elroy AGC Of meta. hen. Tn-etcomedhd G) Fag.tle Shows © two omar former system intercemmded hg He- Mine Asswme de-line yesistonce & maghiale. Tihe-line Me a Pres Fig.i2te: Two onea Poty System, Korn Fig. ite, tve-line pou w be 22viVen of: Ons) ! Q@ Power. ange, ime. tw Se Omd Sy, the incremenlar Vine power cam be ~erbressed on Pie gy =s Pret. = am ae ok To (A8\- as) — (12.23) Whew l= \vi\ va} Po X10. cos(S- Sf) = Synchowigivg coeficienk Eqn: (2:23) can —-olss be Wrikken os AP ea anTin (fala - faf,ce) -~-(Waeeg) osheng Af, ond Af, one omtomiiod fea renodeviations im aflsa-d Gud omar esheckively, @) Stand Note Mowing Grom Oreo-2 So onea-4 com be Fiven os Puen = 207, (Jahnst ~ Sag, de) ~ aes) vthene = Wally. os (he = Boe ai : 32 Fate cos (5, i) = Spc coefliued. Role trol Ry ond Py ode Worled copocity of MLK 1 ond Awa-2 , Yes! j Wom eqys: (12:24) ond AC 2 gk OPise24 = g iio TA ee cdhene Pro ee. ee Wath reference be S4n.(a:to) , Inenomentar power bolance tn Loe Gnaa-41 Caw be —evikhen ob APgy — APY = Fe (a) +Didhy + ey iL Taking Laplace transform of <4(12.97) ond Oa iLdeviations iw ansa-4 Gud ona-2. sesbeckively, @ Stamey power Mowing Grown Orrea-2 ko onven-4 Se be Fivem ob ue: = BB Tay(SMaskt - f0h, dt) - 226) Wheng 7,7 BAW cos Qf) Sypchonigicg cafe Noke Yhod Ry ond 2, me te ole obit of WER 1 ond Otune 9 ea Wow ayn5- (12. 24) SN w® Pireo4 = ge crue 26) chen, Tas 228) veference So SAni(iaito) , Inenemendia ower boloner a for onea-t com be mille ob + 38 MPa, — OPy = Fe $l) + Dad + Pe io Taking Laplace transform of <9 (12,92) ond Nesegeniig oe get :Be - = APL) — ap 2): oc OFS) = [aap APL eS en (pas) Whene sa. ee te ee Koa Dy? SS “tere ( 4) | Block diagram vebrebentotron g e\qn(l228) is given in Fg. Qqe | SPS SA APL FAg.12 18: Block dwagramQo Taxing Laplace Transform & ap0-((2,24) | we gel , oPidia = 2a [ius — pri] coo) FAG-1219 GHveo boa AR sebre Senbebion ff “S4(wz0) ARS 12 FAA IDG" Dhow hingram rebyesentabranFig. 12.20 Ahows the Amoi perbwbbion drone Lmedion holock Sago — Considering Me Non- meheok Agbe und in ead andar Fig.1Q.20! Blocn diagrom sebresentalion twp onsa system.Sige Nt he ee Wrikten of L Above. o ° os % Oo. oto wh Tea Tha Tea ° eae Mok, Tha. 20a se eo ° -4 ° ° oo = Tha o ° ° ° ° Zee ‘pa es 2° Oo \\ Us ) te Os ° oO oO 4 =o © as TR. 0 equelion con be ven tg X= Ae Bi he i ee PTS OSL SO NANTON | <0, 6. (89) o 0 oO X, Kp pate os 20 0 To. 0 0 O Dey 4 ° se ee, Thy, : -4 4 = oo The The la =A we 8 ° O.. ee Te oO ee The |. a e PL =-( 123], © HV ae, C4) 0 9° °@ B Od 7 ome Fyn X, 0 od “p one stelr, Conbyl and dishurboner Ve choyg, xem pie ic 9 e¥ Ges Uy u,) gs -~h13. 33) = [abe ae Kee Se deviokion is the Same Cteasy — Stoly Afi> Oh = AL ond Sh) = SO) =o oon Whee A te FKZ — mobrix, ™ abyice,, @%,Ag OS ape, = apse x= - ('ardyy En He, 10 Af, - Sap Ae 0 ~ OPL, = BD). Ses - - (2:35) s3 21 —Ah, ait age Ae. ag) ke 52 (337) oe nig (236) and (2-37) ‘ we have i = APLy -"= (2-38) Of, (os z,) re Gig (Dat %) ond a Pate) OPle = (M44) apy Arie = ~ - (1239) Cont ®) = io (D4 +t.)Te-Line Freauene Bras Cowbrah 67) SS ee i Eoyn(2-3¢) ond BYMO24) suggest Bod | Here uty dee, 9, =s}tr RVers f Greg anen Sevrelion ond : x i oO © in dords, either 1, cervred thigne Sterdy Shots evVovg Stile enbong? cenbrol omask Le he syoveen WW wed 7 OSES PSs swbyanh-ocle conkral Ain % vem Oe should (sale Covyeck only. oy chowger vy Wud Seer G aknee ovdhy -4 ond So, (a Az) redmeo, Sto Ae UB hcAL Wee point , there rail Se deviodion of Le power Ad) Sled fom Sy wcheduled Value. Sufflowerdiany. cordoot, exhch, 9 nw Alywer Bor Mo Prinnary peed Conbrcl | AYN OW Conn era: Sob wy ge) study re Lattora} i @ s 2 Aods = & Ba Ales = Beess = APLy War) (PoP) =— APLyAce ss — ss TAP ety + B Abeg = ~ APL, Tay CAR) x0 Bem the Akeve, oe Ny Krak oly the Avtilementarn Cordwh, A sill Yeshond do APA amd er Av ob do by ALE, to Beno. Qe Iw Adee-4 is Lndbserral De subplom conbroR iM ean, “ neat WO a hy Cone, heh z ond 3.5 @ 7: li an *f ss ss BoE, = Pie ip ek By fe, = — APL, (4- B) 2sS imilase , AteS = — ap 2 ohne TRA ‘Ss = iis 3 & : Hene — Asoth Gham — 4 on —Q Au bilomedtaong conbals —aould ond Conveck he Sreapnen ees Od fake Wmdever tthe oe VeKed ub NBA-Q sity Pralebecpently vefled ihbel ab a Coraponent 3 cond WI here Sacked off AONE - she Fer Bac aes oo chore - Frequency bio eh isBock Axeqron a Integral contd laa Usi 2s: (12.43) and (Wa:44) Che Yivem in Fig, 12.04 FAQ.12- 241 Block dingron showing Integral Covbal.Fig.12.22 shows the dynoum vesbowse, Loy Asa, af, BPuein 7 AR, ond Pa , ij amd wikhowk i ns considering infe gral eS ey poramekes mee used fox Plotting. Fig.ig.02., ee = 120 43] bu mu, Ty,= %, = 9-08 See, Gig 2-A.0, APL4=0:04 bum — OP, = 0-0 } 1G, = Keo? rez. Bam Oe anes Rie R= 240 *3\ pur, = Z ob a = 20 deck, Th: Te 0.30 Bie, TN5= 00866 — Inbegral Contry h okt on oe Ne 12 one Aathiog 300 Sy a SM ata A, Noke Ud ee. ae to \ond r-enease tin ae mn Who Unviks 7 ER, Af = Al, ge OOS bum. wir Nnleg Corksal es = BPs od bu My ond Py, = 0 0 Oz @ Examble- 12.57 eee F33.12:28. «Shou og. {tu OMA tnbercormented ' The load in Sach area Vowies 47. Ser eve chonge In System Frequren So = So Ha, R= ey For at Write. Pyea-d te cetling waith ov Abinni Sebewe of Loo My Abread wey ever & genetin $f dooomy Capacity, omd onan “2 1s obenating otith o Ariwning Nexenve vf 4000 my reed unnafer OVA A Genenodion of VO ooo MU. De S8oMa/ HS ond Do= Yoo mw/pe, NWP HZ ond— Aven 4 Load = 20, 000mw Gen,= 49,000 mw Lood= 4000 Mw 40,000nw Gem = 44000 say Dekermine oe steady - stolr frequen: » Kemenction ond lord 4 each ona, ond tie-lke Woe tor the Follovsing Cone. W Loss 1000 Mw load iy Ma-A, assuming thot ony Sn flomentary- ww WW Each & the Fattoras ‘ emeles uthen Ye Femerchion cary ~ Ng SGebewwe in each OWL is on fs conkwR oni Ba = 2500 ond 2, = Sooo Mu], 5 \oad Nea ~ 4 Voss. f 500 NW genenolron, Costing. pork 4 the Abimig veoenes fn ontant, Sdubroy We sy eqns, Sonoma WG gemerohig. Compacsty ( induds Apioing- Seoewe f dob) We ontgt casa Xo ee 4 20000 _ Ri “eos * Ey) = $666.67 Maly “ 1 3 4 42000 : ee = 14000 Nh/H3 |@® 2 2s alee * Cok oe 2066S Mul), De D+D= 3e048o9 = = N\8o Nf ‘ f= SAT oe G to00) SOR + ARE) Load Changes tn Wee Saw hee ithand I Frequency Ary = “are, = 30x 0 O45 77MW = 17-38MW APip = Dg Af, = 80x 004597 MW = 36-S44NW — 305.13 mw Of = Ales = = 00487} 66ce.eg = 1 AFao= Ales —o-04szm l4000 = — 640.7¢ Nu RoNeo ood LOAD, = WW area-4 and ice 20,000 - 4000 4.47, 392 = 49047. 392 MW Load, = 40000 + 36. 6 Nope Mua Gemenotion in “ wa—2 Poy = 49000 Q:* = 18694, ¢7 Mw Pay = 44 873 = 40359. 20 Mu Pure, o, = LOAD, — Pa; = 49 047.399 ~ 18694. 89 2. Pereos = 322,529 MW,(b) with Sdtlovientooy. contol, @ WW Loss of 4000 MW load in osaa—4 Aven 4 ho o geoovbing Cobos, af 4000 Mia, on Subton Combat and Mig will veduce generhion Ao ob Myo Joring ACE, tp geo. Stoel 4 anen~2 Fenerakion on Avpplementony orkorok uit) Koofp Ace, of Zeno, Atay = Bat + Mie? Ace, =B, as IN, Remee ak so. f , po Aveo 4 gene ond ane ryeduced a A000 MW. Th Skeody— stolr chomge sive Oye — wd lond, of the te flow. WW) Loss of sob mw generodion Canrging, pont of A imaing. Seomve In AMm-A! Spinning rrederve Rock woith Benerokson loss is 500 x 1000 (4000 —\a00) Shirming Yesenve semalining is (1000 - 16667) =@33, 2504, Ory ts sablicient to emae Wp Soo Mw. Keno, the yennrolvon, amd load tm the hwo amos one shoved Xo hate pre- dishuybomeo Values, Qnene ane SE a chomgen a System Freqpenoy os tie—Line power ow. E = \66.67 MaOn -|stedlishing AGC Signo, ik should be recegrigel nok then o a lit do She volr ok whl goneroking uth oudpuks com be chorged. Qnis ts pow hicmbonl Serre Ger Nhevmol Uoiks aah ene mmechawiest. ad Lnenmak aroresseS ae SNe Moning: dockoyd. Fig. 1224 shows he flow chow for incerpoveting Be tic She mm be erokpix aifferenkrol - (12-49)Solve X=AK+BU +p ond evaluate the stotes at he end of k-th Amber vot Frg.12.04 : Flow char} Sor Comerderiv system Synowmicd . (4-i are in the the ith unit)(48) WZ20: Disereke Uneqvol Cormbsoller for aac Fer ease oberohion and conbrol, am inkercoumedied fourer syslem is Genewlly considered an ooma\gormohion. nf mumberd aus. Selacemedon lente Contiqnow% ayeak oe Vrysieotlay. Semele Love ag dish hk cembye. Ae aw vsuall brackice Jko Aowfle system deka, se, frequency. ond tre-line howe, ama Lromsfen Anformokion over daka Vinks te the disbolidhe One Updaded every Fag. 2.05 shows Suseip System and corbin vebresenkelion, hewn iy 9.1225, hp Contller is ¢ Aisewlr domain, seven though the bower Sin the amolk or Combinwous — ive domain. Disoukigokion ct the model 1 qwrt 4 Coutwller | ZOH Oech Power sysbun k=axeputpp Fa = ! > coats Fig.1225: power system and conballey YebreLentelion Combines domain. —---- User demonfer Bimulolion studies most be done in accordomee with Shannon's Aoumpling theorem. othewise on error , brthovtionoh do the — asmounk & binging 1 Oceans, A amined Joypherm , buch ob thet shown in Fag. 12-257, Troy. oe omolyged ty esting, Une -enbiove syste serach on una fin FAG 12257 The system oukbut Wi be Lornpled ok Lhe worynok Aomdpling voli, 2:2, , if Me Bowpling Lime T= 28¢¢, Lhe cAdrller owl SIL See Ubsol ~ever Ddee . Gus the conkrel “mpd to ne bower System erin Hho conbinwons—hine, domoin is held constowt Sockween Consecutive Barvapled. The cont lao ih Wows mode ip desorbed af MO = Mae [ACHE =~ tase) The disewlr Vey wd 24.50) ig oi divestly. ob USD = UbDT — key ser y RUE) ere KK is easy the Sarspling- Count,Exercise \Q4 A system constsic 4 three {denbical Soo mvd Fenerohing units ee wm todo Sood of FSS MN: The tnevho Constork of uit S'@ an S00 MYA base. The lead yarres dD: Sox Ay chorge tn hesyrenoy hen neg og. budden tneneace ta load i Be ST MM. Ascume fo = Sokg. @D Deteomine Bond serbressed on \500 MvA bone. (Find the wledy s devrotion ond i Naobreod Stbyessizn Asswwo ee eed ~ governing. ackion. Q Bagg « beg aodg aly = (e2"_ ) He S-o De eR 2 in Salata, ischoiley bower syslewm consists Unee turbine JEneMohing units gated 4000, 750. and 500 Mya, ved echively . Regulotion of cach und is SY, based on ihe oon cfoding. a cade wit une oo ot half of is oon ros hon the system Lead Addons inersore, 2OOMN . Dekermine orn Greanenory response. ha@ Chowacleristic (AFR) © on m 4000 MWA base. dso stedy- ster freaye ea rereny deviotion and ARS, AR and Ags + dssume UW =O ond Dzo , Yiven syste Frsquenor: f,= SOnB. Aus: B= 450 bu Mog = — 0+ 266743, OBy = gees MW ARsy = 66.66 MW oe = VY +44 WM, 42.3, Constden oc two po system es Avea-4 hod Aooo NW SO pec and Sic = anea-2 has £000 mW ef toha ae son ae ee ogee Snitiolly asec i of ks dofot fae Bseume “D=o ard Uz (Unconbell-ed), ond | ple Geaapeney @ £9750 93. Combate Mes, OPP, aps? ond Often for o Step imeneoe£ Aoomw load in award, Aus: dfg.= — o-0gs2ny, oR = 33-33MH ange = 66 6F MH ss OP S12 = - 66-67 NW&) 124 consider a single onsa system as shown in Fig. 12,26 with P-1-D contedien. abkein the dynamic. veshonsen Gnd comore ik vLite arly Mkgrak controller. Use Ty = 0-08 See, T= 0.380 “ys Tp> 2080 R= 2-40 03 [bu ta, LX \g=-0- Zo, Of 2-055, WA VRS af erie ts ESgormeded uth omother ons.o. having sons ge cofoeity (ahinile Cope) a whnon in Ak a7. Obbown the Sy namie Yerbones f Li, System uve ond unithnd oe integral conteller . Consider wome bovrasneters on Ww PIA —Guven Tat 00866, Kqe= 0-65,@ 12-6 Daw the Complelr block diagram model ond —ovile don al the shale aqnehiong of ho Ahree onan dnd fey ann ip inberamocted Power syskm an viham tn Fig 12.2¢, Qs Sig 1D 3A sieies ity ¢Y 1 Wane % Boo, [bu ma, Kp= 400-0, ARLE 0-01, Obkovin es erprension of AR od the Vole at. Rus: Af = ~O029()_ 1794 Ofe.= —o-029 HB.