BOOKLET TECHNICAL ENGLISH “Constructions” Teacher: Viviana Escobar Students .cccecscsecsescessecseens Course: $° 3° School: B.E.S.T NT Escaneado con CamScannerPRE READING: 1- Which clothes or accessories are appropriate for using heavy machinery at workshops? Name the ones you know. 2- Which are the risks that an operator runs if he doesn’t follow the correct safety measures? READING: The Correct Safety Clothing For Heavy Machinery Use Heavy machinery and power tools are used for a variety of different reasons. This could bbe on a construction site, at the roadside or even renovating homes. The proper and correct usage of these tools is not the only thing that must be taken into consideration. ‘Sometimes the clothing you wear is the only thing that will protect you from injury. ‘When operating heavy machinery itis important that the clothing be sturdy and snug- fitting, but it should also allow for complete freedom of movement. Loose-fitting jackets, scarves, neckties, jewellery, flared or cuffed pants and even unconfined long hair must be avoided at all costs, as these things could become entangled in the machine. Reinforced retardant overalls must be used. Prolonged use of heavy machinery exposes the operator to vibrations that could produce white finger disease (Raynnauds' phenomenon), which is also known as Carpal tunnel syndrome. These conditions reduce the hands ability to feel and regulate temperature. Carpal tunnel syndrome will cause numbness and burning sensations in the hand and may cause nerve and circulation damage and tissue necrosis. This is why it is imperative to Protect your hands as much as possible when handling a machine, Heavy-duty, non-slip gloves will improve your grip on the machinery and will also protect your hands at the same time. ‘Anti-vibration systems and heated handles do not guarantee that you will not sustain carpal tunnel syndrome. Therefore, even though you have taken the necessary measures to ensure that your hands are protected, continual and regular users of heavy machinery should monitor the condition of their hands and fingers closely. if any of the above ‘mentioned carpal tunnel symptoms appear, you should look for medical advice immediately. Escaneado con CamScannerGood fos is ‘otwear is the most important thing in your chainsaw work. Sturdy boots with non- slip sol P Soles must be worn, and steel-toed safety boots are recommended for the usage of most heavy machinery, jout the use of, To reduce the risk of injury to your eyes, never operate a machine Protective goggles or snuggly fitted glasses. For some machinery it will specify that you must wear a mask to protect your entire face. The mask will protect your eyes, nose and ‘Mouth from the dust created by the use of the machine. There is also additional safety equipment that must be used on a construction site. A safety helmet, or hard hat, is very important, to protect your head. A safety helmet is almost always compulsory on construction sites, and some machinery labels will speci the use of a hard hat. Heavy machinery can be extremely loud, and sometimes it will be necessary for you to ‘wear ear protectors. This will protect your ears against damage that could be caused by the loud noise. Certain machinery that produces a loud noise when in use will have a label specifying that ear protectors must be worn while in operation. Another piece of safety clothing that is worn is the safety harness. This is not necessary clothing, but it still is something that will be used by the operator. A harness will be. required as a precautionary measure when the person is on ladders or scaffolding. By: Sean Farrell Article Directory: http://www.articledashboard.com Vocabulary: Heavy machinery: maquinaria de ust tustrial Sturdy: fuerte Snug-fitting: ajustado Loose-fitting: suelto Flared: acampanado Cuffed: Con dobladillo Unconfined: Suelto (pelo) Escaneado con CamScannerEntangled: Engancharse Reinforced retardant overalls: overols reforzados retardantes (ignifugo) Heavy duty: muy resistente Non-slip: antidestizante Grip: agarre Steel-toed: Con punta de acero Snugaly fitted glasses: Anteojos de ajuste ceftido AFTER READING: 1. Find the correct title that summarises each paragraph. A: Protecting your head B- Correct usage of tools and protective clothing at work. C Safety shoes use, D- Height protection equipment E-Health consequences derived from hand-working. F- Visual protection. G- Avoiding ear damage. He Why using clothing correctly. I+ Heavy machinery users’ monitoring. 2- Read the text again and answer True or False and Justify the false ones. 41+ Wearing ear protectors lower the noise at work. 2- When operating machinery wear long loose clothes, 3- Heavy machinery exposure generally leads to carpal tunnel syndrome. 4- Carpal tunnel syndrome is an eye disease produced by the machinery vibrations. 5- lf you wear the necessary handles or use anti vibration machinery, you are safe from suffering from the carpal tunnel syndrome. 6- Eyes protection is not necessary to avoid contact with dust. 7- Some machines advise to wear protection against high levels of noise. 8 When using a ladder or scaffold, a safety helmet must be worn. Escaneado con CamScanner-A construction site- Cement Scaffolding Tiles put ladder direct Cone litt Board take | Center divider climb Linesman fw | Jackhammer | | break Crane || de Hole | | check | cement mixer | | wheelbarrow cae Look at what has happened in these construction sites. Make sentences in the Present Perfect using the vocabulary given. 1+ The builder. . in the container. 2 The construction worker nu he ladder. 3+ The builder on the roof. 4- The surveyor all the work. 5+ The builder .the board. 6 Themen in the ground. 7- The crane v~ the operator. 8 The workers to organize the traffic. the traffic. ..in the middle of the road. -the road with the jackhammer. the ground. the wheelbarrow with cement. 9- The linesman 10- The constructor 11- The builders 12- The diggers. 13- The cement mixer Escaneado con CamScannersatsoud ANvawoo {ueinqeooA Construction Construction mens theercton or sembly of ge structures, pearly those which prove ster, suc as comeclaland esdel buds. Wao laces major work stich a5 ships. aera and public works sueh as us dams, an bridges, The major elements of a bulking include the foundation, which supports the bullding and ges It staity © the structure, whlch supports all the tmypose lands and transits then to the foundation the extertor wall, which may oF moy not be part of the primary supporting structure the interlor partons, wll also may or may not be part of the primary structure the environmental-contol systems, Inluding the heating, venting, ae conulitioning. lighting, aod acoustical systems the power, water supply and waste disposal ystems Jobs in construction are many and varied, ranging from architects to painters, However, every building needs selid foundation on which the structure ean be erected, paying, special attention to the exterior wulls which will need to withstand the elements Jobs in construction architect" carpenter’ ‘electrician’ « mason’ painter plasterer « plumber + quantity surveyor * roofer Surveyor ‘The foundations ‘caisson + deep + mat + pile reinforced concrete + shallow + spread footing ‘The structure beam’ + bracing connection column * floor +” girder! figld conneétion * roof.* truss * wall J The exterior walls cutin wall + exterior skin’ +, Joadbearng wall’ + nonloadearing wal { ro6fing felt + sounddeadening moterial. = vapour barier US company which collaboration solutions to construction companies to help them achiev business success by increasing fa productivity improving risk management = und eeucing costs. Look atthe diagram Toousers { 3 rennet ‘opposite which shows thelr areas of fo Bien ily: = G avn activity onnwucon G tesacinee Menage 1 Papcteortan 1G dnancanenin 1B omeneraenet Escaneado con CamScanneroS a Chooxe the eorreet word in the fallowing sentences. 1A at roof is usually covered in roofing Felt/skin for protection agninst the weather ‘Ty prevent water enteri surface and 4 The assembly/structure of a building transfers ull the loa yun. 5 ‘The ventilating/acoust Rooms in a building are divided by Interior supports/partitions. the cavity of the wall. molsture barriers are used on the external ipour/insulating barriers are used on the inter S acting on the building to the tem provides fresh alr 6 Sound-deadening/-baerler matertal Is used (0 reduce sound passing from one room to another, The foundations for a skyscraper building must be deep/shallow: 8A spread footing/caisson piers is/are used when the soll Is ak, Label the following diagrams using words from the apposite page, 2__ 5 rool __. 3 steel 6 lattice _ foundations Here is part of a text about house building, Complete the text with words from the opposite page. There are two main methods of building houses none, solid wall kuown as ay walls are conseructed."They support the floors and the root of the building, inthe other, a work of steel, timber or concrete is conseeucted, The frame can be covered or filled in with lightweight material, When building a house, the oy Gist of al the site and makes a plan of the size and shape of the plot of land. Next, an © makes a derailed drawing of the building, and gives information about the materials which are robe used. A (0) calculates exactly how much of these materials will be needed for the building, ‘Then, the ground is dug out abxl the ) baid. During building, (0 \woorlen structures, (@) make the et andl place prone, (b) il 0 cover walls construct the wot and ceilings with plaster. Once the bouikling has boen completed, lay meters of and (K) install pipes for heating. and water, Ful paint the walls andl ccellingy ofthe building, Escaneado con CamScanner s3ildoud ANVawoo AJBINGEIOA 35ELEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION . Jobs in construction are many and varled, ranging from architects to painters, Howaver, every bbullding needs a solid foundation, on which the structure can be erected, paying special attention to the exterior walls which will need to withstand the elements, Jobs in construction: ‘architect “carpenter ‘electrician *mason ‘painter * plastarer * plumber *quantity surveyor ‘surveyor * roofer The foundations: “caisson *deep ‘shallow *mat *pile *relnforced concrete *spread footing The structure: “beam ‘girder *bracing connection * column “floor ‘roof *truss ‘wall The exterior walls: curtain wall ‘exterior skin “load bearing wall *non load bearing wall *roofing felt “sound deadening material *vapour barrier FIND THE WORDS IN SPANISH FOR THESE ELEMENTS. PLEASE, WRITE THE LETTER NEXT TO ‘THE WORD (UNIR ESCRIBIENDO LA LETRA) CAISSON ‘Ar SUPERFICIAL 2-BEAM B- PARED PORTANTE ‘3-MAT (INSPECTOR DE OBRA ‘4-EXTERIOR SKIN 'D- MATERIAL CON ASLAMIENTO ACUSTICO 5-LOAD BEARING WALL E-CARPETA ASFALTICA ‘6-NON LOAD BEARING WALL, F-TECHISTA 7- REINFORCED CONCRETE G-VIGA DE HIERRO ‘-GIRDER H- EMPOTRAMIENTO ‘9-ROOFER, 1 POZO DE CIMENTACION 10-SOUND DEADENING MATERIAL J-ENTRAMADO 11-TRUSS K- PARED NO PORTANTE 112-BRACING CONNECTION L- REVESTIMIENTO 13-CURTAIN WALL (M- TELA ASFALTICA ‘14-SURVEYOR 'N- PLOMERO. 115-ROOFING FELT (0- HORMIGON ARMADO_ 16-PILE P- VIGA DE MADERA ‘17-PLUMBER (Q- ACERRAMIENTO ACRISTALADO. 18-SHALLOW R-YESERO 19-DEEP S- PROFUNDO 720-PLASTERER T- PILOTE Escaneado con CamScannerELEMENTS IN CONSTROCTION The illustration shown above represents the essential elements of a modern building. 1- Foundations: This is a structure (made mainly of cement, iron and gravel) that transfers loads to the earth. The primary design concerns are settlement and bearing capacity. It is essential that the loads are spread safely and evenly over the supporting ground to ensure the stability of the building. In most cases, we do not see the foundation because it is below ground level. Foundations can be shallow or deep. This will depend on the type of soil the building will be constructed on. Shallow foundations: they perform well on sites with strong soils, sufficiently thick natural gravel rafts overlaying weaker soils or where robust, engineered ground improvement is carried out. For sites with weaker soils, it may be more economic to improve the ground and use shallow foundations than to use deep pile foundations. Deep foundations (piles foundations): a pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong material such as concrete that is pushed into the ground so that structures can be supported on top of it. Pile foundations are used in the following situations: Escaneado con CamScannerL-when there is a layer of weak soll at the surface. This layer cannot support the Weight of the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soll or rock that is below the weak layer, 2-when the building has very heavy concentrated loads, such as In a high rise structure, 2- Structure: This is comprised of pillars, beams and tie-beams made of reinforced concrete or iron. The structural system of every house Is required to support and transmit various loads. These loads can be classed as static or dynamic. A static load is applied slowly to a structure and does not change quickly. For example, movable loads resulting from people, collected water and/ or snow or movable equipment, building weight, soil and hydraulic loads. A dynamic load is measured by the application of rapid force or pressure to an object. For example wind loads or earthquake loads. 3- Floors and ceiling: The primary functions of the floor are to support the imposed loads and to provide a level surface for the activities that are carried out in the home. Floors must be designed to meet a number of performance requirements, including: “Strength and stability *Durability “Moisture resistance *Thermal insulator 4- Exterior walls: The primary functions of the external walls of a house are to support the loads generated and to create a comfortable living space. Walls must be designed considering “strength and stability “weather resistance *thermal insulator 5- Windows: These provide a visual link between internal space and the outside world. They are very important to the mental health of the people in the house. A small tie-beam is placed above the window to bear the load of all bricks situated over the window frame. 6- Roof: Its functions are to protect a building from the weather and to retain the heat generated inside. It is comprised of a wood or iron structure, a thermal material and the last layer, the tiles or slates. As well as the exterior walls, roofs must include these requirements: *strength and stability “weather resistance “thermal insulator 7- Internal walls: The primary function of internal walls is to divide the overall space within the house in smaller spaces. They are made of brick, wood or plaster. Some walls will be load bearing, which will have the function of supporting the loads of the house, and some will be non-load bearing, which will just have the purpose of di iding the house in rooms. Escaneado con CamScannerELEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION 1-Read the sentences carefully and complete with the words in the box -- are used when the soil is weak. is to prevent vapour diffusion. - are frequently used to construct the foundations of bridges piles. --- are used when the surface soil is strong enough to support imposed 5- The -—~ is used to help support the foundations below a building. It transfers the load to the entire ground. 6- The is a supporting structure composed of beams, girders or rods, commonly made of steel or wood. 7 the construction, ~- are used to stabilize the structure and support the weight of 8- An is used to avoid the heat loss. .- estimates the cost of the materials necessary for a construction job. divide the space within the house into smaller spaces or *a quantity surveyor *caissons _ “insulator/insulating barrier *piles foundations “truss “internal walls *vapour barrier *shallow foundations “load bearing walls “spread footing 2- Now, translate the sentences with a partner. Escaneado con CamScannerCivil engineering The term civil engineering describes, in general, the profession of designing and executing structural works for the general public and the communal environment. Civil engineering covers different areas of engineering, including the design and construction of large buildings, roads and bridges, canals, railway lines, alrports, water- supply systenis, dams, irigation, harbours, docks, aqueducts and tunnels. The civil engineer needs a thorough knowledge of surveying, of the properties and mechanics of construction materials, of the mechanics of structures and soils, and of hhydraulles and fluid mechanics. Today civil engineering includes the production and chemical process plants and nuclear power stations, and water desalination. Of all the areas a civil engineer can cover, we'll talk about bridges, thelr characteristics, parts and specifications, ACTIVITY 1: First of all, we'll see the parts of the bridge. Can you identify them? bridge cable deck plor pylon road span tunnal é B E He © F D- c Now we'll see the different types of bridges there are: ‘Ae BASCULE: Movable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span. (Puente colgante) 8- Cantilever: in tis type of bridge the roadway is constructed out from the pier in two directions at the same time so that the weight on both sides counterbalances each other. (Puente voladizo) CClapper: Ancient form ofa bridge. Pile of stones (Puente primitivo) D+ Crossover: A crossover bridge is either for rooftop or land site application providing an avenue for foot traffic = Footbridge (Puente paetonal. E> if: Movable bridge In which a span rises vertically while remaining parallel with the deck. (Puente levadizo) . Escaneado con CamScannerF- Swing: Movable bridge that has as ts primary structural support a vertical locating pin ‘and supporting ring. (Puente giratorlo) G- Viaduct: Bridge composed of several small spans for crossing a valley, They have arches in a series, He Suspension: Type of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. (Puente suspendido/Puente colgante) ACTIVITY 2: FIND IN THE PICTURES THE BRIDGES DESCRIBED ABOVE. Escaneado con CamScannerBridges Roading 1 Read these descriptions of five bridges and match texts 15 todlagrams {Ina suspension brldge, exbles go from one tower to another and he bhang rom vertical suspenders (cable or rods) attached tothe mag cable. 2 Acanttever is. benm supported atone end, In cantilever bridges, et balances on top of two or more other beams, or cantilever arms, 4 Arches are normally semlelcula In shape. Io ths type of bridge, ‘to cables or towers, Beam bridges are the most common type ol brlge. The deslgn I ery nate: The beam sis on top ol two or more supports or abutments, 5 Ina cablestayed bridge, the cables go dlectly rom the tower tothe daa Cable-stayed bridges can have any number of towers. re ae Z7] Together, sketch the faking 2 Work In pairs, Cover the diagrams ancl the texts in 1. h the five Spent 2 yes frist an expan helena sah Escaneado con CamScanner, 90. Starthere 1 What do you know about this bridge? 1 What's it called? 2 Where is it? 3. How high is it? Ustening 2 MIPEEM Listen to part of a TV programme about the bridge, Check your answers to 1. 3 Work in pairs. Which ofthe following can you see inthe photo? cable deck pier pylon span 4 Listen to the next part of the TV programme and complete the specifications of the bridge. BIE: mew, mime, ‘AME: meter, mite, eanimetor. Structure (0) cable-stayed | Completion date (2) December 2004 Number ot piers Material: cables and deck | (3) Deni ast abbreviations fun. Say: on hunted mares lores, wee: 100/100 kr Bons above deck | (8) Materia: piers /. — . le) Length of deck © m | Width of deck Escaneado con CamScannerACTIVITY 3: THIS IS AN INTERVIEW TO THE CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE MILLAU BRIDGE, IN THE ‘SOUTH OF FRANCE. 4: Journalist (periodista) : Engineer (Ingeniero) J: This isa photograph of the Millau Road bridge. It’s a beautiful bridge and it’s very high. In fact, itis one of the highest bridges in the world. It’s in the south of France and it crosses the river Tam. The brige is 336.4 m above the river. Now, I'm talking to the chief engineer of the bridge. So, can | check with you? 336.4 Is the total height from the top of the pylons to the river, is that right? E:Yes, that’s right. That's the total height. The road deck itself is 246 m above the river. Then, the pylons or towers rise another 90 m above the deck. J:1 see... And how wide isthe river valley at the bridge? E: Well, the valley is almost 2.5 km wide. Infact, the bridge is 2.460 m long or 2.6 km. J: And how long are the spans? E: They have different lengths. The bridge has two outer spans and six inner spans. The two outer spans are 204 m long and the six inner spans are 342 m long. J: How wide isthe road deck? E:lt’s 32 m wide. thas four lanes of traffic. 4:And what's the bridge made of I's really beautiful. And it looks very light. Eves, it looks light because itis ight! It uses the minimum material but it’s also very strong. ‘The cables and the road deck are in fact made of steel. The seven piers, of course, are made of reinforced concrete. NOW COMPLETE THE SPECIFICATIONS CHART: MILLAU BRIDGE: SPECIFICATIONS Structure 1-cable stayed ‘Number of piers: r Material: cables and | 2- Height of pylons above | 8- ™. deck deck Material * Height of deck above | 9- ™. water Total number of a Length of deck 10- km. spans Length of inner Es m, | Width of deck 1 ™. spans Length of outer 6 m. spans Escaneado con CamScannerVocabulary 5 Complete the table. Adjective high long wide Noun 6 Complete the sentences with the correct word in brackets The of the road Is 6 m. (wide/width) The river is 230 km ____. (long/length) The sea has a____ of 330 m, (deep/depth) (high/height) ‘These pylons are over 80 m ‘These oll wells are more than 700 m ____.. (deep/depth) ‘The total _______of the road is about 120 km. (long/length) The tunnel is 15 m ____. (wide/width) of the bridge is 130 m. (high/helght) The Language high ]2almetres | righ tow wo fis? its 110 centimetres | wide Tong {arethey? Theyre 100 metres fon i {oeep | 1009. klometres | deep ; Speaking 7 Make questions about the Millau Bridge. Use the specification chart In 4. 8 Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions in 7. Example. TV presenter: How long are the inner spans? Engineer: They're 342 metres long. Task 9 Work in pairs. Find out the specifications of your partner's bridge. ‘Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge: specifications ‘Type of structure "Suspension Country Piers (number) ath) Deck (above water) Deck (length) ‘Water (max depth) ‘Water at main pir (depth) Student B. Turn to page 114 Student A: 1 Ask Student B questions about the ‘Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, Complete your specifications chart. 2 Then change roles. Turn to page 112 and answer Student B's questions about the Rion-Antirion Bridge. Escaneado con CamScannerReview Unit D 1 Make questions for these answers, 1 It's about 50 m wide, (the road) How is the mad? 2 They’ re 90 m high, (the pylons) 3. Is more than 2 km long. (the deck of the bridge) 4 It’s about 35 m in height. (the scaffolding) 5. They're 15 m deep, (the foundations of the building) 6 They're about 12 m in length. (the steel beams) 2 Change these nouns to adjectives 1 depth 3 wieth 2 height 4 ength 3 Rewrite the sentences to give the same meaning. 1 Whats the height of the bridge? 4 The length of the new road is 355 km. How high is the bridge? This new road is 2 The height of the tower is 46m. 5 What are the widths of the screws? The tower is How —___ __? 3 Whatis the depth of thesea 6 The depth of the well is more under the bridge? than 30 m. How The well is 4 Make questions for these answers. 1 Ithas ten. (storeys / building) How many storeys does the building have? 2 He needs 20 kilos. (cement / builder) 3 They're using two. (cranes / men) 4 Itneeds about 4 litres. (oil / car) 5 I'm buying 150. (screws / you) 6 They can carry about 50 cubic metres. (concrete / ten trucks) Escaneado con CamScanner1 Dimensions 1 Use the words in the box to label the pleture bridgo cablo dock par pylon toad span tunnel 2 Make sentences. Write the words in the correct order. 270 has metres The sea of depth a -+ Theseahasadepthot 270 matees, deep is metres 25 river The -» 4s metres 330 span long The + 160 The height metres of have pylons -* 5. the 22 kilometres length The road of is —+ 6 width has 8 deck The metres of a. -* 3 Write questions and answers about the bridge. 1 where / this bridge? Q: Where is this bridge? Ales China, 2° long / inner span ? Q ie 3° high / pylons ? @ x 4 wide / deck? @ A unyang Bridge, China 5 high / deck / above water ? @ A Escaneado con CamScannerProblems on site Usterig 1. EEZEDEL sen oto engineers aig ona bulge, What othe sy about these things? Choose the correct answer inal, 1 concrete, second Noor: qld sold scaffolding: ight / heavy 2 concrete first oor: lqud/ solid 6 ground: 00 sof | too hard 3 palm: wet ary 7 toolboxes: 00 big / 00 sma 4 concrete aggregate: f00 fine / ‘oacoane Vocabulary 2 Choose the adjective In italics that doesn't go with the noun, 1 sof hard coarse ground 4. Fine [sot coarse aggregate 2 liquid heaoy/ werscafolding 5 wet fine guid palnt 3 dry hot sot concrete big/ heavy / sof toolbox Language Toot enough ‘Wo ue 166+ adectve wo sy ta eoneting is mar thanyou want iota | The grounds too sok Wi use nt + asec enough oy bat you wat smting obo mor than is The apgregee snot ne encugh. 8 Complete this conversation with the words inthe box. coarse cotoe deter omer sot Problems, problems. need (1), Was ont ‘homo here wth te agaeate. @)————lrthe trick heya Wee What your pln? Were pug mt down. Everyones Good. "na Aster hg she wong aggre tough Con youl Thon and che he (9 4 Usethe adjectives in and 210 describe 1-6, They say the ground ts too © — othe job ste RRRR RRR Wsnot 1 atee: 4 gravel 5 sand: 6 pale ona wat sol problems on te. Use 0 a Speaking 5 ‘A: The ground ts to so or the sealing A: The gravel is no Bs Wencedtinbertomoke mudi, We need n discuss solutions. nt enough, Then ot courte eng onder new gravel Escaneado con CamScannerLanguage wot: 15 say 15 ees ~ Quvanklies ~ 13. Countable nouns can be both singular and plural, Examples: screw, nail, botile, Uncountable nouns are always singular. Examples: concrete, cement, sand, oll. ‘erowa er ourisle__eementla uneounible ba screw cement vag baat twotans two bag of Doyeuneed sametany 227 oy (screws) do you need? much (coment) 4 Complete the dialogue with the words in the box, any how many much Good morning. Can I help you? Hello, Do you have (1) Certainly. (2) Ten mil OK. And @) —__ Filty, please. Yes. | need to buy (4) @—__? Black. OK. $0 (6) —___ Six large tins, please. Anything else? © No, that’s all, thanks. ecVecVW@ec@ece0eoe 5 Make similar dialogues with your partner. Use the questions in the box and the information from the table. How many? How much? What colour? What kind? What size? What type? _ some What colour What size screws? do you need? do you need? Right. So that's fifty 10 mil screws. Anything else? —_____ paint, please. lack paint do you need? To buy. item Quantity King, size or colour screws 50 tom paint —Glarge tins black glue___2 tubes “superglue ruts 30 15mm oil tL motor ot bolts 60 25 mm cément 20 bags white nails __2 packets of 50 20mm Escaneado con CamScannerREPORTED SPEECH punter HON mEPORTEO WELCH Present Gmpte Pant Siowple 1 mem in hove twat in love Me te tn love We went in love They ate in tove They were in love Hove you HHowed you She fovet you | dide’t fove you | don't love you ‘she doesn't love you Present Continuous Past Continuous 1am walking “Twas walking She (2 walking | She was walking They ore walking They were walking | [Present perfect. =SSSC*SCéast Perfect | Thad lived here for 20 years: | She had lived here for 20 years have lived here for 20 years, ‘She has lived here for 20 years {Post Sipe | Past Perfect | | Lwas at home thad been at home | [They were at home They had been at home | Histened to her thad listened to her i [saw you at the cinema thad seen you at the cinema Future Simple: Will Would | | will (1) study Medicine | would study Medicine 11am going to travel to Bs. As | was going to travel to Bs, As She is going to travel to Bs. As. She was going to travel to Bs, As They are going to travel to Bs. As They were going to travel to Bs. As | = I could take you to the airport Escaneado con CamScannerIrregular verby Tafiltive verb Pasi Simple [ Past Partleple Meaning WAS/WERE BEEN. ‘Serfesar BE BEATEN BECOME, ‘Convertnse BEGUN Empezar BENT Doblar/agacharse BITE. BITTEN Morder BLOW BLOWN Soplar BREAK BROKE BROKEN Romper BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT ‘Traer BUILD. BUILT BUILT Consirr BURN. BURNED/BURNT | BURNED/BURNT | Quemar BURST BURST BURST Explotar BUY ‘BOUGHT. ‘BOUGHT Comprar ‘CAN COULD, BEEN ABLE Poder ‘CATCH CAUGHT ‘CAUGHT, ‘Atrapar. ‘CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN Elegit ‘COME ‘CAME ‘COME Veni Cost. CosT. Cost. Costar cur ‘cur cur ‘Contar DIG ‘DUG DUG. ‘Cavar DO DID DONE Hacer DRAW DREW DRAWN, Dibujar DREAM DREAMED/DREAMT | DREAMEDIDREAMT | Softar DRINK. DRANK DRUNK Beber DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN, ‘Conduct EAT ‘ATE EATEN Comer FALL FELL FALLEN Caer FEED FED FED ‘Alimentar FEEL FELT FELT. Sentir FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT Pelear/uchar FIND. FOUND FOUND Encontrar FLY FLEW. FLOWN Volar. FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ‘Olvidar FORGIVE FORGAVE, FORGIVEN, Perdonar FREEZE FROZE. FROZEN Congelar ‘GET GOT GOT ‘Conseguir/ablener/eomprariete. ‘GIVE GAVE GIVEN Dar ‘GO WENT. GONE/BEEN Ir ‘GROW GREW GROWN Crecer HANG HUNG HUNG Colgar HAVE HAD. HAD. Tener HEAR. HEARD. HEARD. Escuchar HIDE, HID. HIDDEN Esconder HIT HIT HIT Golpear HOLD. HELD. HELD, Sostener ‘HURT HURT HURT. Lastimar KEEP KEPT KEPT Mantener KNEEL. KNELT KNELT. Arrodillarse KNOW. KNEW KNOWN. Saber LAY LAID LAID Poner 0) LED LED Liderar LEARN LEARNT LEARNEDILEARNT_| Aprender LEAVE LEFT LEFT Dejarirse7 LEND LENT LENT, Prestar Escaneado con CamScannerun LGHT 108 HAD TO PAID Pur Pec Meitc _[ READ. [heer [RIDDEN F Montar RUNG Sonar/amar | Subirvtevantarse | Correr Decit | ver SOLD Vendor SENT. Enviar SET Establecer/ jar ‘SHAKEN, “Temblar/ agitar SHONE. ‘SHONE Brillar SHOT. ‘SHOT. — | Disparar ‘SHOWED ‘SHOWN Mostrar SHUT ‘SHUT. ‘SHUT Cerrar SING ‘SANG ‘SUNG. Cantar SINK ‘SANK ‘SUNK Hundir Sil ‘SAT SAT Sentarse SLEEP ‘SLEPT SLEPT Dommir SLIDE SLID. ‘SLID Deslizar SMELL, ‘SMELLEDISMELT | SMELLED/SMELT | Oler SPEAK SPOKE ‘SPOKEN Hablar SPEND, SPENT ‘SPENT Gastar SPILL SPILLEDSPILT ‘SPILLEDISPILT Derramar SPOIL SPOILED/SPOILT | SPOILED/SPOILT | Arruinar STAND. STOOD ‘STOOD Pararse STEAL, ‘STOLE, ‘STOLEN Robar STICK STUCK ‘STUCK ‘Adheritse SWIM ‘SWAM ‘SWUM Nadar TAKE ‘TOOK TAKEN ‘Tomar TEACH "TAUGHT. TAUGHT, Enseiar TEAR TORE TORN Romper TELL TOLD TOLD Contar THINK THOUGHT, THOUGHT Pensar THROW, THREW, THROWN Arrojarfirar UNDERSTOOD, Entender WOKE Despertar WORE Vestir ‘WON ‘Ganar WROTE WRITTEN, Escribi Escaneado con CamScanner