Microeconomy

Project

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in

Memory of Alfred Nobel has been awarded 53 times to 89
laureates between 1969 and 2021.

NAME OF THE WINNER Year of the prize The winning idea and contribution
Ragnar Frisch and Jan 1969 for having developed and applied
Tinbergen dynamic models for the analysis of
economic processes
Paul A. Samuelson 1970 for the scientific work through which he
has developed static and dynamic
economic theory and actively contributed
to raising the level of analysis in
economic science
Simon Kuznets 1971 for his empirically founded interpretation
of economic growth which has led to
new and deepened insight into the
economic and social structure and
process of development
John R. Hicks and Kenneth 1972 for their pioneering contributions to
J. Arrow general economic equilibrium theory and
welfare theory
Wassily Leontief 1973 for the development of the input-output
method and for its application to
important economic problems
Gunnar Myrdal and 1974 for their pioneering work in the theory of
Friedrich August von money and economic fluctuations and
Hayek for their penetrating analysis of the
interdependence of economic, social and
institutional phenomena
Leonid Vitaliyevich 1975 for their contributions to the theory of
Kantorovich and Tjalling optimum allocation of resources
C. Koopmans
Milton Friedman 1976 for his achievements in the fields of
consumption analysis, monetary history
and theory and for his demonstration of
the complexity of stabilization policy
Bertil Ohlin and James E. 1977 for their pathbreaking contribution to the
Meade theory of international trade and
international capital movements
Herbert A. Simon 1978 for his pioneering research into the
decision-making process within
economic organizations
Theodore W. Schultz and 1979 for their pioneering research into
Sir Arthur Lewis economic development research with
particular consideration of the problems
of developing countries
Lawrence R. Klein 1980 for the creation of econometric models
and the application to the analysis of
economic fluctuations and economic
policies
James Tobin 1981 for his analysis of financial markets and
their relations to expenditure decisions,
employment, production and prices
George J. Stigler 1982 for his seminal studies of industrial
structures, functioning of markets and
causes and effects of public regulation
Gerard Debreu 1983 for having incorporated new analytical
methods into economic theory and for
his rigorous reformulation of the theory
of general equilibrium

Richard Stone 1984 for having made fundamental

contributions to the development of
systems of national accounts and hence
greatly improved the basis for empirical
economic analysis
Franco Modigliani 1985 for his pioneering analyses of saving and
of financial markets
James M. Buchanan Jr. 1986 for his development of the contractual
and constitutional bases for the theory of
economic and political decision-making
Robert M. Solow 1987 for his contributions to the theory of
economic growth
Maurice Allais 1988 for his pioneering contributions to the
theory of markets and efficient
utilization of resources
Trygve Haavelmo 1989 for his clarification of the probability
theory foundations of econometrics and
his analyses of simultaneous economic
structures
Harry M. Markowitz, 1990 for their pioneering work in the theory of
Merton H. Miller and financial economics
William F. Sharpe
Ronald H. Coase 1991 for his discovery and clarification of the
significance of transaction costs and
property rights for the institutional
structure and functioning of the economy
Gary S. Becker 1992 for having extended the domain of
microeconomic analysis to a wide range
of human behaviour and interaction,
including nonmarket behaviour
Robert W. Fogel and 1993 for having renewed research in economic
Douglass C. North history by applying economic theory and
quantitative methods in order to explain
economic and institutional change
John C. Harsanyi, John F. 1994 for their pioneering analysis of equilibria
Nash Jr. and Reinhard
Selten
Robert E. Lucas Jr. 1995
James A. Mirrlees and 1996
William Vickrey
Robert C. Merton and 1997
Myron S. Scholes
Amartya Sen 1998
Robert A. Mundell 1999
1.James J. Heckman 2000
2.Daniel L. McFadden
George A. Akerlof, A. 2001
Michael Spence and
Joseph E. Stiglitz
1.Daniel Kahneman 2002
2.Vernon L. Smith
1. Robert F. Engle III 2003
2, Clive W.J. Granger
Finn E. Kydland and 2004
Edward C. Prescott
Robert J. Aumann and 2005
Thomas C. Schelling
in the theory of non-cooperative games
for having developed and applied the
hypothesis of rational expectations, and
thereby having transformed
macroeconomic analysis and deepened
our understanding of economic policy
for their fundamental contributions to the
economic theory of incentives under
asymmetric information
for a new method to determine the value
of derivatives
for his contributions to welfare
economics
for his analysis of monetary and fiscal
policy under different exchange rate
regimes and his analysis of optimum
currency areas
1.for his development of theory and
methods for analyzing selective samples
2.for his development of theory and
methods for analyzing discrete choice
for their analyses of markets with
asymmetric information
1.for having integrated insights from
psychological research into economic
science, especially concerning human
judgment and decision-making under
uncertainty
2. for having established laboratory
experiments as a tool in empirical
economic analysis, especially in the
study of alternative market mechanisms
1.for methods of analyzing economic
time series with time-varying volatility
(ARCH)
2. for methods of analyzing economic
time series with common trends
(cointegration)
for their contributions to dynamic
macroeconomics: the time consistency of
economic policy and the driving forces
behind business cycles
for having enhanced our understanding
of conflict and cooperation through
game-theory analysis
Edmund S. Phelps 2006 for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs
in macroeconomic policy
Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. 2007 for having laid the foundations of
Maskin and Roger B. mechanism design theory
Myerson
Paul Krugman 2008 for his analysis of trade patterns and
location of economic activity
1.Elinor Ostrom 2009 1. for her analysis of economic
governance, especially the commons

2. Oliver E. Williamson 2. for his analysis of economic

governance, especially the boundaries of
the firm
Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. 2010 for their analysis of markets with search
Mortensen and frictions
Christopher A. Pissarides
Thomas J. Sargent and 2011 for their empirical research on cause and
Christopher A. Sims effect in the macroeconomy
Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. 2012 for the theory of stable allocations and
Shapley the practice of market design
Eugene F. Fama, Lars 2013 for their empirical analysis of asset
Peter Hansen and Robert prices
J. Shiller
Jean Tirole 2014 for his analysis of market power and
regulation
Angus Deaton 2015 for his analysis of consumption, poverty,
and welfare
Oliver Hart and Bengt 2016 for their contributions to contract theory
Holmström
Richard H. Thaler 2017 for his contributions to behavioural
economics
1. William D. Nordhaus 2018 1.for integrating climate change into
long-run macroeconomic analysis

2. Paul M. Romer 2. for integrating technological

innovations into long-run
macroeconomic analysis
Abhijit Banerjee, Esther 2019 for their experimental approach to
Duflo and Michael Kremer alleviating global poverty
Paul R. Milgrom and 2020 for improvements to auction theory and
Robert B. Wilson inventions of new auction formats
1.David Card 2021 1. for his empirical contributions to
labour economics
2. Joshua D. Angrist and
Guido W. Imbens 2. for their methodological contributions
to the analysis of causal relationships

Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas 2022 for research on banks and financial crises
W. Diamond and Philip H.
Dybvig
Source: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-prizes-in-economic-
sciences/
Pavel Eduard-Lucian
Is intended human action necessarily rational?
Actually,yes,intended human action is necessarily rational in some situations
where emotions can t interfere like eating and so on,but,for example,if we are
facing a death or life situation in which we need to choose like to kill 1 man or
woman and 3 people it s very hard for us to choose because in the end we are
killing someone and in this situation emotions wil take over our decisions as an
internal factor because the external factor makes us do that.We are
determined by any situation to use emotion in our choices but we usually tend
to rationalize the choice we make in our life.