INSTALL OPERATING SYSTEM

CONFIGURE NETWORK

Alejandro Valdiviezo
HIGHER DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE IN COMPUTING Student No. 2020399
Contents

1. Installing Operating System.................................................................................................... 2

2. TASK A: Renaming the servers .............................................................................................. 3
3. TASK B: Assigning network ................................................................................................... 4
4. TASKC: Use networking best practices to configure the firewall to allow PING to pass
through the ICMP port and show that the server scan PING each other by their IP addresses 4
4.1 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................ 5
5. TASK D: Networking & Virtualization research topics: Internet RFCs and RFC
1918Conduct research and explain the following topics ............................................................. 7
5.1 Topic 1: Conduct research and explain, in your own words, what RFC 1918 specifies
regarding IP addresses for private networks ............................................................................................ 7
5.2 Topic 2: Conduct research and explain how RFCs (Request for Comments) helped build
the Internet (history and evolution of these RFC documents) ............................................................... 7
6. TASK E: Operating Systems & Architecture research topics: High Availability and Fault
Tolerance......................................................................................................................................... 7
6.1 Topic 1: Regarding network servers explain what high availability is....................................... 7
6.1.1 Why servers need High Availability ........................................................................................ 8
6.1.2 Two examples of servers that need to have maximum uptime. ........................................ 8
6.1.3 Explain what fault tolerance is and specify three types of fault tolerance that might be
used to provide high availability to a server .......................................................................................... 8

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 1. Installing Operating System

Using the Virtual Box Machine software, we create two servers as is required in the
assignment:

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 2. TASK A: Renaming the servers

Once the two servers and the guest additions are installed, we rename them as specified
below:

The names for Servers were done using the following name format: ServerA and ServerB
followed by the last three digits of student number.

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ServerA is renamed using the Windows System properties.
ServerB is renamed using the Windows PowerShell
(using one PowerShell command).

3. TASK B: Assigning network

ServerA: IP-172.16.0.10 / subnet mask-255.255.0.0 / default gateway 172.16.0.1 / DNS

172.16.0.10
ServerB: IP-172.16.0.20 / subnet mask-255.255.0.0 / default gateway 172.16.0.1 / DNS
172.16.0.10

4. TASKC: Use networking best practices to configure the firewall to

allow PING to pass through the ICMP port and show that the server
scan PING each other by their IP addresses

As you see, connection was not possible so we need to modify firewall’s configuration as is
shown in the next section.

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 4.1 Troubleshooting

You could find some difficulties to connect your virtual terminals if you don’t watch the
following points:
- Configure the network NICs as an internal, if you do this you won’t be able to connect
your machines to the internet. For you to be able to connect your machines between
them, you need to configure the firewall in both of them. As you see in the image
below, the first attempt to make ping between machines is unsuccessful. This, due to
the firewall configuration.

- To be able to connect your machines successfully, you need to go to Control Panel-

Update and Security-Firewall Configuration-Advanced Settings and there configure
the Inbound Rules and the Outbound Rules as you see in the image below. In
Outbound Rules and Inbound Rules, you need to press right click over the File and
Sharing (Echo Request-ICMPv4-In) and chose the Enable Rule option, a green mark
will appear to confirm the action.

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Now, if we use PING command to check the connectivity between our VMs, we’ll see that
these are connected.

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 5. TASK D: Networking & Virtualization research topics: Internet RFCs
and RFC 1918Conduct research and explain the following topics
5.1 Topic 1: Conduct research and explain, in your own words, what RFC 1918
specifies regarding IP addresses for private networks

RFC 1918 refers to a standard that allows private networks keep their IP addresses not
reachable by any computer that is not in their private network. This means that an
organization can handle a bunch of IP addresses for their own computers or network
members, in other words, this standard allows to the organization keep its internal network
isolated from public network but with access to this last one.1

5.2 Topic 2: Conduct research and explain how RFCs (Request for Comments)
helped build the Internet (history and evolution of these RFC documents)

“A Request for Comments (RFC) is a publication from the Internet Society (ISOC) and its
associated bodies, most prominently the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the
principal technical development and standards-setting bodies for the Internet.”2
The RFC documents started in 1969, as a part of the ARPANET (short for Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network) project, that was the first project of a network that
uses TCP/IP protocols. These documents were written by Steve Crocker and a bunch of
professionals.
Today RFCs are the official publication of IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) and other
important organization related to computer network researches. After the ARPANET project
was finished, the development and publishing of those documents was continued by different
professionals and institutions like universities and other organizations, the format and styles
were changing with the time and different editors have been working to improve and continue
the development of these documents.
RFCs have helped the build of the internet due to many of those were adopted and designed
to be Internet Standards, which means that as RFCs were developed the implementation of
these as a best practices or standards allowed to develop network industry and the spread
of knowledge about connections improvements that have as a consequence a better
information flow or better internet.

6. TASK E: Operating Systems & Architecture research topics: High

Availability and Fault Tolerance
6.1 Topic 1: Regarding network servers explain what high availability is.

1
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/isd/services/get-connected/wired-networks/use-private-rfc1918-address-space-ucl-internal-
network.
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments

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High Availability, in terms of a system is not only the ability of being always “available”, but
also the capacity of attend considerably number of requests or have a permanent
accessibility regarding to the users of the network.

6.1.1 Why servers need High Availability

If a server doesn’t have High Availability, that can suffer downtimes that are the times when
the server is not available. This situation could have different consequences to the
organization, incomplete processes like sales, reports, or updates. This also could damage
the reputation of a company or institution.
Servers need High Availability to avoid problems and to host a lot of clients simultaneously
and permanently. Today this condition is very important due to the spread of the technologic
companies that operate exclusively online giving services and receiving requests.

6.1.2 Two examples of servers that need to have maximum uptime.

Companies as Facebook or Amazon need maximum uptime due to their services are globally
and they receive a big number of requests permanently.

6.1.3 Explain what fault tolerance is and specify three types of fault tolerance that
might be used to provide high availability to a server

Fault Tolerance is the capacity of a system or equipment to have an alternative option to

keep providing service when the main system fails.
Examples:
- A server could have a UPC that is activated when the energy supply fails.
- A second (or several) server that could work in case of fail or maintenance and avoid
downtime in this period.
- Data formats may also be designed to degrade gracefully. HTML for example, is
designed to be forward compatible, allowing new HTML entities to be ignored by Web
browsers that do not understand them without causing the document to be unusable.3

3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_tolerance#Examples

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