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. A >?+B ABC ¢ OC6EV ( ) ')62
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( ') $"% . M [ AC ] ƒqB*. D ! #* >%B62X ( ) . O |b;OX ŸL\G '( )6X ABCD
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 : 01

N Z D Q R

- 3,2 × × - 3,2 - 3,2 - 3,2

6 -6 -6 -6 -6
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16 16 16 16 16 16
0 0 0 0 0 0

: 02
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a 3 b4 b

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 : 03
: (1
1
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1
=
2
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2 ( 5 -1
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11 11

: 05

1 ) 3 × 10 8 ; 10 8 A -B 4CDA
2 ) 3 × 10 20 ; 10 20 A -B 4CDA
3 ) 9,4608 × 10 15 ; 10 15 A -B 4CDA

21

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 ( 365× 24× 60× 60 )× K)N 48OP = 4%?)N 4,2 ])^ : 4_3LX
4%B%@H 60 +U% 48+2 . 48+P 24 t% d)% . d)* 365 +U% 4,2 :[
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: 07

× 5 64
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* P=
×
( 23) 5 .(1225) 4 480 ×( 25) 2 ×154 × (115) 4

- (3 5) 2 ×(3 ×5 ×23×) 5 2×6 5×6 ×(7 2 ) 2 ×(7 × 23) 4

P=
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- 32 5 2 ×
35 ×55 × (23
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P=
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 - 26 3×7 ×513 ×78 × ( 23 )9
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605 ×324 ×54 × 86 × 163

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9 (40 × ) 3 (×36) 2 ×610 ×(48) 5 × (625) 2

210 35 ×55× 3×24 5×4 ×218 × 212 2 40 ××3 29 × 5 9 1 1

Q= = = =
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220 ×35 × 58 2 43 ××3 29 × 511 2 3 × 5 2 200

3 (2 ×
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3 2 -4 ×5 4 × 5 16× 2 6× 5×
6
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R= 7 = 2 11 × 5 2 = 51200
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: 08

a × b = 1200 = 2 4 ×3 × 5 2

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2
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3
1200
* a = 5: b = = 240
5

23

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4,9 d - c 5,1 5,1 d-c 4,9

a 2 + bc
1,85 2,09 : t% 8 .
d-c

a 2 + bc
1,36 K 1,44 : :<= 1,85 2,09 : t,X.
d-c

: 10
S= R2 : OsC c-8+@ 43+2X – 1
( 4,3 R 4,4 ) ( 18,49 R 2 19,36 ) : +,*-
58,05 S 60,98 : :<= 18,49 × 3,14 R2 19,36 × 3,15 : t,X .
V1 = S × H : OsC >53 – 2
58,05 × 50,9 S × H 60,98 × 50,8 : +,*-
2954,745 V1 3097,784 : :<=

24

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 3 3 3 3
2954,745 × V1 × 3097,784 × : +,*- V2 =V1 × : K+ >53 – 3
4 4 4 4

2216,05875 V2 2323,338 : t,X .

: 11

(2 x 3) (4 x2 9 ) : +,*- -1
10 5x 15
. ( 14 x 2 + 5x 24 ) : t,X.
4 x2 9

. 11 x 2 + 5x - 3 21 ... (1) : :<=

. (4 x 9 ) (5 x 2 + 1 10 )...(2)
2
: +,*-
11 x 2 + 5x - 3 21
. 1,1 f ( x ) 4,2 : :<= : ”6,* (2) . (1) $X
10 x2 +1 5

(n x n +1 ) (n 2
x2 ( n + 1 )2 ) : +,*- -2
n 2 x2 ( n +1)2
(n 2
+ 5n x2 + 5x ( n +1)2 + 5 (n +1) )
5n 5x 5 ( n +1)

n 2 + 5n - 3 x 2 + 5x - 3 ( n + 1 ) 2 + 5 ( n + 1 ) - 3 : t,X.

n 2 + 5n - 3 x 2 + 5x - 3 n 2 + 7n + 3 ... (1)
n2 +1 x2 +1 ( n + 1 ) 2 + 1 : +,*-

n2 +1 x2 +1 n 2 + 2 n + 2 ... (2) : t,X .

n 2 + 5n - 3 x 2 + 5x - 3 n 2 + 7n + 3
: t% 8 .
n 2 + 2n + 2 x2 +1 n2 +1

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 n 2 + 5n - 3 n 2 + 7n + 3
. 2 f (x) : t% 8 .
n + 2n + 2 n2 +1

: 12

. :+2*+B6X ABD . ABC $% :G Y+Cˆ= (1

* BD = AC (+\O ) * BC = AD (+\O ) : +,*-
* [ AB ] (»O6#X ƒ \)
. :+2*+B6X ABD. ABC :+ : t,X.

.:+2*+B6X BDC . ACD $% :G Y+Cˆ= (2

* [ DC ] (»O6#X ƒ \) * AD = BC (+\O ) * AC = BD (+\O ) : +,*-
. :+2*+B6X BDC . ACD :+ : t,X .

A B

D C

26

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 : 13

: ¦+2T (1
LC2 = LB2 + BC2 : t% 8. B >?+@ LBC *
LC2 = ( 16 – x )2 + ( 20 )2 : t,X.
= 256 - 32 x + x2 + 400
A
15 cm K D = 656 – 32x + x2
D >?+@ KDC *
x cm

KC2 = KD2 + DC2 : t% 8.

16 cm

L = ( 5 )2 + ( 16 )2
= 25 + 256 = 281
B C
20 cm A >?+@ ALK *
LK2 = LA2 + AK2 = x2 + ( 15 )2 = x2 + 225 : t% 8.
KC = LK : +,*- ( 2
x2 = 56 : :<= 281 = x2 + 225 : t,X .

. x = 2 14 : +6 +F . x = 56 : t% 8 .
: |+,EX K >?+@ KCL (3
KC2 + KL2 = LC2
281 + x2 + 225 = 656 – 32x +x2 : t% 8 .
32x = 656 – 281 – 225 = 150 : t,X .
75 150
. x= : :<= x= : +6 +F .
16 32

27

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 : 14

3x
MC = : :G :+%CD ( 1
7
( AB ) // ( ) : +,*-
6 MC LC MC
= : +6 +F . = ª% +^ 4*O_V 123 t% 8.
14 x LA AK
A 6
MC = x : t% 8. 14 MC = 6 x : t,X.
x 14
14 cm
3x
K . MC = : +6 +F.
( ) 7
20-x L : x $¢%%ED ( 2
M 3x
B
6 cm
= 3 : t% 8 . MC = 3 : +,*-
C 7
. x = 7 : :<= 3x = 21 : t,X .

: 15

B A . ( -GO +F !F+B6 +F ) ALE = BLD : +,*- *

L
EAL = DBL : +,*- . *
(C)

O . ( DE -)B ªvV : OoTD :+6*. ( )

D . :+UF+#6X BLD . ALE :+ : t% 8 .
E

28

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 : 16

: p ( x ) cA+CE 7%2CD -1

p ( x ) = Cos ( x + ) + Sin x + Sin x + - Cos x +

2 2
p ( x ) = - Cos x + Sin x + Cos x + Sin x
. p ( x ) = 2 Sin x : :<=
p ( x ) = 0 : 4 H+E !3 -2
Sin x = 0 : +6 +F . 2 Sin x = 0 : 'G
(x=k ; k Z) : -5V 4% cO? - 123 .
. x=k ; k Z : %3 x 4%B%BT H -8[ J 4 H+E ]) 3 :<=
p ( x + 2 ) = p ( x ) .... ( 1 ) : 4 H+E !3 -3
2 Sin ( x + 2 ) = 2 Sin ( - x ) : ,ED (1)
Sin ( x + 2 ) = Sin ( - x ) : :G ,E* …J .
: -5V 4% cO? - 123 .
x + 2 = - x + 2k , k Z
O
.G
x + 2 = + x + 2k , k Z

x =- +k , k Z
: t,X.
0 = - + 2k , k Z ( !%T62X)

: %TF x 4%B%BT H -8[ J 4 H+E ]) 3 :<=

x = ( k -1 ) , k Z

29

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 : 4% cO? - 9 8 ]) T A)• !% D -
M2 M1 x=- : +,*- k = 0 : !‚G $X
x=0 : +,*- k = 1 : !‚G $X
M 2 ( - ) . M 1 ( 0 ) :+6qB, + J $% T +DA)•

: 17

Cos 2 ( + x ) - Sin 2 ( + x ) 0 : <= 7B . <= 4 OEX Q(x) :)"*

[Cos 2
( + x ) - Sin 2 ( + x ) = 0 ] [Cos 2
]
x - Sin 2 x = 0 ...(1)

(1) [( Cos x - Sin x ) ( Cos x + Sin x ) = 0 ]

Cos x - Sin x = 0 Cos x = Sin x
(1)
Cos x + Sin x = 0 Cos x = Sin x

x = +k ;k Z
(1) 4
: 4% cO? - 123 t,X .
x = +k ;k Z
4
: <= 7B . <= 4 OEX Q(x) :)"D :<=
-
x +R , x +k , R Z
4 4
- 2 Cos x
Q( x ) = : :G :+%CD -
2 Cos 2 x 1
Cos ( + x ) - Sin ( + x ) + Cos ( x ) - Sin ( x)
Q( x ) =
Cos 2 ( + x ) - Sin 2 ( + x )

- Cos x + Sin x Cos x - Sin x

Q(x) =
Cos2 x - Sin2 x
30

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 - 2 Cos x
Q(x) =
Cos2 x - Sin2 x
- 2 Cos x
. Q( x ) = : t,X.
2 Cos 2 x 1
Q ( x ) = 2 : 4 H+E [0,2 ] !3*
- 2 Cos x
(Q(x)=2 ) = 2 .... ( 1 )
2 Cos 2 x - 1

(1) ( - 2 Cos x = 4Cos x - 2 )

2

(1) ( 4Cos x + 2Cos x - 2 = 0 )

2

( 1 ) ( 2 Cos x + Cos x - 1 = 0 )
2

2Cos 2 x + Cos x – 1 = 0 : 4 H+E !3

2y 2 + y – 1 = 0 : -5V Cos x = y : ƒ\)F
( y + 1 ) ( 2y – 1 ) : :<=
( Cos x + 1 ) ( 2Cos x – 1 ) = 0 … ( 2 ) : t% 8.
Cos x + 1 = 0
(2) .G : :<=
2Cos x - 1 = 0
Cos x = - 1
(2) 1
Cos x =
2
( Cos x = - 1 ) ( Cos x = Cos ) : t,X.
x = + 2k , k Z
( Cos x = - 1 ) .G
x= + 2k , k Z

( Cos x = - 1 ) (x= + 2k , k Z )

31

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 1
Cos x = Cos x = Cos
2 3
x= + 2k , k Z
1 3
Cos x = .G
2 -
x= + 2k , k Z
3

x= .G x = .G x = : :W x [ 0 , 2 ] :G + F .
4 3
-
. , , : J ]) T +6 +F.
3 3
. +J-,8 4 OEX Q( x ) :[ 4 )CBX ]) T |…J .

: 18

. (4 . (3 . (2 . (1

. (7 . (6 . (5

: 19

( a – b ) 3 : cA+CE A+o6’ . 7%2CD. O#V ( 1

* ( a - b )3 = ( a - b ) ( a - b ) 2 = ( a - b ) ( a 2 - 2ab + b 2 )
= a 3 - 2a 2 b + ab 2 - a 2 b + 2ab 2 - b3
. ( a - b )3 = a 3 - 3a 2b + 3ab 2 - b3 : t,X .

32

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 : O#, ( 2
*(a-b) (a 2
+ ab + b 2 ) =a 3
+ a 2 b + ab 2 - a 2 b - ab 2 - b3

. ( a - b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 ) =a 3
- b3 : t,X .

*(a+b) (a 2
- ab + b 2 ) =a 3
- a 2 b + ab 2 + a 2 b - ab 2 + b3

. ( a + b ) ( a 2 - ab + b 2 ) =a 3
+ b3 : t,X .
: ´+6,6P•
* a - b = ( a - b ) ( a + ab + b
3 3 2 2
)
* a 3 + b3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 - ab + b 2 )
: A+o6’• . O#, ( 3
( a + b + c )2 = [ a + ( b + c ) ]2 = a 2 + 2a ( b + c ) + ( b + c ) 2

= a 2 + 2ab + 2ac + b 2 + c 2 + 2bc

= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc

( 4x ) ´+6,6P
2
: 2
-x+1

( 4x )
2 2 2
-x+1 = 4x 2 + ( - x ) + 1
= ( 4x 2 ) +(-x) 2 +(1) 2 +2 ( 4x 2 ) (-x) +2 ( 4x 2 ) (1) +2(-x)(1)
2

= 16x 4 + x 2 + 1 - 8x 3 + 8x 2 - 2x

. ( 4x 2 - x + 1 ) = 16x 4 - 8x 3 + 9x 2 - 2x + 1
2

33

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 : 20

S1 = ( 2x - 1) x = 2x 2 - x : J ABCD 43 +2X
(2x - 1) x 2 x 2 - x
S2 = = : J ADE 43+2X
2 2
2 x2 - x 4 x2 - 2 x + 2 x2 - x
2
S=2x -x+ = : t,X . S = S1 + S2 : J ]b, 43+2X
2 2
6 x2 - 3 x 6 x2 - 3x
= 180 : t% 8. S = 180 m : +,*- . S =
2
: t,X.
2 2
2
6 x - 3 x- 360 = 0 : 'G 6 x - 3 x = 360
2
: :<=
2 x 2 - x - 120 = 0 : -5V 3 9 8 4 2B +F
= (-1)2 - 4(2)(-120) = 961 : 'G = b2 - 4ac : +,*-
: $*b*+ 6X $% 3 4 H+E t% 8 . >0
-b- 1 - 961 15
x1 = = = ( Z) OX )
2a 2× 2 2

-b+ 1 + 961
x2 = = = 8 .
2a 2× 2
. x= 8 : t% 8.

: 21

: M 4%E\. $%%ED
AM 2 = AB 2 + BM 2 : +,*- ABM >?+B *
AM 2 = 9 + ( BC – MC ) 2 : t,X.
AM 2 = 9 + ( 5 – MC ) 2 : :<=

34

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 DM 2 = DC 2 + MC 2 : +,*- DCM >?+B .*
DM 2 = 16 + MC 2 : t,X.
AM 2 = DM 2 : :+; <= 7B . <= AM = DM :)"*
9 + ( 5 – MC ) 2 = 16 + MC 2 : :G ,E* …J.
18
MC = : t,X. 9 + 25 – 10MC + MC 2 = 16 + MC 2 : 'G
10

. MB = 3,2 Cm : 'G MB = 5 – 1,8 : t% 8. . MC = 1,8 Cm : 'G

: 22

: 'OC5 !T ( 1
. x<y +6 +F . t )^ y . !%q62 ZO8 x ZOvV
2 ( x + y ) = 10 —. x y = 6 : :)"%
x+y =5 —. xy = 6 : :<=
y= 5–x —. xy=6 : t% 8.
y=5–x —. x ( 5- x) =6 : t,X.

4%V+ 4‚A- $X 4 H+EX J . x2 + 5 x - 6 = 0 : :<=

= b 2 - 4ac = 52 - 4 (-1)(-6) = 1 : +,*-

-b + - 5 +1 -b - - 5 -1
x2 = = =2 —. x1 = = =3 :+ J $% 3 4 H+E t,X.
2a 2 (-1) 2a 2 (-1)

( x < y :[ Z) OX ) y= 2 : :+ x= 3 +
y= 3 : :+ x = 2 +
. 2 Cm t\O8 —. 3 Cm t )^ %3 !%q62X -‚)* t,X.

35

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 : V+%C !T ( 2
x +y=5 . x y = 6 : +,*-
6
x < y : %3 y=5 -x —. y= : t,X.
x
6
g (x) = 5 - x —. f (x) = : * + ; $%6 OE $%6 - g , f $"6
x
Ÿ+C6F ¦)P+T .G 4%V+%C 4CP+T ]+ E6P+F g , f $%6 - $% (c) . ( ) $%V+%C K+#VWF d)BV
: 4% +6 Y )qM
. M \+*A 9 = T FH™ $X ½, !*)T6 (1) 42 ! E62V / 1
. (2) ½, O*OTD 43) $%6 - cA+C8 16"V / 2
. $*-EC ?+,ˆ > EX $%6 - !% 6 (3) 42 ! E62V / 3
: +6 >PO 4T\)X 4BF+2 Y )qM

( 1)

(3)

(2)

. (4) 42 ]+ E6P+F …J . y >%@ ˜ …; . x >%@ . Y -3) 7CNV / 4

$X 4qBV 'G Y+%ˆ -3= qED 6 (6) 43) OU_V " (5) 42 ! E62V / 5
. y ! * Vert . x ! * Horz %3 > E
: +6 >PO : OU_D :+DO%’[ :+D)qM
36

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 ( ) (5)

(c)

(6)

( )
(4)

: >U2 +F !"# +U% = A+# M1 ( 3 , 2 ) : :+6qB, + J (c) . ( ) ƒ^+BD 6qBV

1*OB6 +F +UD+%ˆ -3= OU_D 6 4qB, J. : >U2 +F !"# +U% = A+# M2 ( 2 , 3 ) —.
y=3 . x = 2 : t,X. y 2,9727 n x 2,0284 : :<= (6) 43)
: 4% +6 Y )qM Ÿ+CD+F y = (6 / x ) (5 x ) !% 6 4%V+%C 4CP+T ]+ E6P $" *
( 6 / x) ( 5 x ) cA+CE 16"V . Ab ! E62V /1
Ab ! E62V /2
>%B ]+5X 7CN

Ab ! E62V /3
3 . 2 J x >%@ Ž3LV . ,T, OU_%

. 2 Cm t\O8 —. 3 Cm t )^ %3 !%q62X -‚)* :<=

37

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 : 23

( U1 ) ; ( U 2 ) ; ( U 3 ) 4%V+%C YL% 6 š#,V 4%V+%F 4 ™ ]+ E6P+F

; h(x)=x +3 ; f ( x ) = x2 - x : %3 1%DO6 9 8 f , g , h ] .-
4
. cA)o )J + ; +U% = O%#D 6 d+@A[ 1%DOD Ÿ+C6F A A([ 9 8 7¥NV . g ( x ) =
x

9 8 OU_* 17 >@O +F t% = A+# Ab

: * +X 4r+#
]+5X 7CN …J .
y . x >%@ 17
18
1

13 2
7 5
10
6
14

3 12
11 4

16 9
8
15

OU_* 18 >@O +F t% = A+# Ab

: * +X 4r+# 9 8

38

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 : +6 >PO +F cA)o ²%\)D $" *

( U1 )

( U3 ) ( U2 )

y = 2 : t6 H+EX >%B62X ( ) – f ( x ) = - 2 : 4 H+E +%V+%F !3 *

. ]) 3 4 H+E ª% t% 8. ( U1 ) ! ( ) = : :G +%V+%F Ž3LV

f ( x ) > - 2 : 4T‚ O6 +%V+%F !3 *

: J 4T‚ O6 ]) 3 48) 5X t% 8. ( ) >%B62 Á) ƒB* ( U1 ) 9,T, :G Ž3LV :+%F
4
x + 3 : 4T‚ O6 F+2T !T *
x
x 2 - 3x + 4 4 - x 2 - 3x 4
0 : t,X. 0 : 'G - ( x + 3 ) 0 : :G ,E* …J.
x x x

x2 - 3x + 4 : cA+CE ! TV ¢
= b2 - 4ac = 9 - 4( - 1 ) ( 4 ) = 25 : +,*-
3-5 3+5
x1 = =1 ; x2 = = - 4 : t,X.
-2 -2

39

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 : 4X+J 4_3LX
a + c = - b 4 +3 a x2 + b x + c = 0 4 H+E
c
. . 1 : + J $% 3 !CBD
a

- x2 - 3x + 4 = - ( x - 1) ( x + 4 ) : :<=
( x 1)( x + 4)
0 : ²CoD 4T‚ O6 t% 8.
x
: cA+r© ].-‚
x -# -4 0 1 +#
-(x–1) + + + -
x+4 - + + +
x - - + +
-(x–1)(x+4) - + + -
( x -1 ) ( x + 4 ) + - + -
x

E1 = [ - 4 , 0 [ U [ 1, + # [ : 4T‚ O6 ]) 3 t% 8.
4
g ( x ) h ( x ) : 'G x+3 : 4T‚ O6 V+%C !T *
x
. (U 3 ) . (U 2 ) ,T, 4%E\. H+5*= 9 = ].Â* …J .
: $¢% +5 $X !; (U 3 ) zTD ƒB* (U 2 ) : :G Ž3LV V+%C ]L’ $X
. g ( x ) < h ( x ) t% 8. ] 1 , + # [ . ] - 4 , 0 [
48) 5X 8. 1 n - 4 + U6 •+ $%6 $%6qB, (U 3 ) ƒqB* (U 2 ) ˜ …;
E1 = [ - 4 , 0 [ U [ 1 , + # [ : J g ( x ) f ( x ) 4T‚ O6 ]) 3

x + 3 x 2 - x : 4T‚ O6 F+2T !T *
- x 2 + 2 x + 3 0 : 'G x + 3 - x 2 + x 0 : :G ,E* …J.

= 4 + 12 = 16 : +,*-

40

www.mathonec.com
 -2-4 -2+4
x1 = =3 ; x2 = = - 1 : t,X .
-2 -2
: 4X+J 4_3LX
a + c = b 4 +3 a x2 + b x + c = 0 4 H+E
c
. . - 1 : + J $% 3 !CBD
a

- x 2 + 2x + 3 = - ( x - 3 ) ( x + 1 ) : t% 8.

- ( x - 3 ) ( x + 1 ) 0 : ²CoD 4T‚ O6 .

x # -1 3 +#
-(x–3) + + -
x+1 - + +
-(x–3)(x+1) - + -
: cA+r© ].-‚

E 2 = [ - 1 , 3 ] : J 4T‚ O6 ]) 3 48) 5X t% 8.

h(x) f (x) : 'G x + 3 x 2 - x : 4T‚ O6 V+%C !T *

. (U 3 ) . (U1 ) $X !" 4%E\) 4P AH 9 = ].Â* …J.
] - 1 , 3 [ ]+5 (U1 ) Á) ƒqB* (U 3 ) :G Ž3LV V+%C ]L’ $X
– 1 n 3 $%6 •+v Y < $%6qB, -,8 tEqB*.
E 2 = [ - 1 , 3 ] : J 4T‚ O6 ]) 3 48) 5X t% 8.

41

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 : 24

:f 4 - V+%C !% 6

-
2

. -5, y = -1 , y = 1 , y = 0 : +UD•H+EX 6 Y+ %B62 >POV

,0, : J ]) 3 4ˆLˆ f (x) = 0 4 H+E (1
: )J u8+NX !3 f (x) = 1 4 H+E (2
2
: )J u8+NX !3 f (x) = -1 4 H+E (3
2

: Y+T‚ O6 ]) 3 ´+6,6P -
. [0 , ] ]+5 9 = 6,D 6 x >%@ J f (x) 0 4T‚ O6 ]) 3 (1
. ]) 3 +U ª% f (x) f 1 4T‚ O6 ]) 3 (2

)J -%3. !3 4T‚ O6 : f (x) 1 4T‚ O6 ]) 3 (3

2
1
f (x) = 4 H+E ]) 3 H-8 -
2

42

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 1
: %3 x1 , x 2 + U6 •+ $%6qBV (c) ƒqB% y = : t6 H+EX '… ( ) >%B62 >POV
2
5
x1 2,617 , x2 0,523 : :<= x1 = , x2 =
6 6
{x1 , x 2 } : J 4T‚ O6 ]) 3 48) 5X t,X.

: 25

J
: c-3 . 4X+B6P 9 8 O , I , J : :G Y+Cˆ=
D C : +,*- ABC
O . [ AB ] uo6,X I . [ AC ] uo6,X O
1 1
A B ( 1 ) . . . OI = BC : 'G OI = CB : t% 8.
I 2 2

OJ = OC + OD : t% 8. ŸL\[ '( )6X OCJD 8+FO *

OJ = BO + OC : 'G OJ = OC + BO : t,X.
-1
OI = OJ : ”6,* (2) . (1) $X +6 +F. ( 2 ) . . . OJ = BC : 'G
2

. c-3 . 4X+B6P 9 8 O , I , J :G ”6,62V. OI // OJ t% 8.

: 26

ur uuur uuur uuur

: zF+ˆ Ÿ+Er V = NA - 2 NB + NC : :G $%CV - 1
ur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
A V = NA - 2( NA + AB ) + NA + AC s s: +,*-s
B uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
= NA - 2 NA - 2 AB + NA + sAC s
ur uuur uuur
. zF+ˆ Ÿ+Er )J . V = - 2 AB + AC : t,X .
C uuur ur
O
. AO = V : %3 O 4qB, K+#V= - 2
s
43 s s

www.mathonec.com
 : 27
ur ur
: ')62 + EX (O , U , V ) :G Y+Cˆ= - 1
ur r ur r ur 2 s ur 4s s
U 0 ; V 0 : t,X. U ; V : +,*-
3 1
(-2)(-1) – 3 (4) = 2 – 12 = - 10 : -5V '( )6 ÃOr $X
ur ur ur ur
. ')62 +P+PG ( U , V ) : +6 +F . V '( )* • U ss : t,X.
ur ur
. ')62 + EX (O , U , V ) : t% 8 .
: x , y 4 •-F x' , y' 4F+6; - 2
s
uuur ur ur uuur r r
ON = x' U + y' V —. (1) . . . ON = x si + ysj :s +,*-
uuur r r r r
ON = x'( -2 i + 3 j ) + y' ( 4 i - j ) :s t,X.
s
uuur r r
(2) . . . ON = ( -2 x' + 4 y' ) i + ( 3 x' - y' ) j : 'G
' x = - 2 x' + 4 y' ' x = - 2 x' + 4 y'
( : 'G ( : -5V (2) . (1) $X
) y' = 3 x' - y ) y = 3 x' - y'
x + 4 y = 10 x' : 'G x = - 2 x' + 4 ( 3 x' - y ) : -5V Ä*)E6 +F .
3 1 1 2
. y' = x+ y : t,X. x' = x+ y : :<=
10 5 10 5
: $% E Y+%ˆ -3© ªvV +U 7BV H)‚. $8 TC - 3
'9 2 ' 1 2
x - y=0 ** x = x+ y
** 10 5 10 5 ' x = x'
( : 'G ( : t,X . ( : ZOvV
-3
* x+ y=0 4 *y = 3 1
x+ y ) y = y'
*)10 5 *) 10 5
'9x-4y=0
4 H+E ƒX ƒ 5 . 3 4%V+ 4 H+E O^ ¦ONF ( : :G ,E* …J.
)-3 x + 8 y = 0
( x , y ) = ( 0 , 0 ) : t,X. 20 y = 0 : -5V ¸Oq + O^ 9 .[
. O ( 0 , 0 ) : J $% E Y+%ˆ -3© ªvV +U 6 c-%3) 4qB, :<=
44

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 : 28

: :+*( )6X ( D ) —. ( ) :)"* %TF m $%%ED ¢ 1

m(7m - 5 ) - (m - 1)(m + 1) = 0 : -5V '( )6 ÃOr 123
6 m2 - 5 m + 1 = 0 : 'G 7m2 - 5m - m2 + 1 = 0 : 'G
m1 , m 2 $*b*+ 6X $% 3 4 H+E t,X. =(-5)2 - 4 ×6 × 1 = 1 : +,*-
5 -1 1 5 +1 1
m1 = = , m2 = = : %3
2× 6 3 2×6 2
'1 1-
. ( , , : J m >%@ 48) 5X t,X .
)3 2+

: ( D ) —. ( ) ƒ^+BD 4#@+,X ¢ 2
' m x + ( m -1 ) y - 2 = 0
( : 4 5 !3 «@+,V 'G
)( m + 1 ) x + ( 7 m - 5 ) y + 3 = 0
m m-1
d= = m(7m-5) - (m + 1)(m-1) : +,*-
m + 1 7m-5
1 1
: +6 +F . , -,8 d-E,* ºCP + X. d = 6 m 2 - 5 m + 1 : t,X .
3 2
' x-2y-6=0 1
( : 16"D 4 5 : m= + *
)4x - 8 y + 9 = 0 3
…J . 0 = 33 : -5V 4%V+ ƒX ƒ 5 . 4 - 9 .[ 4 H+E ¦ONF.
. :Lov,X ( D ) —. ( ) : +6 +F . !3 +U ª% 4 5 :<= !%T62X
' x- y-4=0
( : 16"D 4 5 m = 1 + *
)3x - 3 y + 6 = 0 2

…J . 0 = 18 : -5V 4%V+ ƒX ƒ 5 . 3 - 9 .[ 4 H+E ¦ONF.

. :Lov,X ( D ) —. ( ) : +6 +F . !3 +U ª% 4 5 :<= !%T62X
1 1
: %3 (x , y) -%3. !3 +U 4 5 :W m . m + *
2 3

45

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 -2 m m-1 -2
3 m +1 -5m-2 7m-5 3 17m-13
y= = – x= = 2
d 6m 2 -5m + 1 d 6m -5m + 1
17m -13 - 5m - 2
L , : %3 ( ) ! (D) = {L} : +6 +F.
6m2 - 5m + 1 6m2 - 5m + 1

: 29

Å(5 Å(4 Å(3 Æ(2 Å(1

Å ( 10 Æ(9 Å(8 Å(7 Æ(6

: 30

a
f (x) = : +,*-
x
. D = ]-# , 0 [ U ]0 , +#[ : u*OE6 48) 5X (1
f (1) = 3 : %TF a $%%ED (2
3 a
. f (x) = : +6 +F . a = 3 : t,X. f (1) = = a : +,*-
x 1
: Y O%¥6 4P AH (3
: +,*- x1 x 2 —. x1 D , x 2 D : !‚G $X
3 3 3x 2 + 3x 1
f (x 1 ) f (x 2 ) x 1 x 2 x1 × x 2 3
.= = = =
x1 x 2 x1 x 2 x1 x 2 x1 × x 2

46

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 . +X+ D c-* b6X f t,X . . > 0 : x 2 > 0 —. x1 > 0 +
. +X+ D c-* b6X f t,X . . > 0 : x 2 < 0 —. x1 < 0 +

: Y O%¥6 ].-‚
X - # 0 + #

f(x)

1 -1
f(-1) = 3 ; f(- 6 ) = ; f(1) = - 3 ; f(3) = - 1 ; f(6) = : ¦+2T ( 4
2 2
: :+%C K+#V= (5

O i

47

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 : 31

: J EFGH . ABCD $% %q62 $X !; 43+2X -(1

. A1 = 48 Cm2 : 'G A1 = 8 Cm×6 Cm
: J BFGC . ADHE $% %q62 $X !; 43+2X -
. A2 = 18 5 Cm2 : 'G A2 = 6 Cm × 3 5 Cm

: J DCGH . ABFE : $% %q62 $X !; 43+2X -

. A3 = 24 5 Cm2 : 'G A3 = 8 Cm × 3 5 Cm

A = 2 A1 + 2 A2 + 2 A3 : J !"# 4%CV+5 43+2 -

( ) (
A= 2( 48) + 2 18 5 + 2 24 5 Cm2 : 'G )
A= 96 + 36 5 + 48 5 Cm 2 = 96 + 84 5 Cm 2 ( ) : t,X.

. A 283,829 Cm 2 : :<=

(
V = 8 × 6 × 3 5 Cm3 ) : )J !"# >53 (2
. V 321,993 Cm3 : :<= V = 144 5 ( ) Cm3 : 'G

: AF ¦+23 - (3
AF2 = AB2 + BF2 : +,*- B >?+B ABF ¢

( )
2
. AF 10,440 Cm : :<= AF2 = /82 + 3 5 0 Cm 2 = 109 Cm 2 : 'G
: )J AFGD 8+FO 7%TX -
. p 32,88 Cm : :<= p = 2 ( AF + FG ) = 2 (10,44 +6 ) Cm

48

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 : 32

V1 = ( 2,55 Cm )3 : 'G V1 = ( 2,55 Cm )3 : )J 1E" >53 -

. V1 = 16,58 Cm3 : :<=
2,55 × 2,55 × 3,78
. V2 = 8,19 Cm3 : t,X . V2 = Cm3 : )J dOU >53 -
3

V = V1 + V2 : )J !"# >53 -
. V = 24,77 Cm3 : t,X. V= ( 16,58 + 8,19 ) Cm3 : 'G

: 33

. (A C) 9 8 'H) 8 (A B) t% 8. . A >?+@ ABC

Y+ %B62X !; 9 8 'H) 8 (DC) :W t% 8. (A B C) ')62 9 8 'H) 8 (DC) >%B62
. (A C) 9 8 'H) 8 (D C) +6 +F. ')62 …J
D
$% %B62 $X !; 9 8 'H) 8 (A B) >%B62 :G + F
: :W (A D C) ')62 $X (D C) . (A C)
A C
. (A D C) ')62 9 8 'H) 8 (A B)
B

49

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 : 34

c-8+@ '( )* '… ( ) ')62 9= 6,D E , F , G , H 7B, :G + F

. +N*G dOJ )J SEFGH : :W SABCD dOU
. FE , GF : 12TV +,VW dOU …J >53 ¦+2T
SE SF FE
= = : +,*- SCD ¢
SD SC CD
20 × 1 1 SF FE
. FE = = 10 Cm : t,X. = = : t% 8.
2 2 SC 20
SG GF SF
= = : +,*- SBC ¢
SB BC SC
30 × 1 SG GF 1
. GF = = 15 Cm : t,X. = = : t% 8.
2 SB 30 2

SEFGH dOU Ÿ+vDA SO ' —. SABCD dOU Ÿ+vDA SO : $"%

SO' 1 SO' SF
= : t% 8. = : SOC ¢ +,*-
SO 2 SO SC
. SO' = 25 Cm : t,X.
: SEFGH dOU >53
1
. V1 = 1250 Cm3 : 'G V1 = × 15 × 10 × 25 : +,*-
3
S : SABCD dOU >53
1
V2 = × 30 × 20 × 50 : +,*-
H 3
O' E
G
F
. V2 = 10 000 Cm3 : 'G
A D
O : $%XOU $%F A)oT Kb5 >53
B l = 20 Cm
L =30 Cm
C . V3 = V2 - V1 = 8750 Cm3
50

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 : 35
. ( BC ) )J T 2 9 = T 1 ])T* '… !*)T6 O±+,D A)TX ( 1
. AB )J T 3 9 = T 1 ])T* '… ¦+T2V• Ÿ+Er ( 2
. [ CD ] uo6,X O 4qB, )J T 4 9 = T 2 ])T* '… O±+,6 b;OX ( 3

. : J : A.- 4*. ( ( 4
3

: 36

42*+B6X +J+* .( :W ŸL\[ 42*+B6X AOA ' , BOB' , COC' Y+ :G + F

. 60 ° '.+2* +U,X !;.
. t6*. (. O |b;OX '… r : A.- +F A cA)• J A' 4qB,
3
. r : A.- +F B cA)• J B' 4qB,
. r : A.- +F C cA)• J C' 4qB,
. r : A.- ªv,F A , B , C 7B, A)• J A' , B' , C' 7B, t% 8.
. c-3 . 4X+B6P 9 8 A' , B' , C' :W c-3 . 4X+B6P 9 8 A , B , C :G + F.

: 37

. OE = OF —. OC = OD . OA = OB : +,*-
. O |b;OX '… O±+,6 +F A , D , E 7B, A)• J B , C , F t% 8.
. CFB t2*+B* '… J AED cA)• t,X.
. CFB 43+2X ª*+BD AED 43+2X : t% 8.

51

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 E
C

A B
O

D
F

: 38

. S 4qP )F D cA)• J B . O |b;OX '… O±+,6 S $"%

. 1%DO6 9 8 D , B :L #*. :+*( )6X ( ) , ( ') :+ %B62
( )
( ')
. S 4qP )F ( ) cA)• )J ( ') t% 8.
D C
. S 4qP )F ( AC ) cA)• )J ( AC ) ˜ …;.

N
M :+E^+B¢6¢* ( AC ) . ( ) :+ %B62
O
.N :+E^+B¢6¢* ( AC ) . ( ') :+ %B62 .
M
A B . N J S 4qP )F M cA)• t% 8.
. [ MN ] uo6,X O : t% 8. OM = ON : :<=

: 39

?+o3© ].-5 (1
] )^[
180 175 170 165 160 155 150 140
Cm
3 5 4 3 12 5 4 4 A O"6
OD )6
0,075 0,125 0,1 0,075 0,3 0,125 0,1 0,1

52

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 A O"6
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

140 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 ])q

: F+2T 7P)6 - (3
140 × 4 + 150 × 4 + 155 × 5 + 160 ×12 + 165 × 3 + 170 × 4 + 175 × 5 + 180 × 3
x=
40
. x = 161,25 : t,X.

a n + a n +1
n Med = 2 2
= 40 : t% 8. n = 40 : +,*- – : 7%P) -
2 2

. 170 : )J. 21 t6CDA '… -T )J a n2 +1 . 170 : )J. 20 t6CDA '… -T )J a n2

. Med = 170 : :<=

Mod = 170 : ] ), -
53

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 . E = 40 : t,X . E = 180 – 140 : ¬- -

: 40

: ?+o3© ].-5 ( 1
[80;100 [ [60;80[ [ 40; 60[ Y+sv
7 11 10 A O"6
0,14 0,22 0,2 OD )6
90 70 50 Y+sv b; OX

[14 0 ;16 0 [ [120 ;140[ [100 ;120[ Y+sv

6 14 2 A O"6
0,12 0,28 0,04 OD )6
150 130 110 Y+sv b; OX

: 'A O"6 ´A- 4qP )F !% 6 (2

A O"6
14

11
10

7
6

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Y+s¢v

: F+2T 7P)6 - (3
54

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 50 × 10 + 70 × 11 + 90 × 7 + 110 × 14 + 150 × 16
x=
100
500 + 770 + 630 + 220 + 1820 + 900 4840
. x = 96,8 : :<= x = = : t,X.
100 50

n
s
Med = a i + 2 × hi : 7%P) -
Ei
n
: t% 8. [80 ;100[ : J 4%q%P) 4sv t,X. = 25 : t% 8. n =50 : +,*-
2
S = 21 , h i = 20 , E i = 7 , a i = 80
25 21
. Med = 91, 42 : 'G Med = 80 + × 20 : t,X.
7

D1
Mod = a i + × h i : ] ), -
D1 + D2

hi = 140 - 120 = 20 , ai = 120 : t¢%¢ 8 . [120 ;140[ : 4¢s¢v ¢J 4% ), 4¢sv

D2 = 14 - 6 = 8 , D1 = 14 - 2 = 12
12
. Mod = 132 : t,X. Mod = 120 + × 20 : t¢¢,X.
12 + 8
. E = 12 : t,X . E = 160 – 140 : ¬-¢ -

: 41

1 1T¢2 B J V
A O"6 15 12 3
O¢D )¢6 0,5 0,4 0,1
2 1T2¢ B J V
A O"6 9 15 6
55

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 O¢D )¢6 0,3 0,5 0,2

: V+%¢C !%¢ ¢ ¢6
OD )6

0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1

B J V 1T2

: 42

O¢¢D )¢6 t¢‚.[ H-¢8

0,58 58 P
0,42 42 F

: ¢V+%C K+#V© -
OD )6

0,58

0,42

P F

56

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 57

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