MOMENTU

M AND
IMPULSE
OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe the relationship between mass, velocity and momentum.
2. Explain how force and time of impact affect the momentum.
3. Express momentum and impulse mathematically.
4. State the Law of Conservation of Momentum.
5. Differentiate elastic and inelastic collisions.
6. Solve collision problems by applying the law of conservation of
momentum
MOMENTUM
• is a measurement of mass in motion
• It is the product of mass and velocity.

p = mv
Why do we move our hand backwards while
catching the ball?
What is the relationship between force and
momentum?
IMPULSE
• a term that quantifies the overall effect of a force acting
over time

J = F. t
IMPULSE – MOMENTUM
THEOREM
• states that the impulse applied to an object will be equal
to the change in its momentum.

F. t = p
A car is running at a speed of 80 km/h when a cow
suddenly appears in the middle of the road. To avoid
running over the cow, the driver has two options
either he bumps his car at a concrete road or at a
haystack. Which of these should he do to minimize
damage to his car? Explain.
Suppose you have a choice between catching a 0.50-
kg ball moving at 4.0 m/s or a 0.10-kg ball moving at
20 m/s? Which will be easier to catch?
 LAW OF
CONSERVATI
ON OF
MOMENTUM
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
• It states that in the absence of net external force the
total momentum of a system remains constant.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
TYPES OF COLLISION
 ELASTIC COLLISION

 the two objects bounce after the collision, and they

move separately.
KE(before) = KE(after)
TYPES OF COLLISION
 INELASTIC COLLISION
 The two objects deform during collision, and the total
kinetic energy decreases, but the objects move separately after
the collision.
TYPES OF COLLISION
 PERFECTLY INELASTIC COLLISION
--- The two objects stick together and move with a common
velocity after the collision. Both objects are deformed.

m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) v2’

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
• A 0.02 kg ball moving to the right at 25 m/s makes an
elastic head-on-collision with a 0.04 kg ball moving to the
left at 0.15 m/s. After the collision, the smaller ball moves
to the left at 0.16 m/s. What is the velocity of the 0.04 kg
ball after collision?
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
• A metal ball A with a mass of 0.20 kg moving to the right
at 3.0 m/s collides with a stationary metal ball B of mass
0.10 kg. After the collision, ball A continues to move on
its original direction at a speed of 2.0 m/s. What is the
speed of ball B after the collision?