Bring Down Costs Through, Rice acco GL eeeConrents. Three Essential Phase Separation Steps Pall Liquid/Gas Coatescers Comparison of Liquid/Gas Separation Equipment Pall Liquid/Liquid Coalescers Comparison of Liquid Liquid Separation Equipment... Pal! Coalescer Configuration Liquid/Gas & Liquid/Liquid Application Tables Pall Corporation Customer Support Pall Offices Worldwide 10-13, 4 Back Cover Pall Phase Separation Technology For Control And Protection Of Your Plant very year, refineries, gas processing plants and petrochemical plants around the world spend millions of dollars needlessly without realizing it. Maintenance cycles are shorter than they should be; operating costs are higher than ne sary; and unscheduled shutdowns causing lost production are all 10 common. Fortunately, solutions are readily available from one source: Pall Corpora n, the world's leading filtration and separations company. Pall SepraSol” liquid/ga coalescers, as well as AquaSep® Plus and PhaseSep® liquid/liquid coalescers, give you far greater coalescing efficiency, capacity and contaminant removal than traditional coalescers or other conventional separation techniques. Pall Corporation is unique resource in phase separation technology. Only Pall can help you achieve a higher degree of product control and equipment protection through teamworkThree Essential Phase Separation Steps to Reduce Operating and Maintenance Costs Our customers ben ned in developing filtration and separations technology that has reduced costs in hundreds of installations around the world, There are three essential steps to achieving cost reductions in your plant. from what 1. Preconditioning of the Fluid Pall recommends a prefilter to minimize solids in the coalescer influent that can plug the coalescer, reducing the overall life and efficiency. The prefilter provicles peak performance of the coalescing system and a lower total cost of ownership. 2. Coalescence of the Dispersed Phase Pall high-efficiency coalescers menge small droplets of liquid into langer ones as the fluid stream passes through several layers of filter media, each with progressively larger pores. As droplets compete for the open pores, they coalesce forming larger droplets. These larger droplets are easier to separate from the continuous phase fluid. ‘The coalescer size and type are «letermined by numerous factors physical properties of the fluid, flow rate, process conditions and chemical compatibility with process fluids and additives, Pall has the expertise and capability to determine the correct ccoalescer size and type for y specific process parameters. ar 3. Separation of the Dispersed Phase from the Continuous Phase Once large droplets are formed, they have to be separated. In gas systems, Pall spaces the cartridges to control the exit velocity of the gas so that coalesced droplets are not entrained in this stream, removed trom the fud stream are merged into larger Separation — bythe ter mecium, ‘ones as they pass through severe layers of iter ‘Separation: savy fakes ofect, tho large dioplets ae separates fro the proc uid In liquie/liquid systems, depending steam on the liquid to be separated, Pall will provide a separator cartridge which has “repelling” properties toward the coalesced liquids. Alternatively, the assembly can be designed to allow time for the coalesced liquid to settle When Pall works with you in all three phase separation steps, you see the difference in process efficiency and reduced operating and maintenance costs.a 0 Ofna Pall SepraSol Coalescers For Separating Liquids and Solids From Gases Pall can eliminate a common problem — poor liquid separation. Is a problem that eats away at profit margins, quid aerosols, which are dispersed in gases, attack several critical areas of your process: compressors and turho-equipment, amine-glycol contactors, burner and combustion equipment, and desiccant telltale symptoms are: + Compressor valves that need changing out more than once every two years + Turbo-equipment servicing + Plugging of reboiler heat exchang. + Frequent replacement of amines and glycols + Frequent foaming incidents + Loss of efficiency in bumer and combustion equipment + Frequent desiccant regeneration or ‘The Efficient Way to Remove Liquids Liquid aerosols are formed by three atomization and reentrainment from upstream separation equipment Condensation and atomization almost always form very stable, fine aerosols usually smaller than one micron in diameter Such aeros removed by “knock-out drums,” mist eliminators, vane packs or conventional coalescers. If not removed, these aerosols can damage downstream equipme! The solution is Pall’s patented SepmiSol coalescers. They are rated Up to 99.99% removal efficiency fc solid particles 0,3 micron and larger and reduce liquid content i streams down fo 0.003 ppmw No othComparison of Liquid/Gas Separation Equipment This chart compares the various equipment availabe for removing aerosols. You can see that only Pall SepraSol coalescers effectively remove aerosols smaller than one micron. Pall Soprasol Mist Vane Cyclonic ———Knock-out Liquid/Gas Eliminator Separator Separator. Drum Coalescor ‘Smallest Liquid <04 c 300 Droplet Efficiently Removed (Micron) Relative Operating Medi Medium i Pressure Drop Sensitivity to Increased insenstive Very Ser Medium Mediu Medium Liquid Loading Sensitivity to Increased Some to None Very Sensitive Medium Medium Mec Flow Rate Sensitivity to Sensitve Sensi Medium Medium ‘Turn-Down' 3. Higher Liquid Capa 4. No Reentrainment of Liquids By handling several times more The spacing of the cartridgy liquid volume without liquid enables Pall SepraSol liquid/gas entrainment in effluent gas, voallescets to control the exit Pall coalescers reduce equipment velocity of the gas, allowing the problems downstream, Fewer and coalesced drops to drain effectivelyPall AquaSep Plus and PhaseSep Coalescers for Separating Liquids From Liquids Tough beter usu Also, ol becomes dispersed eee Separating these liquids can be be diicuk,depending onthe o-razy prot uot brig pial properties ofeach — and clear) One of the most important peer eeeeee eee abone pa Pe png oueaeln of lagki“eg exvacion unis can bine a broad ange gasoline, LPG or kerosene 0 * Camyover of amine in LPG The lower the interfacial tension, No-auttotant eit * Oil and hydrocarbon in water and the more stable the emulsion other aqueous streams and the more difficult the liquids are to separate, Frequently, the problem is the presence of a surfactant which lowers interfacial tension, Conventional coalescers Degin to lose efficiency when he interfacial tension is below 4 20 dyne/em. In addition, a small amount of surfactant can disarm conventional Defining the Problems coalescers, rendering them Liquid/liquiid dispersions or ineffective, Surfactants are emulsions are often formed by everywhere: in corrosion process operations such as liquid inhibitors, organic acids, iquid extraction and water washing. well treating chemicals, As liquid mixtures cool, the sulfur compounds and solubility decreases numerous chemical In the case of steam stripped additives, Pall AquaSep nydrocarbons, for example Plus and PhaseSep as the temperature decreases, coalescers separate ‘water comes out of solution liquids with interfacial to form a second distinct liquid tensions as low as phase, resulting in hazy product 0.5 dyne/em.Comparison of Liquid/Liquid Separation Equipment You can see from this table that Pall coalescers separate liquids with interfacial tensions far lower than any other means of separation. Pall Salt and Conventional Mesh Pack Electrostatic Tank Setting Vacuum ‘AquaSep Plus/ Desiccant Goalescors Precipitator Dehydration PhaseSep Tower Tower System Lowest AquaSep: <2 dynam >20 dyne/em >20 dyne/om >10 dynafcm >20 dyne/om <2 ay Interfacial Tension 3 dyne/em Efficiently PhaseSep: Separated 05 dynefem Relative Operating Low High Medum Low High Low High ‘and Maintenance Costs Effect of Additional Low High Low Low High low Medium Dispersed Liquid (on Operating Cost Effect of Surface None None Reduces Reduces “Reduces. «Reduces. ~—=—«None ‘Active Chemicals ficiency Efciency —Efcioncy —_Eficienoy on Efficiency Effect of Additional Low Medium Low Medum = Medum Medium Dispersed Liquid on Etfciency ‘Sensitivity to Low Medum Low Low High Low Low Temperature Changes Relative Low High Medium Low Hoh Low Medium Maintenance a's AquaSen Pius and PhaseSap Auidnquic coalescers separate water from hazy diesel et) and ol from wastewater and produced water, providing Contaminant -Fee product. dering Inform: Open here for a Complete Selection Guide for Coalescer Part Number‘wo Configurations for Optimum Separation Efficiency Pall Aquasep Plus and PhaseSep system available in a horizontal and a vertical configuration, The right one for you depends on the liquids in your process Both configurations begin with a prefitration stage to remove solid contaminants, This signi life, improves the fluid quality and decres liquieViquid emulsions, making coalescing easier are santly extends service the stability of all's Patented Vertical Coalescer/Separator Stack This is the most efficient technique for separating wo liquids when the dispersed fluid is water and the inter- facial tension is greater than 3 dyne/em. The coalescer clements are stacked on top of a separator element to ensure uniform flow distribution from the coalescer to the separator. Loyewiouy Buvapic/SseqUN Led JeOS=ECD J0} BIND UOITES BieIAUED #10} 2164 UBIO Pal AquaSep Pls and PhaseSap Stack Assembly The assembly is smaller and has a longer service life than conventional coalescers. After water droplets are coalesced in Pall's proprietary media, water-free liquid and large droplets of water flow toward the separator. The hydrophobic separator medium repels the aqueous pha se, so only the waterfiee bulk fluid passes through the separator, The two liquids are removed by separate drain connections, ‘The Pall Horizontal Coalescer If the dispersed liquid phase is not water, an AquaSep Plus or PhaseSep coalescer without a separator is placed in a horizontal housing, It should be used to separate oil from fer, fWO NoN-aqueous liquids or when the interfacial tension of two liquids is less than 3 dyne/em. In this configuration, the liquid/Liquid mixture enters the coalescing element and flows inside to out, Small liquid contaminant droplets coalesce into larger droplets which are separated by gravity and are removed, Pall vertical iquidliquid coalescer Configuration with prefiter onthe let and fquaSep Plus/PhaseSep coalescer shown fer night Mater exts bottom et, water-ree procsct bottom grt. Pall horizontal iquid/iquid coalescer Conguration with proitr far ft and AquaSep Plus/PhaseSep coalesce right. Contaminant-ree contewous phase ‘ex top night, squid contamnant, bottom nigh SeparatorFortunately, For Each Problem, There Is A Solution: Pall Seprasol Liquid/Gas Coalescers. ad Se eC eel en eR meg Teen et Lad cio re eg Cie ‘SepraSol Cree o o d ey ra a eg eesti Cec ee a hi ee ccc ice ME gE et mee eres Cee ee rt i ats ear en ee ea fel 5% aromatics in liquid Sone fee A tied ee ems cas Ca ee cece od ec panos rT}Equipment service life between maintenance shutdowns and plant tumarounds is often shorter than it could be. And the causes of increased maintenance and operating costs are not always obvious. These tables will eee eet nn eae ae omc neta applications, followed by brief summaries of the Pall liquid/gas and Pretec nee eee eed Coreen eos Inadequate Liquid Removal Can Create Costly Maintenance ee ones ‘Application ‘Symptom Problem Gas transmission compressors. Tin less than 2 years Gas throughput below design: fouling and salting of compressor internal Reciprocating hydrogen than 2 yi Gas throughput below design; fouling compressors and salting of compressor internals, |Amine or glycol contactors foaming in contac efciency; fouling of exchanger ar 1 the ine urface tension of the nd initiate foaming episod Fuel gas burners an 1 year bet Burner nozzles plugged and frequently (or flame patterns. Desiccant or absorbent bed 3-year c ft n problems [Compressor lube oil in refinery, 1p; fouling }gas and chemical plants. sm equioment with lube oll product (e.9. JAmine from contactors i igher than design amine Ic fouling of downstream equipment. Gas separation membranes e memibrane seperation efficien ice iteThe Solution is Advanced Technology: Pall AquaSep Plus and PhaseSep Liquid/Liqt | Poor Separation Can Damage Equipment and Reduce Product Quality ‘Symptom - Measured Problem Interfacial Tension [Separation of water from: 3-25 dy f-spec product. Presence ‘gasoline, jet fuel and diesel ant sting in the feedstack or added on, increasing [Separation of caustic from: 05-18 dyne/em Jgasoline, jet fuel and diesel | Separation of water from light 2 te isting in the fee hydrocarbons (G, and below) educe interfacial tension, and petrochemicals. a Separation of amine from LPG N/A 28, Sufur compounds on, making separation n ‘Separation of hydrogen peroxide from working solution ‘Separation of acids from [petrochemicals and hydrocarbons to separate. [Separation of oil fro Oil wil foul steam system and incr * water vater treatment plant. + anhydrous ammoni Off-spec anhydrous ammonia. Palll Liquid/Liquid Coalscer Perereaketit Tete Ream eet mee gC the Correct Product and Configuration for Your Process. Recommended Product [Contaminating uid is aque IFT >3 dyne/cm [Contaminating fluid is aqueous, Aa alescer jousing) Both fluids are non-aqueo ‘AquaSep Pius or PhaseSep cosiescer ithout separator (Horizontal Housing) yntaminating fluid is ol AguaSep Plus or Phast vthout separator (Hi 7Coalescers. Ce ed Sey Peed Pence eer nM a ee oe 1 A Rr ue a ee Integral Prefiter CR en ue Coalescer iro OC ee eu ees Bee a peroxide from working, ete er See eae foe et OAT ee Coes ee a Ee) Ca me esd Separation of water 3.75°795 mm diam, medium does not Cen ieee peoa Cay 13Pall Corporation A Powerful Resource for Control, Protection and TeamworkPall Corporation £2200 Northern Boulevard East Hils, New York 11548-1269 888.873.7255 toll ree ‘516.484 5400 phone 516.<84, 0964 fax Fitration. Separation. Solution. Visit us on the Web at www.pall.com at Corporation fat fees od ns Brunet ow Word m wears wena ‘eara orain unes Balu, Coatn Choe, Pare, Goan Fong Kd ind ene, ta, apr, Raa. Ma, t,he er, Not ‘oad Noe. POsed, Pus es esas, genre, South Aca Span Swede, Sotcusi netmapr naattwease tenon ne Sn mpi merc GD ree stan ts at (008-1006