Theoretical Background

In terms of procrastination, there are currently two of the main theories which are
the Emotion-regulation theory and the Temporal Motivation theory, regarding the
causes of procrastination. However, this study mainly focuses only one among the
two theories that was mentioned above. In this section, the theory that is chosen
will get a brief exploration in which it connects the causes/psychological causes of
procrastination.

Temporal motivation theory is an integrative motivational theory developed by

Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König, the theory emphasizes time as a critical and
motivational factor. It was proposed on 2006 by the two mentioned author above, it
is about expectancy x value over impulsiveness x delay.

Temporal Motivation Theory states that procrastination occurs when people's

motivation is low, which can happen because of some combination of low value
outcomes, low expectations of achieving outcomes, and high sensitivity to the
delay of outcomes. This research study is mainly anchored with Temporal
Motivation Theory, as this study is an experimental study which establishes a
relationship between cause and effect of a situation. Students procrastinate due to
low motivation, it may be the cause for them to procrastinate, however they're
somehow aware of what will be the outcome of their actions, but they don't
entertain nor recognize its existence.

For example, a student writer is given a week to finish her article, throughout the
week she has two options: do the article or watch Korean drama. The student
writer enjoys watching Korean drama, but needs to pass her article.