Problem 1 - Hydraulics |f6 m? of soil weight 47 kn , calculate the following, a) specific weight ©) specific gravity: b) Density: Problem 2 - Hydraulics For the open tank with piezometers attached on the side, contains two different liquids. ® _ Find the elevation of the liquid in piezometer A. @ __ Find the pressure at the bottom of the tank. @__ Find the elevation of the liquid in piezometer B. 20a)Problem 3 - Hydraulics il of sp.gr. 0.750 flows through the nozzle shown and deflects the mercury in the U-tube gage. ® Determine the value of h if the pressure at Ais 142 kPa. ® Whatis the pressure at B. ® Ifthe diam. at A is 200 mm, compute the velocity at A if oil flows at a rate of 36000 liters per minute. Hg(13.6) Problem 4 - Hydraulics ‘Acylinder glass tubing 2.8 cm. inside diameter and 90 cm long with one end closed is immersed vertically with the open end down into a tank of cleaning solvent (sp.gr. = 0.73) until only 5 cm. of its length remain above the liquid surface. If the barometric pressure is 1 kg/cm2 and neglecting vapor pressure, ‘How high wil the fluid rise in the tube? > Sem ‘@Compute the height of air inside the glass. r @What force required to maintain equilibrium. 90cm = | Creaning solvent x S073) LiProblem 5 - Hydraulics The 8 ft. diam. cylinder weighs 500 Ib. and rests on the bottom of a tank that is 3 ft. long. Water and cil are poured into the left and right portions of the tank to depths of 2 ft. and 4 ft. respectively. ® Find the horizontal component of the force that will kept the cylinder touching the tank at B. ® Find the vertical component of the force that will push up the oylinder. ® Compute the force that will keep the cylinder touching the tank at B. Problem 6 - Hydraulics The 6 ft. diameter cylinder weighs 5000 Ib. and is § ft. long. @ Determine the upward force due to the effect of oil in the left side. @ Compute the horizontal reaction at A. ® Compute the vertical reaction at B. Problem 7 - Hydraulics From the figure shown. © Compute the horizontal component of the hydrostatic force. @ Compute the vertical component of the hydrostatic force. ® Compute the location of the vertical component horizontally from B. Problem 8 - Hydraulics Awooden storage vat, 20 ft. outside diam. is filled with 24 ft. of brine sp.gr. = 1.06. The wood staves are bound by flat steel bands 2 in. wide by} inch thick, whose allowable stress is 16,000 psi. ®__ Whatis the bursting pressure? @ — Whatis the tensile force of steel bands. @ _ Whatis the spacing of the bands near the bottom of the vat, neglecting any initial stress?Problem 9 - Hydraulics Aconcrete dam retaining water is shown. If the specific weight of concrete is 23.5 kNim3. @ Find the factor of safety against sliding. @® Find the factor of safety against overturning if the coeff. of friction is 0.48. @ Find the max. and min. pressure intensity Problem 10 - Hydraulics A prismatic object 200 mm thick by 200 mm wide by 400 mm long is weighed in water at a depth of 500 mm and found to be 50 N. @® Find its weight in air. ® __ Find its specific gravity. ® __ Find its specific weight. Problem 11 - Hydraulics @®_ What fraction of the volume of a solid object of sp.gr. 7.3 floats above the surface of a container of mercury? If the volume of the object below the liquid surface is 0.014 m3, what is the wt. of the object. What load applied vertically that would cause the object to be fully submerged? Problem 12 - Hydraulics A hydrometer weighs 0.002 kg has a stem at the upper end, which is 3 mm in diameter. How much deeper will it float in oil (sp.gr. = 0.78) than in alcohol having sp.gr. of 0.82?Problem 13 - Hydraulics Apiece of wood of sp.gr. 0.651 is 3 in. square and 5 ft. long. ® What is the volume of lead having a unit weight of 700 pef that should be fastened at one end of the stick so that it will float upright in 1 ft. out of water? ® Determine the weight of the lead? ® Determine the total weight of lead and the wood. Problem 14 - Hydraulics A piece of wood floats in water with 50 mm projecting above the water surface. When placed in glycerine of sp.gr. 1.35, the block projects 75 mm above the liquid surface. © _ Find the height of the piece of wood. @ Find the sp.gr. of wood. @ _ Find the weight of the wood if it has a cross sectional area of 200 mm x 200 mm. Problem 15 - Hydraulics ‘An open horizontal tank 2 m high, 2m. wide and 4 m. long is full of water. ® How much water is spilled out when the tank is accelerated horizontally at 2.45 m/sec2 in a direction parallel with its longest side? ® — Whatis the force acting on the side with the greatest depth? ® Compute the required accelerating force. Problem 16 - Hydraulics ‘A75 mm diameter pipe, 2 meter long is just filed with oil, specific gravity is 0.855 and then capped. Placed in a horizontal positon, itis rotated at 27.5 radisec. about a vertical axis 0.5 meter from one end. Whats the pressure in kPa at the far end of the pipe? @Whatis the pressure in kPa at the other end of the pipe? @Whatis the pressure at the midpoint of the pipe?Problem 17 - Hydraulics A turbine is rated at 450 KN when the flow of water through it is 0.609 mis. Assuming an efficiency of 87%, what head is acting on the turbine? Problem 18 - Hydraulics Oil of sp.gr. of 0.75 is flowing through a 150 mm pipe under a pressure of 103 kPa. If the total energy relative to a datum plane 2.40 m. below the center of the pipe is 17.9 m. KNIKN, determine the flow of oil. Problem 19 - Hydraulics A150 mm diameter jet of water is discharge from a nozzle into the air. The velocity of the jet is 36 m/s. Find the power in the jet? Problem 20 - Hydraulics For laminar conditions, what size of pipe will deliver 0.0057 m*/s of oil having viscosity of v = 6.09x10% m?/s. Problem 21 - Hydraulics A ‘1m. diameter new cast iron pipe C = 130 is 845 m. long and has a head loss of 1.11 m. Find the discharge capacity of the pipe according to Hazen Williams Formula? Problem 22 - Hydraulics A barrel containing water weighs 1.260 kN. What will be the reading on the scale if a 50 mm by 50 mm piece of wood is held vertically in the water to a depth of 0.60 m. Problem 23 - Hydraulics Apiece of wood of sp.gr. 0.651 is 80 mm square and 1.5 m. long. How many Newtons of lead weighing 110 kN/m3 must be fastened at one end of the stick so that it will float upright with 0.3 m. out of water?Problem 24 - Hydraulics To what depth will a 2.4 m. diameter log 4.6 m. long and sp.gr. of 0.425 sink in fresh water? Problem 25 - Hydraulics ‘Arbarge with a flat Bottom and square ends has a draft of 18 m. when fully oaded and floating in an ‘upright position. The barge is 7.6 m. wide and 12.8 m. long and a height of 3 m. The center of gravity of the barge is 0.30 m. above the water surface ifthe barge is stable. Determine the distance of the metacenter above the center of buoyancy. ®© Determine the distance of the metacenter above the barge center of gravity. © Whats the righting moment in water when the angle of heel is 12°2 Problem 26 - Hydraulics Atank is 1.5 m. square and contains 1.0 m. of water. How high must its sides be if no water to be spilled when the acceleration is 4 m/s? parallel to a pair of sides? Problem 27 - Hydraulics Arectangular tank 6 m. long by 1.8 m. deep and 2.10 m. wide is filed with water accelerated in the direction of its length at a rate of 1.52 m/sec?. How many liters of water are spilled out? Problem 28 - Hydraulics A rectangular tank 6 m. long by 1.8 m. deep is 2.1 m. wide contains 0.90 m. of water. Find the unbalanced force necessary to accelerate the liquid mass in the direction of the tank length to accelerate 2.45 m/s? Problem 29 - Hydraulics Aecubic tank is filed with 1.5 m. of oll, sp.gr. 0.752. © Find the force acting on the side of the tank when the acceleration is 4.9 m/s? vertically upward ® Find the force acting on the side of the tank when the acceleration is 4.9 m/s? vertically downward. © Determine the pressure at the bottom of the tank when the acceleration is 9.81 mis? vertically downward. Problem 30 - Hydraulics An open cylindrical tank, 1.8 m. and 0.9 m. in diameter contains water to a depth of % ofits height. I the cylinder rotates about its geometric axis. © What constant angular velocity can be attained without spiling any water? ® Whats the pressure at the center of the bottom of the tank when « = 6 rad/sec? ® Whats the pressure at the bottom wall of the tank when « = 6 rad/sec?Problem 31 - Hydraulics Aclosed cylindrical tank 1.8 m. high and 0.9 m. in diameter contains 1.4 m. of water. When the angular velocity is constant at 20 rad/sec, how much of the bottom of the tank is uncovered? Problem 32 - Hydraulics An open vessel of water accelerates up a 30° plane at 3.66 m/s?. What is the angle the water surface makes with the horizontal? Problem 33 - Hydraulics Avessel partly filled with water is accelerated horizontally at a constant rate. The inclination of the water surface is 30°. What is the acceleration of the vessel? Problem 34 - Hydraulics An open tank of water accelerates down a 15’ inclined plane at 16.1 ft.sec?. What is the slope of the water surface? Problem 35 - Hydraulics An open cylindrical tank 4 ft. in diameter and 6 ft. deep is filled with water and rotated about its axis at 60 rpm. @ How much liquid is spilled? ® How deep is the water at the x-axis? ® Atwhat speed should the tank be rotated in order for the center of the bottom of the tank to have zero depth of water? Problem 36 - Hydraulics Aclosed vessel 1 m. in diameter is completely filled with water. If the vessel is fotated at 1200 rpm, what increase in pressure will occur at the top of the tank at the circumference? Problem 37 - Hydraulics ‘An open vessel 18 in. in diameter and filed with water is rotated about its vertical axis at such a velocity that the water surface 4 in. from the axis makes an angle of 40° with the horizontal. Compute the speed of rotation. Problem 38 - Hydraulics The 2m. diameter impeller of a closed centrifugal water pumped Is rotated at 1500 rom. If the casing is full of water, what pressure head is developed by rotation?Problem 39 - Hydraulics ‘An unbalanced vertical force of 268 N upward accelerates a volume of 0.044 m® of water. IF the water is 0.90 m. deep in a cylindrical tank, what is the force acting on the bottom of the tank? Problem 41 - Hydraulics The 8 ft. diam. cylinder weighs 500 Ib. and rests on the bottom of a tank that is 3 ft. long. Water and oil are poured into the left and right portions of the tank to depths of 2 ft. and 4 ft. respectively. © Find the horizontal component of the force that will kept the cylinder touching the tank at B. ® Find the vertical component of the force that will push up the cylinder. ® Compute the force that will keep the cylinder touching the tank at B. Problem 43 - Hydraulics ‘A concrete block with a volume of 0.023 cum. is tied to one end of a wooden post having dimensions of 200 mm x 200 mm by 3 m. long and placed in fresh water. Weight of wood is 6.4 kN/m3 and that of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3. @® Det. the length of the wooden post above the water surface. ® Det. the volume of additional concrete to be tied to the bottom of the post to make its top flush with the water surface. ® Det. the total weight of concrete to make its top flush with the water surface. Problem 44 - Hydraulics A rectangular barge weighing 200000 kg is 14 m long, 6 m. wide and 4.5 m deep. It will transport to Manila 20 mm diameter; 6 m. long steel reinforcing bars having a density of 7850 kglm’. Density of salt water is 1026 kg/m3. @ Det the draft of the barge on sea water before the bars was loaded. ® Ifa draft is to be maintained at 3 m., how many pieces of steel bars could it carry? @ Whats the draft of the barge when one half of its cargo is unloaded in fresh water? Problem 45 - Hydraulics A wooden pole (sp.gr. = 0.55) 550 mm. in diameter, has a concrete cylinder (sp.gr. = 2.5) 550 mm. long and of same diameter attached to one end. Unit weight of water is 9.79 kN/m3. @ Determine the min. length of pole for the system to float vertically in static equilibrium. ® Determine the weight of wood. ® Determine the total weight of wood and concrete.Problem 46 - Hydraulics If the center of gravity of a ship in the upright position is 10 m. above the center of gravity of the portion under water, the displacement being 1000 metric tons, and the ship is tipped 30° causing the center of buoyancy to shift sidewise by 8 m. ® Find the location of the metacenter from the bottom of the ship if its draft is 3m. @ Find the metacentric height. ® Whats the value at the moment in kg.m. Problem 47 - Hydraulics A cylindrical vessel 400 mm in diameter and filled with water in rotated about its vertical axis with speed such that the water surface at a distance of 100 mm from the vertical axis makes an angle of 45° with the horizontal © Find the speed of rotation in rpm. ® Find the difference in pressure at a point 0.10 m from the vertical axis and at the vortex of the water surface. © How faris the vortex of the water surface from the too of the vessel. Problem 48 - Hydraulics ‘A hemispherical bowl having a radius of 1 m. is full of water. If the hermispherical bowl is made to rotate uniformly about the vertical axis at the rate of 30 rpm. @ Determine the volume of water that is spilled out. ® Determine the remaining volume of water in the hemispherical bowl. ® Determine the maximum pressure at the bottom of the hemispherical at this instant. Problem 49 - Hydraulics Two reservoirs A and B have elevations of 250 m and 100 m respectively. Itis connected by @ pipe having a diameter of 25 mme and a length of 100 m. A turbine is installed at point in between reservoirs A and B. If C = 120, compute the following if the discharge flowing in the pipe is 150 liters/sec. 250m ay? 150m H1.100m | 250 mmo © Head loss of pipe due to friction. @ The head extracted by the turbine. ® The power generated by the turbine.Problem 50 - Hydraulics Reservoirs A, B and C are connected by pipelines 1, 2 and 3 respectively which meets at the junction D. The elevation of reservoir A is 300 m, while that of C is 277 m. Reservoir B is higher than reservoir A. The rate of flow out of reservoir B is 560 ltersisec. Pipes Diam. Length —_—Friction 1 900mm 1500m 0.0208 2 600mm 450m = 0.0168 3 450mm = 1200m =——0.0175 © Compute the discharge flowing in or out of reservoir A. Compute the discharge flowing towards reservoir C. @ Compute the elevation of reservoir B. Problem 51 - Hydraulics A valve is suddenly closed in a 200 mme pipe. The increase in pressure is 700 kPa. ‘Assuming that the pipe is rigid and the bulk modulus of water is 2.07 x 109 Nim2. © Compute the celerity of the pressure wave. ® Compute the velocity of flow. @ If the length of the pipe is 650 m. long, compute the water hammer pressure at the valve ifitis closed in 3 sec. Problem 52 - Hydraulics A sharp edge orifice, 75 mm in diameter lies in a horizontal plane, the jet being directed upward. If the jet rises to a height of 8 m. and the coefficient of velocity is 0.98. ® Determine the velocity of the jet. ® Determine the head loss of the orifice. ® Determine the head under which the orifice is discharging neglecting air resistance.Problem 58 - Hydraulics Ifthe viscosity of oll (sp.gr. = 0.85) is 15.4 poises, compute the kinematic viscosity in n¥/s. Solution: Absolute viscosity = 15.14(0.1) = 1.514 oI Kinemate viscosity = eos = 0.00178 m/s Problem 59 - Hydraulics Ifthe viscosity of oil having a sp gr. of 0.75 is 500 centipoise, compute the absolute viscosity in Pas. Solution: Absolute viscosity = 500(10)3= 0.5 Pas, Problem 60 - Hydraulics Liquid A, B, and C in the container shown have sp.gr. of 0.80, 1.0 and 1.60 respectively. Determine the difference in elevation of the liquid B and C in each piezometer tube. Problem 61 - Hydraulics Awater tank 3 m. in diameter and 6 m. high is made from a steel having a thickness of 12 mm. If the circumferential stress is limited to 5 MPa, what is the minimum height of water to which the tank may be filled? Problem 62 - Hydraulics A pressure vessel 320 mm in diameter is to be fabricated from steel plates. The vessel is to carry an internal pressure of 4 MPa. What is the required thickness of the plate if the vessel is to be spherical with an allowable stress of 120 MPa? Problem 63 - Hydraulics Acylindrical tank, having a vertical axis is 1.8 m. in diameter and 3 m. high. Its sides are held in position by means of two steel hoops, one at the top and one at the bottom. Find the ratio of the tensile stress at the bottom to that of the top. Problem 64 - Hydraulics A vertical surface 4m. square has its upper edge horizontal and on the water surface. At what depth must a horizontal ine a drawn on this surface so as to divide it into two parts on each of which the total pressure is the same?Problem 65 - Hydraulics ‘A vertical rectangular gate 2 m. wide and 3 m. high, hinged at the top, has water on one side. What force applied at the bottom of the gate at an angle of 45° with the vertical is required to open the gate wihen the water surface is 1.5 m. above the top of the gate? Problem 66 - Hydraulics ‘A trapezoidal dam having a total height of 20 m. on the vertical side has a width of 2 m. at the top and 8 m. at the bottom, The height of water in the vertical side of the dam is 12 m. Neglecting hydrostatic uplit; determine the factor of safety against overturning. Assume concrete weighs 23.5 KNim® Problem 67 - Hydraulics ‘A tank with vertical sides is 1.5 m. square, 3.5 m. depth is filed to a depth of 28 m. ofa liquid having a sp.gr. of 0.80. A cube of wood having a sp.gr. of 0.60 measuri ‘edge is placed on the liquid. By what amount will the liquid rise on the tank? Problem 68 - Hydraulics A ship of 4000 displacement floats in seawater with ils axis of symmetry vertical when a weight of 50 tons is midship. Moving the weight 3 m. towards one side of the deck causes a plumb bob, suspended at the end of a strong 3600 mm long to move 225 mm. Find the metacentric height. Problem 69 - Hydraulics ‘An open vessel of water accelerates up a 30° plane at 2 mis. What is the angle that the water surface makes with the horizontal? Problem 70 - Hydraulics A cylindrical vessel 2 m. in diameter and 3 m. high has a rounded circular orifice 50 mm in diameter at the bottom. If the vessel is filled with water, how long will it take to lower the water surface by 2m. Assume C = 0.60. Problem 61 - Hydraulics A rectangular channel having a width of 3 m. carries water flowing at a rate of 20 méJs. If the depth of water in the channel is 1.2 m., compute the critical kinetic energy. Problem 62 - Hydraulics A trepezoidal channel has a bottom width of 6 m. and side slopes of 2 hor. fo 1 vertical. When the depth of flow is 1.2 m., the flow is 30.40 mis, Compute the specific energy. ®@ Compute the slope of channel ifn = 0.014. @ Compute the average shearing stress at the boundary.Problem 63 - Hydraulics A circular concrete sewer 1.5 m. in diameter and flowing half full has a slope of 4mper 5 km. Determine the discharge if n = 0.013. Problem 64 - Hydraulics The cross section of a right triangular channel is shown with @ coefficient of roughness n = 0.072. ifthe rate of flow = 4 ms, © Calculate the critical depth. ® Calculate the critical velocity. ® Calculate the critical slope. Problem 7 - Geotechnical Aclay has the following Atterbergs limit as follows: Liquid limit = 60% Plastic limit = 40% From a hydrometer analysis to determine the particle sizes, it is found that 45% of the sample consists of particles smaller than 0.002 mm. From this information, determine the activity classification of clay. Problem 8 - Geotechnical A clay has the following Atterbergs limits: Liquid limit = 63%. Plastic limit = 23% Water content = 38% Compute consistency index. Problem 9 - Geotechnical ‘A soil sample has the following properties: Spagr.= 2.67 Void ratio = 0.54 Water content = 11.2% Compute the air void ratio.Problem 10 - Geotechnical The following soil as specified by the AASHTO Sysien has the following results: Percent finer than No. 10 sieve....... Percent finer than No. 40 sieve : Percent finer than No. 200 sieve ..... Liquid limit = 37 Plasticity index = 12 Calculate the partial group index for the soll that belongs to groups A-2-6. cer) Problem 11 —- Geotechnical Ifthe specific gravity of soil is 2.7 and has a water content of 15%, compute the zero air void unit weight in kN/m3. Problem 12 — Geotechnical ‘A compacted soil has a water content of 16% and a dry unit weight of 0.90 ji. Determine the dry unit weight if it has a specific gravity of 2.70. Problem 13 - Geotechnical Asoil has a water content of 25% and a degree of saturation of 82%. Compute the sp.gr. of the soil if it has a dry unit weight of 14.33 kN/m3. Problem 14 - Geotechnical The following are results of a field unit weight determinate test using sand cone method: Vol. of hole = 0.0014 m Mass of moist soil from hole = 3 kg Water content = 12% Max. dry unit weight from a laboratory compaction test is 19 kKN/m3. Determine the relative compaction in the field. Problem 15 - Geotechnical The relative compaction of sand in the field is 95. The max. dry unit weight of the sand is 16 kN/m3. Compute the moist unit weight at a moisture content of 8%.Problem 16 — Geotechnical From a compaction test of soil, the foll. data were obtained in the laboratory: Max. dry unit weight = 18.31 kN/m3 Min. dry unit weight = 15.25 kN/m3 Relative density = 64% Find the relative compaction in the field. Problem 17 - Geotechnical The moist unit weight of soil from the excavation site is 16.52 KN/m? with an in-situ moisture content of 18%. It has a sp.gr. of 2.75. This soil is to be used for a construction of a new highway for use in compacted fill. The soil needed is to be compacted to a dry unit weight of 16.1 kN/m?. How many cubic meters of soil from the excavation site are needed to produce 850 cu.m. of compacted fil? Problem 18 - Geotechnical Fora variable head permeability test, the fol. are given: Length of specimen = 375 mm Hydraulic conductivity = 1.72 m/min. ‘Area of specimen = 1875 mm? What should be the area of the stand pipe for the head drop from 625 mm to 300 mm in 8 minutes? Problem 19 - Geotechnical For a constant head laboratory permeability test on a fine sand, the following are given: Length of specimen = 250 mm Dia. of specimen = 62.5 mm. Head difference = 450 mm Water collected in 2 min. = 484 mm3 Determine the discharge velocity in mm/sec. Problem 20 - Geotechnical Find the flow rate in m3/hrim length (at right angles to the cross-section shown) through the permeable soil layer shown. H=3m Hy = 1.07 m h=14m o=14 K = 0.000488 mis L=36.58mProblem 21 - Geotechnical A layered soil is shown: 1 = 3 ft. K: = 104 cmisec. n= 4 ft. Ko =3x 102cmisec. 3 = 6 ft. K3 =4 x 105 cm/sec Estimate the ratio of equivalent permeability. yt Ky-104 emis, Ky=3x 107 emiee, 3-4 105 emiseeProblem 21 - Geotechnical Figure shows the layers of soil in a tube 100 mm x 100 mm in cross-section water is supplied to maintain a constant head difference of 400 mm across the sample. The hydraulic conductivities of the soils in the direction of flow through them are as follows: Compute the rate of supply in cm*/hr. Water anny Diino fe — Problem 22 - Geotechnical A pumping test from a well in an unconfined permeable layer underlain by impermeable stratum as shown has the foll. data: Rate of flow of ground water into the well = 20 ft'/min. hi= 18 ft 1 = 200 ft. a = r= nm took [7 re=1007] rod sua Calculate the — hydraulic conductivity in (ftmin) of the permeable layer. hy=l8) wen. ima | Impermbable layerProblem 23 - Geotechnical A sand layer of the cross-sectional area shown in the figure has been determined to exist for a 500 m. length of the levee. The hydraulic conductivity of the sand layer is 3 m/day. Determine the quantity of water which flows into the ditch in m/min. Problem 24 - Geotechnical ‘The weir shown has a base of which 2 m. below the ground surface. The pressure distibufon dagram at the base of the weir can be oblained from the equipotential lines as folows: N= N=T Coefficient of permeability K = 4 miday © Compute the uplift pressure at d. ® Compute the uplift force per unit lenath. ® Compute the seepage through the foundation.Problem 25 - Geotechnical ‘A flow net flow around a single row of sheet piles in a permeable soil layer is shown in the figure K=5 x 108 misec,, Ni= 3, Na=6. ® How high above the ground surface will“ the water rise if piezometer is placed at point “A"? ® What is the rate of seepage through flow channel Il per unit length (perpendicular. to the section shown)? ® Compute the total seepage loss per meter length of sheet pile Problem 26 - Geotechnical A flow net for the weir shown in the figure, compute the rate of seepage under the weir and the shape factor. Hydraulic conductivity K = 0.014 m/dayProblem 27 - Geotechnical ‘Consider the upward flow of water through @ layer of sand ina tank as shown inthe figure. Properties of sand: Void ratio © = 0.52 Specific gravity of solids = 2.67 Calculate the effective stress at B. What is the upward seepage force per unit volume of sol? What is the rate of upward seepage of water in imlhour if K = 2 x 105 m/sec and area of tank is 0.45 me? ® 68 Problem 28 - Geotechnical From the figure shown, the void rato of the sand is 0.55 wih a specie gravity of 2.68. The cross-sectional area of the tank is 0.5 mé and hydraulic conductivity of sand = 0.1 ems. © Whatis the rate of upward seepage in m'/hour? ® Determine the critical hydraulic gedient for zero effective stress. @ © Determine the value of h to cause boiling. Determine the value of x. = =044 Hy 24 Inflow,Problem 29 - Geotechnical A soil profile shown has a zone of capillary rise in the sand overlying the clay. In this zone, the average degree of saturation is 60% with a moist unit weight of 17.6 kN/m3. Dry Sand a 3.9m per rr ere | 69m Se om poet ITOK loo Clay Year ts 084Nimt | 3 ¢ | Problem 30 - Geotechnical From the soll profile shown, © Compute the effective stress at the bottom of the clay. @ If the water table rises to the top of the ground surface, coeee what is the change in the effective stress at the bottom of orehe the clay layer? @ How many meters must the ground water table rise to decrease the effective stress by 14.4 kPa at the bottom of == ay? 46m 3.6m Problem 31 - Geotechnical From the sieve analysis of a sand, the effective size was determined to be 0.18 mm, estimate the range of capillary rise in these sand for a void ratio of 0.65. Assume constant C= 20 mmeProblem 32 - Geotechnical From the soil profile, compute the following: @ Total stress at D ® Pore stress at D @ — Effective stress at C Dry Sand Ygyy=16.2kNime 4 ‘Se gg@=184 KN? oe Year =19381 Nl Problem 33 - Geotechnical Asoil element is shown in the figure. kPa © Compute the magnitude ofthe principal stresses. j ® Compute the normal stress on plane AB. 6oKPa ® Compute the shear stress on plane AB. B x=120 kPa | 4 > tay =10 kPa Problem 34 - Geotechnical A2m. x2 m, footing located 12 m. below the ground surface as shown, carries @ load of 660 KN (including column load and weight of footing and soil surcharge). Unit wt. of scilis 18 kNime. © Determine the stress of soil at the bottom ofthe footing. @ Determine the net vertical stress increment at a depth of 5 m. below the center ofthe footing at A. @ Determine the net vertical stress increment at a depth of 5 m. below the edge corner of the footing at B.Problem 35 - Geotechnical ‘Recording to the elastic theory, the verlical stress induced flexible line load of infinite length that has an intensity of q unitslength on the surface of a semi-infinite soil mass can be estimated by the expression: q = 0.637 — peOesry eel (] 1'= horizontal distance from the ine oad Z = death of ilerest at which stress is induced ‘A concrete hollow block wall weighing 6 KN per lineal meter is carried by a wall footing 0.60 m. wide. © Evaluate the bearing pressure in kPa exerted by the footing onto the supporting soil. @ Evaluate the stress in the soil caused by the load depth equal to twice its width. @ Evaluate the stress at a depth of 2 m. and a horizontal distance 3 m. from the line of oad. Problem 36 - Geotechnical A layer of soft clay having an initial void ratio of 2 is 10 m thick. Under a compressive load applied above it, the void ratio decreased by one-half. Evaluate the reduction in the thickness of the clay layer, in meters. Problem 37 - Geotechnical Estimate the height to which water will rise in the capillary tube of radius 15 mm. Surface tension of water is 0.0728 Nim. Problem 38 - Geotechnical Determine the depression h of the mercury in the glass capillary tube having a diameter of 2mm when the welting angle is 40°. Surface tension o = 0.514 Nim, Spgt. of mercury = 13.6Problem 39 - Geotechnical From the given soil profile, the clay has an overconsolidation ratio OCR = 2.0. Find the pre- consolidation pressure. Problem 40 - Geotechnical A soil profile is shown. The compression index for the given clay is 0.36. If the water table is lowered by 1.5 m, determine the settlement that would occur in the clay layer due to the lowering of the water table. Sand Yay=15.60 KN watertable in Y gat=16.58 KN/m? Yyqq~1 7-52 kN/md e=12 24m yProblem 41 - Geotechnical From the given soil profile shown, the ground surface is subjected to @ uniformly distributed load of 80 kPa. Compression index for clay is 0.288. Compute the settlement due to primary consolidation moka Hi Sand Vary“ OKNIme scm se Yoar720.78 RNs} C189 Aem| yyy IRN 4 e080 40m Problem 42 - Geotechnical The thickness of the clay layer under a layer of sand is equal to 5 m. The ground surface is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 40 kPa and resulted to a primary consolidation settlement of 180 mm. Compute the secondary settlement of the clay layer 5 years after the ‘completion of the primary consolidation settlement. Time of completion of primary settlement is 1.5 yrs. Secondary compression index C,, = 0.02 and void ratio of 0.54. Problem 43 - Geotechnical K day is normally consolidated. A laboratory consolidation test on the clay using eodometer gave the following results: Pressure (kPa) Void ratio 100 0.905 200 0.815 Compute the compression index of the normally consolidated clay.Problem 44 - Geotechnical A normally consolidated clay has 3 m. thick and a void ration of 1.10. A uniform load is acting on the ground surface of the sand which overlies the clay equal to AP = 4.0 kPa. Average effective stress at the midpoint of clay is Po = 80 kPa Preconsolidation pressure P, = 130 kPa ‘Swell index = 0.06 Compute the primary consolidation settlement. Problem 45 - Geotechnical Laboratory consoldation data for an undisturbed day specimen are as follows: e1= 1.12 e2= 0.90 P; =90 kPa P2= 460 kPa Find the void ratio for a pressure of P = 600 kPa. Problem 46 - Geotechnical Laboratory test were conducted on a specimen collected from the middle of the clay layer. The void ratio of undisturbed clay is 1.12 with a saturated unit weight of 18 kN/m?. The void ratio of the clay after the application of the load (surcharge) is 1.05. Determine the settlement in the field caused by the primary consolidation after the application of the load at the ground surface. Thickness of clay layer is 6 m. Problem 47 - Geotechnical From the field consolidation data shows that the soil has the foll. properties: Water content = 40% Plasticity index = 0.64 Plastic limit = 20% ‘Compute the primary compression index. Problem 48 - Geotechnical Estimate the elastic settlement of a rigid 3 m. square footing constructed over a loose sand layer, given that the load carried by the footing = 701 kN Modulus of elasticity of soil E = 16000 kNim2 Poisson's ratio of soil ys = 0.32 Non-dimensional influence factor Ib = 0.88,Problem 49 - Geotechnical ‘A consolidated-undrained tr-axial test was conducted on the clay sample and the results are as follows: Drained friction angle = 28° for a normally consolidated clay For a consolidated-undrained tr-axial test Chamber confining pressure = 100 kPa Deviator stress at failure = 90 kPa Compute the consolidated undrained friction angle. Determine the pore water pressure developed in the clay specimen at failure. Compute the deviator stress at failure when the drained test was conducted with the same chamber confining pressure. eee Problem 50 - Geotechnical An unconfined compression test was carried out on a saturated clay sample. The maximum load the clay sustained was 130 kN and the vertical displacement was 0.8 mm. The diameter of the soil sample was 40 mm diameter and 75 mm long. Compute the undrained shear strength. Problem 51 — Geotechnical ‘KAS m, high retaining wall The wall is restrained from yielding. The drained fiicion angle ofthe soil is ae Dry unit weight of soll = 16 kNim® Saturated unit weight of soll= 19.60 kN? FS; © Compute the at rest earth pressure coefficient. 3m | Hap=16KNnt ® Compute the lateral force per unit length of the wall. ®Determine the location of the resultant force from the AS ml ———ae bottom of the wall. anos Send Solution: 15) | Pap 60 kN? At rest earth pressure coefficient Problem 52 - Geotechnical A vertical retaining wall 6 m. high is supporting a backfill having a dry unit weight of 15.6 KNim3, Drained friction angle ‘Over consolidation ratio = 2 ‘Compute the lateral force per unit length of wall so that the wall is restrained from yielding.Problem 53 - Geotechnical ‘The unit weight of the soil mass deposit of loose sand is 16 KNIm®. Ifthe coefficient of lateral pressure at rest condition is 0.50, determine the horizontal stress that acts within in the soil mass at a depth of 3 m. Problem 54 - Geotechnical Aconcrete basement wall for a structure extends below the ground water table. Dry unit weight of sand = 16.8 kN/m3 Saturated unit weight of sand = 19.6 kN/m3 Calculate the total lateral pressure acting against the wall at a point 2.4 m below the ground surface. Coefficient of lateral pressure at rest condition is 0.40. ground surface Problem 55 - Geotechnical At a planned construction site, subsurface sampling indicates that the wet unit weight of the soil is 19.35 kN/m3. ® Determine the effective vertical stress at a depth of 3.6 m if the water table is deep. ® Determine the effective vertical stress and the neutral stress at the 3.6 m. depth, if the water table rises to within 1.8 m. of the ground surface. @® Determine the effective stress at a depth of 3.6 m. if the water table is on the ground surface.Problem 56 - Geotechnical ‘An unsupported cutis shown in the figure. ‘Unit weight of soil backfill = 18.2 KN/m? y =182 kN N/m? 10" Angle of friction = 10° © Find the stress at the top and bottom of cut. ® Determine the maximum depth of potential crack. ® Determine the maximum unsupported height of excavation needed. Problem 57 - Geotechnical During a consolidated undrained tr-axial test on a clayey soil specimen, the minor and major principal stresses at failure were 220 and 340 kPa, respectively. What is the axial stress at failure if a similar specimen is subjected to an unconfined compression test and determine also the cohesion of the clayey soil sample. yey ipl 3 ( \ Problem 58 - Geotechnical The fricfional angle o” = 20° of a normally consolidated specimen collected during field exploration. The unconfined compression strength qu of a similar specimen was found to be 140 kPa. Determine the pore water pressure at failure for the unconfined compression test. Problem 59 - Geotechnical A 5.4 m high retaining wall is supporting a horizontal backfill of a cohesionless soil as shown. Unit weight of soil = 17.30 kN/m3. Angle of friction @ = 36°. © Determine the at rest force per unit length of the wall. ® Determine the active force per unit length of the wall. ® Determine the passive force per unit length of the wall.Problem 60 - Geotechnical A retaining wall has a height of 6 m. It supports a horizontal backfill of non-cohesive soil with a ground water table ata depth of 3m. below the horizontal baci - © Compute the effective stress at the bottom of the wall. @ Compute the force per unit weight ofthe wall using Rankine's active state. 3 ,.| @ Determine the location of the resultant force acting on the wall Bam] | | 7 ggat8 Ne? in Problem 61 - Geotechnical A retaining wall is 6 m. high. The ground water table is located 3 m. below the ground surface. The horizontal backiil is subjected to a surcharge of 15 kN/m2. Compute the Rankine active force per unit length of the wall ground surface q=15 kNim? RERRRO RRR ERE ee Yoai=19 KNim? 3m| 936"Problem 62 - Geotechnical A retaining wall having a height of 1.5 m. is supporting two layers of cohesive soil having the characteristics as shown in the figure. Compute the active force after the occurrence of the tensile crack. 0.6m Sand 9=30° oom Y =ITKNim? co Problem 63 - Geotechnical ‘A square footing 1.5 m x 1.5 m carries a concentric column load of P. The water table is at a distance of 1.2 m. below the bottom of the footing. Characteristics of sand: \p Unit weight of sand = 19.6 Nim? t Angle of friction = 35° ; Neo=58 Ne Ny = 46 ‘ground surface Water content = 15% I Poisson's ratio = 0.42 Coefficient of subgrade reaction = 14 kN/m3 t s If the factor of safety based on ultimate BalSm Ipetam bearing capacity is 28, compute the peel maximum column load that the footing Seem could support. Problem 64 - Geotechnical A square footing must carry a gross allowable load of 670 KN. The base of the footing is to be located at a depth of 0.92 m. below the ground surface. For the soil, we are given that ys = 18.1 kN/m, c = 0 and angle of friction @ = 40’. If the required factor of safety is 3, determine the size of the footing. Assume general shear failure of soil. N, = 95.66 Ng = 81.27 Ny = 115.31Problem 65 — Geotechnical ‘A square foundation footing has a dimension of 3 m x 3 m. It supports an axial load of 2250 KN. The building site is underlain by a thick stratum of sand. If the modulus of vertical subgrade reaction is 45 x 10% KNim‘, estimate the settlement of the soil supporting the footing. Problem 66 - Geotechnical A rectangular footing 6 m x 3 m supports an axial load of 3600 KN. Shear strength of clay = 90 KPa ‘Shape and foundation rigidity factor: Cs = 1.12 Calculate the immediate settlement (due to volume distortion) expected beneath the center ofa rigid rectangular shape foundation bearing a deep clay deposit. Problem 67 - Geotechnical ‘3m. x 3m. square footing is embedded 0.60 m into a sand profile having a bulk unit weight of 18 KNim? and bearing capacity factors No = 48, Nz = 25 and Ny = 19. Neglecting shape factors, if the depth to the water table is 2.10 m. below the ground surface and the proposed column load is 3340 KN, find the factor of safety against bearing capacity. Problem 68 - Geotechnical A square footing 2 m x 2 m is embedded 1.2 m. below the ground surface. The soil profile has the following properties: Cohesion = 10 kPa Bulk unit weight = 20 kN/m? Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Factors: Ne = 12.86, Nq = 4.45 and Ny = 1.52 If the ground water table is at the bottom of the footing and the proposed column: load is 350 kN, determine the factor of safety against bearing capacity.Problem 69 - Geotechnical Aclay embankment has a slope of 3H to 1V and a height of 5.40 m. The unit weight of clay is 19.7 kN/m? and the unconfined compressive strength is 76 kPa. Compute the factor of safety for slope stability if it has a stability number of 5.53. Problem 70 - Geotechnical The ultimate bearing capacity of a 600 mm diameter plate as determined from field load test is 300 kPa. Estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of a circular footing with a diameter of 1.6 m. The soil is sandy. Problem 71 - Geotechnical For the infinite slope shown the values of the soil properties are as follows: Thickness of granular soil (c = 0) is 6 m. Angular friction is 22"and the slope is 18°. Unit weight of soil is 19.6 kKN/m®. Determine the factor of safety of the infinite slope. Problem 72 - Geotechnical Laboratory test on a soil sample yielded the following results: Liquid limit = 54% Plastic limit = 25% Natural moisture content = 29% % finer than 0.002 mm = 18% ® Determine the activity number of the soil. @ Determine the liquidity index. ® Determine the consistency of the given soil. Problem 73 - Geotechnical ‘An undistributed sample of saturated day has a volume of 16.5 cc and weighs 35.1 9. After oven drying, the weight of the sample reduces to 29.5 g © Determine the void ratio of the soil sample. @® Determine the sp.gr. of the soil sample. ® Determine the moisture content of the soil sample.Problem 74 - Geotechnical From the given table of consistency index and an unconfined compressive strength of the soil Type of Soil | Consistency index Unconfined Compressive Strength (kPa) Very Soft 0-25 <2 Soft 25-50 25-50 Medium 50-75 50-100, Stiff 75-100 100-200 Very Sti > 100 200-400 Hard > 100 > 400 © _ Determine the unconfined compressive strength of a stif soil having a consistency of 85. @. Determine the consistency of a soft soil having a cohesion of 20 kPa. @ Find the shear strength ofa sii soll ata depth of 8 m.i the soil has a consistency of 80%, Assume anal of intemal fiction of the sol o be 32° and its unt weiaht is 18 Nim. Problem 75 - Geotechnical @ excavation is carried out in a soil with a porosity of 0.40 and sp.gr. of 2.65, determine the critical gradient. ® Determine saturated unit weight of the soil. © Ifa 1.50 m. layer of the soil is subjected to an upward seepage head of 1.95 m., what depth of coarse sand would be required above the soil to provide a factor of safety of 2.5 Assume all soils have the same porosity and sp.ar. of solids as the soil. Problem 76 - Geotechnical A sample of clay was coated with paraffin wax and its mass including the mass of wax, was found to be 697.5 g. The sample was immersed in water and the volume of water displaced ws found to be 355 c.c. The mass of the sample without wax was 690 g and the water content of the representative specimen was 18%. Sp.gr. of the solid = 2.70 and that of wax is 0.89. @® Determine the bulk density. @ Determine the dry density. @ Determine the degree of saturation.Problem 77 - Geotechnical A cone penetrometer test was conducted on a sample of soil for the determination of the liquid limit and the following observations were recorded. Liquid limit = 58% Plastic limit = 34% Shrinkage limit = 12% @® Compute the plasticity index. ® Compute the shrinkage index. @® Compute the shrinkage ratio if Gs = 2.70 Problem 78 - Geotechnical Asoil has a liquid limit of 25% and a flow index of 12.5%. If the plastic limit is 15% and shrinkage limit is 12% ® Determine the toughness index. @ Determine the shrinkage index. @® Determine the relative consistency if the water content in its natural condition in the field is 20%. Problem 79 - Geotechnical The water table in a deposit of uniform sand is located at 2 m. below the ground surface. ‘Assuming the soil above the water table is dry. The void ratio is 0.75 and sp.gr. of solids is 2.65. @® Determine the total stress at a depth of 5 m. below the ground surface. ® Determine the effective stress of the depth of 5 m. below the ground. @® Determine the effective stress of the depth of 5 m. below the ground surface if the soil above the water table is saturated by capillary action.Problem 80 - Geotechnical During a test for water content determination on a soil sample by pycnometer, the following observations were recorded: Mass of wet soil sample = 1000 g Mass of pycnometer with soil and filed with water = 2000 g Mass of pycnometer filled with water only 1480 g Spagr. of solids = 2.67 @® Determine the water content. ® Ifthe bulk density of the soil is 2.05 g/cc, determine the void ratio. Problem 81 — Geotechnical ‘A sand deposit is 10 m. thick and overlies @ bed of soft clay. The ground water table is 3m. below the ground surface. The sand above the ground water table has a degree of saturation of 45%. Void ratio is 0.70 with a sp.ar. of 2.65. @® Determine the bulk unit weight of the soil above the water table. ® Determine the effective stress at a depth of 10 m. below the ground surface. @ Determine the increase in the effective stress at a depth of 10 m. below the ground surface when the water table is lowered by 5 m. Assume that the soil above the water table has a degree of saturation of 45° throughout. Problem 82 - Geotechnical A soil profile consists of a surface layer of clay 4 m. thick (y = 19.5 kN/m*) and a sand layer 2 m. thick (y = 18.5 kN/m?) overlying an impermeable rock. The water table is at the ground surface. The water level in a standpipe driven into the sand layer rises 2 m. above the ground surface. The 4 m. clay is above the sand layer. @® Determine the effective stress of the sand at 4m. below the ground surface. @® Determine the effective stress of the clay at 4 m. below the ground surface.@ When the water level in the standpipe is reduced by 1 m., determine the effective stress at the bottom of the sand 6 m. below the ground surface. Problem 83 - Geotechnical The following index properties was determined for a soil sample. Liquid limit = 65%. Sp.gr. of solids = 2.70 Plastic limit = 25% Degree of saturation = 100% Water content = 35% ® Determine the number of clay particles that the soil contains iin %. @ Determine the void ratio of the soil sample @ Determine the bulk density of the soil sample. Problem 84 - Geotechnical A cylindrical specimen of a cohesive soil of 10 cm diameter and 20 cm length was prepared by compaction in a mould. If the wet mass of the specimen was 3.25 kg and its water content was 15%. Gs = 2.70 ® Determine the dry density. @ Determine the void ratio. @ Ifthe sp.gr. of the particles is 2.70, find the degree of saturation.Problem 85 - Geotechnical ‘A concentrated load 40 KN is applied vertically on a ground surface. where: Q = point load 2= depth of interest at which stress is in use 1 = horizontal distance from the line load © Using Boussinesq method, determine the vertical stress intensities at a depth of 2m. below the point of application of the load. ® Using Boussinesq method, determine the vertical stress at a depth of 1 m. and at a radical distance of 3 m. from the line of action of the load. @ Determine the vertical stress intensity on a horizontal plane at a depth of 2 m. below the base of the footing using Westergaard equation. se =O) 1 ape Slay Problem 86 - Geotechnical The vertical stress at a point below the center of circular footing caused by a uniformly loaded flexible circular are can be expressed as: where: p= vertical stress at a point below the circular footing > aH = intensity of pressure on the circular area of radius r [e) | 2 = depth directly below the center ofthe circular footing peat. (D Ifthe bearing pressure exerted by the footing having a diameter of Sm. is 152.79 kPa, determine the ‘concentrated load imposed upon the circular footing. @ __ Determine the vertical stress at a depth equal to 1.5 times the diameter of the footing if it carries a concentrated load of 2500 kN. @ Determine the total vertical pressure at a depth equal to 1.5 times the diameter of the circular footing if the unit weight of soil ‘supporting the footing is 16 kN/m?Problem 87 - Geotechnical A retaining wall has a height of 6 m. and is supporting a horizontal backfill which is level with the top of the wall. The backfill has a unit weight of 16 kNim’. ® Compute the lateral force per unit length of wall ifthe wall is prevented from moving. Use Poissor’s ratio of soil to be 0.36. @ Compute the lateral force per unit length of wall if the soil has an over consolidated ratio of 2 and a Poisson's ratio of 0.36. @® Ifthe angle of friction of the soil is 32°, find the lateral active force acting on the wall. Problem 88 - Geotechnical A soil profile consists of two layers of soll with the clay layer underlying the sand layer. The sand layer has a unit weight of 20 kNim® having a thickness of 4 m. and the unit weight of the 2.5 m. layer of clay is 18 kN/m?. Compression index of the clay is 0.22 with a void ratio of 1.30. @® Compute the effective stress at the mid height of clay. ® Calculate the final settlement of the clay layer due to an increase of pressure of 30 kPa at the mid-height of the clay. ® Calculate the settlement when the water table rises to the ground surface. Problem 89 - Geotechnical ‘The saturated soil stratum of clay is 4 m. thick below the foundation of the new Cebu-Cordova Bridge. It has a void ratio of 1.50 at an initial pressure of 150 kPa. Compute the final settlement of the soil stratum due to an increase of stress of 50 kPa if C= 0.20. Problem 90 - Geotechnical There is a layer of soft clay of 4 m. thick under a newly constructed AVIDA Condominium in Pasig City. The overburden pressure over the center of the clay layer is 300 kPa. The water content of the deposit was found to be 50%. If there is an increase in pressure due to construction of 100 kPa, determine the settlement of the clay layer. C, = 0.50 and sp.gr. of soil is 2.70.Problem 91 - Geotechnical Anormally consolidated layer settles 20 mm when the effective stress is increased from 80 to 160 kPa. When the effective stress is further increased to 320 kPa, the further the settlement will be. Problem 92 - Geotechnical A clay sample originally 25 mm thick at a void ratio of 1.120 was subjected to a compressive load. After the clay sample was completely consolidated, its thickness was measured to be 24 mm. Determine the final void ratio. Problem 93 - Geotechnical AA tri-axial compression test on a cohesive sample cylindrical in shape yields the following effective stress. Major principal stress = 8 MN/m2 Minor principal stress = 2 MN/m2 © Compute the angle of internal friction. ® Compute the cohesion ofthe soil sample. ® Compute the shear stress at the rupture plane. Problem 94 - Geotechnical A cohesive soil specimen has a shearing resistance equal to 28° and a cohesion of 30 kPa. If the maximum shearing stress of the soil sample is equal to 70 kPa. © Compute the lateral pressure in the cell for a failure to occur. ® Compute the maximum principal stress to cause failure. ® Compute the normal stress at the point of maximum shear. Problem 95 - Geotechnical A cohesive soil with an angle of shearing resistance of 36°, has a cohesion of 12 kPa and a max. shear stress of 308 MPa. ® Compute the confining pressure. ® Compute the max. principal stress. ® Compute the normal stress at the failure plane.