Part-4-General English Set 3

Junior Associates 2022-2023: Pre-Examination Training for SC/ST/ESM and Religious Minority Community Candidates: General
English - Set 3
S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation
Directions (Q1-10): Read the following passage and answer the following questions based on the given passage.
It was once believed that the brain was independent of metabolic processes occurring elsewhere in the body. In recent studies,
however, we have discovered that the production and release of the neurotransmitter serotonin (neurotransmitters are compounds that
neurons use to transmit signals to other cells) in brain neurons depend directly on the food that the body processes.
Our first studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acid
tryptophan might also occur after rats ate meals that change tryptophan levels in the blood. We found that, immediately after the rats
began to eat, parallel elevations occurred in blood tryptophan, brain tryptophan, and brain serotonin levels. These findings suggested
that the production and release of serotonin in brain neurons were normally coupled with blood-tryptophan increases. In later studies
we found that injecting insulin into a rat’s bloodstream also caused parallel elevations in blood and brain tryptophan levels and in
serotonin levels. We then decided to see whether the secretion of the animal’s own insulin similarly affected serotonin production. We
gave the rats a carbohydrate-containing meal that we knew would elicit insulin secretion. As we had hypothesized, the blood
tryptophan level and the concentrations of tryptophan serotonin in the brain increased after the meal.
Surprisingly, however, when we added a large amount of protein to the meal, brain tryptophan and serotonin levels fell. Since protein
contains tryptophan, why should it depress brain tryptophan levels? The answer lies in the mechanism that provides blood tryptophan
to the brain cells. This same mechanism also provides the brain cells with other amino acids found in protein, such as tyrosine and
Leucine. The consumption of protein increases blood concentration of the other amino acids much more, proportionately, than that of
tryptophan. The more protein in the meal, the lower is the ratio of the resulting blood-tryptophan concentration to the concentration of
competing amino acids, and the more slowly is tryptophan provided to the brain. Thus the more protein in a meal, the less serotonin
subsequently produced and released.
Page 1 of 25
English - Set 3
1 Which of the following Diet and Production and The Effects of The Blood None of C As the passage broadly
titles best summarizes Survival: An release of Food Intake Supply and the these discusses about the
the contents of the Old Serotonin on the Brain: A recent finding based on
passage? Relationship Production Reciprocal the experiments done to
Re-examined and Release Dependence know about the effects of
of Serotonin: food take on production
Some Recent and release of serotonin.
Findings Hence, Option C is
correct.
2 According to the amount of concentration The rats’ concentration of None of A Third paragraph shows
passage, the speed with protein of tryptophan in brain serotonin in the these that " the more protein in
which tryptophan is present in a the brain before serotonin brain before a the meal, the lower is the
provided to the brain meal a meal levels would meal ratio of the resulting blood-
cells of a rat varies with not decrease. tryptophan concentration
the ". Hence, Option A is
correct.
Page 2 of 25
English - Set 3
3 According to the serotonin serotonin levels tryptophan they would None of A Second paragraph
passage, when the levels increased after levels in the eventually need these mentions that "the
authors began their first increased rats were blood were to design increase in serotonin
studies, they were aware after rats injected with a difficult to experiments that observed in rats given a
that were fed large amount of monitor with involved feeding large injection of the
meals rich in tryptophan accuracy rats high amino acid tryptophan
tryptophan concentrations might also occur after rats
of protein ate meals that change
tryptophan levels in the
blood".Hence, Option A is
correct.
4 According to the cause the demonstrate prevent the depress the None of A Second paragraphs tells "
passage, one reason rats to that insulin is rats from rats’ tryptophan these We gave the rats a
that the authors gave produce the most contracting levels carbohydrate-containing
carbohydrates to rats insulin important diseases meal that we knew would
was to substance elicit insulin secretion".
secreted by the Hence, Option A is
body correct.
Page 3 of 25
English - Set 3
5 According to the ratio of the ratio of the rat’s number of ratio of the rat’s None of D Third paragraph clearly
passage, the more rat’s blood- blood-tyrosine neurotransmit blood- these shows that the more
protein a rat consumes, tryptophan concentration ters of any tryptophan protein in the meal, the
the lower will be the concentratio to its blood- kind that the concentration to lower is the ratio of the
n to the leucine rat will the resulting blood-tryptophan
amount of concentration produce and concentration in concentration to the
serotonin release its blood of the concentration of
produced other amino competing amino
and released acids contained acids.Hence, Option D is
in the rat’s in the protein correct.
brain
6 The authors’ discussion provide help explain summarize stimulate further None of B Third paragraph shows
of the “mechanism that supporting why a particular an area of research studies these that how brain tryptophan
provides blood evidence for research scientific levels fell even after
tryptophan to the brain a finding was investigation adding large amount of
cells” is meant to controversial obtained protein to the meal.
scientific Hence, Option B is
theory correct.
7 According to the tyrosine tryptophan blood leucine None of B The second paragraph
passage, an injection of these clearly shows that the
insulin was most similar injection of insulin had the
in its effect on rats to an similar effect as that of
injection of tryptophan in rats.
Page 4 of 25
English - Set 3
8 It can be inferred from Meals that Meals Meals that Meals consisting None of B As we can infer from the
the passage that which had very low consisting would elicit almost these passage that the more
of the following would be concentratio almost insulin exclusively of protein is there in a meal,
LEAST likely to be a ns of exclusively of secretion carbohydrates the less serotonin is
potential source of aid to tyrosine protein produced and released.
a patient who was not Hence, Option B is
adequately producing correct.
and releasing
serotonin?
Page 5 of 25
English - Set 3
9 Which of the following Only (i) Only (ii) Only (iii) Both (i) and (ii) Both (ii) E As we can infer from the
statement(s) is/are true and (iii) third paragraph of the
according to the passage, high levels of
passage? (i)The more protein in a meal
protein in the meal, the decreases the
more is the ratio of the concentration of serotonin
resulting blood- whereas carbohydrates
tryptophan concentration increases the serotonin
to the concentration of level in blood. Hence,
tyrosine Option ( E) is correct.
(ii)the more protein in a
meal, the less serotonin
is produced and
released in blood
(iii)the more
carbohydrates in a meal,
the more serotonin is
produced and released
in blood
Page 6 of 25
English - Set 3
10 It can be inferred from The rats’ The rats’ The rats The rats’ brain None of D Third paragraph mentions
the passage that the brain tyrosine levels would serotonin levels these "Surprisingly, however,
authors initially held tryptophan would increase produce more would not when we added a large
which of the following levels would less quickly insulin. decrease. amount of protein to the
hypotheses about what decrease than would their meal, brain tryptophan
would happen when they leucine levels. and serotonin levels
fed large amounts of fell"As it was not expected
protein to rats? that the serotonin levels
will fall after protein was
added to the meal. Hence,
Option D is correct.
Page 7 of 25
English - Set 3
Directions (Q11-15): Read the following passage and answer the following questions based on the given passage.
Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of
Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have
benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one
would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is
not the case; Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher
levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.
Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to
a different conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in
the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the
amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States.
Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity. A more fruitful explanation
may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more
effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States
automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to fully utilize expensive, component-specific equipment and to
fully occupy workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot
production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could
be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. Automakers could schedule the
production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra
components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.
Page 8 of 25
English - Set 3
11 According to the Their Their high They operate They are trained None of D Third Paragraph clearly
passage, which of the productivity efficiency levels component- to do more than these shows that Japanese
following statement is levels did not are a direct specific one job. automakers chose to train
true of Japanese equal those result of cultural machinery. workers in multiple jobs..
automobile workers? of United influences.
States
automobile
workers until
the late
seventies.
Page 9 of 25
English - Set 3
12 Which of the following A thesis is A thesis is A theory is A fact is stated, None of D First paragraph states…"
best describes the presented presented and proposed, and an these Some observers of Japan
organization of the first and supporting considered, explanation is have assumed that
paragraph? supporting examples are and then advanced and Japanese firms use the
examples not provided amended. then refuted same manufacturing
are provided equipment and techniques
as United States firms but
have benefited from the
unique characteristics of
Japanese employees and
the Japanese culture.
However, if this were true,
then one would expect
Japanese auto plants in
the United States to
perform no better than
factories run by United
States companies. This is
not the case". Hence,
Option D is correct.
Page 10 of 25
English - Set 3
13 It can be inferred from The need to The need to The need to The need to None of A Third Paragraph shows
the passage that one store extra manufacture manufacture alter these "thereby eliminating the
problem associated with components non- flexible flexible conventional need to store the buffer
the production of huge not required machinery and machinery mass-production stocks of extra
lots of cars is which of for equipment and processes components that result
the following? immediate equipment when specialized
use equipment and workers
are kept constantly
active." Hence, Option A
is correct.
14 Which of the following Japanese Japanese The Capital Japanese None of A The difference in
statements is supported and United automakers Investment by automakers these approaches of Japanese
by information stated in States have perfected the Japanese invest more and US automakers is
the passage? automakers the use of firms was not capital per clearly shown in the third
differ in their single-function comparable to employee than paragraph. Hence, Option
approach to equipment that of United do United States A is correct.
production States firms automakers.
processes.
Page 11 of 25
English - Set 3
15 With which of the The Japanese United States Japanese None of E None of the statements is
following predictive efficiency automakers automakers automakers will these correct as per the
statement regarding levels of the productivity will originate hire fewer passage.
Japanese automakers Japanese levels double new workers than
would the author most automakers during the late production United States
likely agree? will not 1990’s. processes automakers
decline even before because each
if they Japanese worker is
become less automakers required to
flexible in do. perform several
their jobs.
approach to
production.
Page 12 of 25
English - Set 3
Directions (Q16-20): Given sentences are not in their exact position. Rearrange them to make a coherent paragraph and then answer
the questions given below.
A.The Union Health Ministry has constituted a technical committee to advise the Government on its future course of action against
the company.
B.This was after some of the cold-and-cough syrup it manufactured and exported to The Gambia were marked out by the World
Health Organization (WHO) as being linked to the deaths of 66 children there.
C.The concoctions were apparently contaminated with diethylene glycol (DEG) and ethylene glycol that may have caused acute
kidney failure.
D.
India’s apex drug regulator, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), has barred Haryana-based Maiden
Pharmaceuticals Limited from manufacturing medicinal drugs.
E.The Indian government has said that a full report from WHO, establishing a clear, causal link is awaited.
16 Which of the following A B C D E E From all these sentences,

should be the FOURTH only Sentence D can be
sentence after an introductory sentence
rearrangement? as the others include
some reference to the
other sentence.
17 Which of the following A B C D E C Sentence B should follow
should be the THIRD Sentence D as it
sentence after elaborates upon the ban
rearrangement? imposed. Sentence C
then further explains and
establishes the reason for
Page 13 of 25 it.
English - Set 3
18 Which of the following A B C D E D Sentence E also

should be the FIRST elaborates on the
sentence after cause/reason. Finally,
rearrangement? Sentence A discusses on
the further action to be
taken. Hence, the logical
sequence is DBCEA.
19 Which of the following A B C D E A

should be the
FIFTH(LAST) sentence
after rearrangement?
20 Which of the following A B C D E B

should be the SECOND
sentence after
rearrangement?
Page 14 of 25
English - Set 3
Directions (Q21-25): Read each sentence to find out if there is any error in it. The error, if any will be in one part of the
sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (E).
21 When it comes(A)/ to A B C D E D ' Later' means at a time in
soy burgers or a(B)/ the future or after the time
spicy pizza, I prefer you have mentioned
(C)/the later. (D). whereas 'Latter' means
the second of two people,
things, or groups
previously mentioned.
Hence, 'latter' will be used
here in place of 'later'.
Hence, Option D is
correct.
22 The police (A)/has A B C D E B The noun 'police' is

identified (B)/an accused always treated as a
based(C) /on CCTV collective noun, and thus
footage.(D) the plural form of the verb
i.e 'Have' must be used
and not singular form
'has'.
Page 15 of 25
English - Set 3
23 They hijacked (A)/ the A B C D E D Plural noun 'hostages' will

plane and (B)/kept the be used in place of
passengers (C)/as 'hostage' referring to plural
hostage(D). noun 'many passengers'.
24 Convoy of motors A B C D E D Past perfect tense 'Had

(A)/was held up fallen' will be used in
(B)/because a tree ( C)/ place of 'fell' as the tree
fell across the road (D). had already fallen which
caused the road block.
Page 16 of 25
English - Set 3
25 He resigned from(A)/ the A B C D E B The idiom 'of one's own

post from(B)/ his own (C accord ' is used to indicate
)/ accord.(D) that someone does
something because he or
she wants to, not because
someone has asked the
person or forced him or
her to do it.Hence, 'of' will
be used in place of 'from'.
Hence, Option B is
correct.
Directions (26-30) : The phrases highlighted in the sentences given below are grammatically or idiomatically incorrect. Pick
out the best suitable option to correct the sentence.
26 Although it was Although it Although it was Although it Although it was No Error C When a sentence begins
raining, but we had a was raining, raining, yet we was raining, raining, and with although or though,
picnic. still we we don't use `but' or `yet' or
'still' to introduce the main
clause. Eg Although the
sun was shining, it wasn't
very warm.
Page 17 of 25
English - Set 3
27 She lay on the bed and laid on the lied on the bed lain on the lie on the bed No Error E This sentence is error
gazed at the ceiling, bed bed free. As 'gazed' is used
daydreaming. here, the past form of the
verb lie (be horizontal) will
be used.'Lay' is the past
form of the verb lie and
'Lain' is the past participle
of the verb lie. Laid is the
past form of the verb lay
(to put something down).
28 In the era of the rich and the rich and the rich and the rich and the No Error A Definite article 'the' will be
globalisation, the rich the poor of poor of India the poor of poor of India's is used before an adjective
and poor of India is a India are are India is when it is used as noun
part of global village. and is always followed by
a plural verb. Hence, 'the'
will be used before both
'rich' and 'poor'. Hence,
Option A is correct.
Page 18 of 25
English - Set 3
29 The government cannot until it didn't till it does not until it until the subsidy No Error B The sentence gives
be successful in slash the slash the subsidy. slashed the is not slashed. double-negative meaning
containing the fiscal subsidy subsidy. because of 'until it does
deficit until it does not not slash'. ' Until ' itself
slash the subsidy. means 'till not'. Hence,
Option B is correct.
30 I would not hesitate to what had I what did I think what I thought what does I No Error C Since it is an assertive
tell him precisely what thought of about him of him think about him clause and not an
did I think of him. him interrogative clause,
Option C is correct.
Page 19 of 25
English - Set 3
Directions (Q31-35): In each of the following sentences, there are blank spaces. In each option below, there are words which
can be used to fill the blanks to make the sentence grammatically and coherently correct. Find the appropriate words that fit
into the blanks contextually
31 The suspected case of orthodox occult traditional stereotypical ritualistic B The occult, in the broadest
human sacrifices in sense, is a category of
Kerala has brought into esoteric supernatural
focus the severity of beliefs and practices
crimes related to which generally fall
witchcraft and outside the scope of
__________ practices. religion and science,
encompassing
phenomena involving
otherworldly agency, such
as magic, sorcery, and
mysticism and their varied
spells. Since, the
statement reveals about
witchcraft practices, the
most appropriate option
among the choices is
Option B.
Page 20 of 25
English - Set 3
32 Wait here while I come unless I return unless I till I come back while I D Until/till indicates when
___________________ back back return return something will happen,
_ begin, or end. Come back
or return means the same
thing. Hence, return back
will not be the correct
usage.Unless refers to a
condition not being met
while until refers to a time
threshold not being
crossed. Here the
emphasis is on the time.
hence, Option D is correct.
33 Rishi Sunak officially dealing, fighting, struggling taming, battling, D Option D is the most
became Britain's first troubled confused with, precarious catastrophi appropriate choice as
British Indian prime worrisome c 'taming' means to handle
minister and is now or bring something under
tasked with the control. And, if your
enormous challenge of situation is precarious,
_________ the you are not in complete
economic crisis that has control of events and
left the country's might fail in what you are
finances in a doing at any moment.
___________ state with (=uncertain/dangerous)
millions of Britons
struggling to afford food
and energy bills.
Page 21 of 25
English - Set 3
34 The National Education changes, reforms, alleviation. quality, bright outcomes, B Option B is the most
Commission has said biggest talented Skilful demanded appropriate choice
that India will have to according to the meaning
bring ____ in education of the sentence. Reform
if it has to emerge as the means to make changes
most ____ workforce of in something, especially
the world. an Institution or practice,
in order to improve it.
Page 22 of 25
English - Set 3
35 According to a recent unprecedent unbelievable, unusual, insignificant, adequate, A As per the positive
survey, sales figures of ed, negated suffered worsened endured proven meaning of the sentence,
high-end cars have seen Option A is the most
an ____ growth in the appropriate choice.
past year, which shows Unprecedented means
that Indian consumers never done or known
have ____ the impact of before.
recession.
Directions (Q36-38): Identify the meaning of idioms/phrases in the given sentences
36 He said a meeting state of heated one- a reprimand a futile D If someone in authority

between the two officials tumult/chaos exchange upmanship exercise gives you ' a rap on
about Sunday's incident the knuckles ' ,
resulted in "a gentle rap they criticize you
on the knuckles".What or blame you for doing
does the idiom "a gentle something they think
rap on the knuckles" is wrong. Hence, Option D
mean? is correct.
Page 23 of 25
English - Set 3
37 He has reached present his persistent his good his hard work flattering his cynicism C 'Elbow grease' is the hard
position in his job fighting connections superiors physical work that's often
through elbow grease. required to get a difficult
What does the idiom task done.
"elbow-grease" mean?
38 He takes umbrage takes feels depressed takes offence doesn’t pay takes pride C If you say that a person
against anyone who revenge attention to in takes umbrage, you mean
criticises him. What that they are upset or
does the idiom " takes offended by something
umbrage" mean? that someone says or
does to them, often
without much reason.
Directions (Q39-40): Identify the synonyms of the words in Capital in the given sentences
39 Her IGNOMINIOUS exit unexpected anonymous unanticipated embarrassing unprecede D Ignominious means
was triggered by a nted disgraceful/embarrassing/
cabinet mutiny, a crisis humiliating/degrading etc.
of market confidence in
the government's budget
plans, and a total
breakdown of discipline
in the ruling
Conservative Party.
Page 24 of 25
English - Set 3
40 Her MELLIFLUOUS sarcastic funny hilarious sweet-sounding cacophono D 'Mellifluous' means

voice carries a lot of us sounding sweet and
depth. smooth; pleasant to listen
to.
Page 25 of 25

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Junior Associates 2022-2023: Pre-Examination Training for SC/ST/ESM and Religious Minority Community Candidates: General

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

16 Which of the following A B C D E E From all these sentences,

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

18 Which of the following A B C D E D Sentence E also

19 Which of the following A B C D E A

20 Which of the following A B C D E B

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

22 The police (A)/has A B C D E B The noun 'police' is

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

23 They hijacked (A)/ the A B C D E D Plural noun 'hostages' will

24 Convoy of motors A B C D E D Past perfect tense 'Had

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

25 He resigned from(A)/ the A B C D E B The idiom 'of one's own

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

Directions (Q36-38): Identify the meaning of idioms/phrases in the given sentences

36 He said a meeting state of heated one- a reprimand a futile D If someone in authority

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

S.N Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Ans Explanation

40 Her MELLIFLUOUS sarcastic funny hilarious sweet-sounding cacophono D 'Mellifluous' means

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