30 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎

𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠:
− 𝑎 12 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎
− 𝑎 8 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎
− 𝑎 6 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎
− 5 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 3 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑦 6 𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑜 ¿𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑒𝑛
𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑎.
21 + 6 + 5 + 8 + 7 + 12 + 5 + 6 = 70

𝑎)50 𝑏)70 𝑐)90 𝑑)60 𝑒)80

7. 𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 40 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚é𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙

𝑑𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑦 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠
𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 á𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑞𝑢í𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑦 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎
𝑆𝑖 ℎ𝑎𝑦 10 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑠 ¿𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠?

6𝑥 + 10 = 40
𝑥=5

𝑎)25 𝑏)5 𝑐)35 𝑑)20 𝑒)15