ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- LAB

ACTIVITY 2

1. Johnny found an old jar of green beans in the pantry. “These must be some
that Grandma Ima canned years ago,” he thought. He noticed that the lid of
the jar bowed a bit. He opened the jar and the beans inside looked and
smelled okay, so he prepared them for dinner. The next day, Johnny was
not feeling well. His throat was dry, and he started experiencing double
vision. Soon he was having difficulty breathing. He called 911. When the
paramedics arrived 20 minutes later, Johnny was not breathing. He was put
on a respirator and rushed to the hospital, where physicians diagnosed
botulism. Johnny’s recovery would be slow, and he would have to remain
on a respirator. Botulism is caused by a toxin of the bacterium Clostridium
botulinum, which grows in anaerobic (without oxygen) environments, such
as improperly processed canned food. EXPLAIN HOW THE TOXIN
INTERFERES WITH NEURO COMMUNICATION AND WHY IS THERE
RESPIRATORY FAILURE.
Complete the tables below.
2. Somatic vs Autonomic
Somatic Nervous Autonomic Nervous
System System
Sensory Input

Control of motor output

Motor neuron pathway

Neurotransmitter
s and hormones

Effectors

Responses
3. Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Distribution

Location of
preganglionic neuron
cell bodies and site of
outflow
Associated ganglia
Ganglia locations

Axon length and

divergence
White and gray rami
communicantes
Neurotransmitters
Physiologic effect