SEQUENCE-SERIES

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

3. Sum of interior angles of a n sided polygon
As a + c – 2b  0
=(n –2) × 180
1  1
n   
= [240  (n  1)5]  n = 9, 16 b a c
2 i.e. a, 2b, c are in H.P.
n = 16 is to be rejected. n s n
  s(s  1)
(T 16=120° + 15 × 5° = 195° > 180°) 18.   r    2
s 1  r 1  s 1
1 1 1 4
5. Horizontal 1   .....    1  n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1) 
4 16 1 3 
1 =
4 2  6 2 

1 n (n  1)  2n  1  3  1
1 1 1 2 =    12 n (n  1)(2n  4 )
Vertical   ..... = 2  4  3 
2 8 32 1 5
1 1 1 1
4  ,b ,c
a =
6 2 3
a  rd a  nd
10.   19. We have b 2 = ac ....... (i)
a  nd a  md
1  r(d / a) 1  n(d / a) d  3b   5c   a 
 Let  x
and 2log    log  a   log  3b 
 1  n(d / a) 1  m(d / a) a  5c     

 (1 + nx)2 = (1 + rx) (1 + mx)  5c a   5c   3b 

= log  .   log     log  
 (n2 –mr)x2 + (2n – r – m)x = 0  x =0  a 3b   3b   5c 

    3b  5
....... (ii)
 2n  r  m  2 3 log  0  b  3c
or x =   2n  r  m   5c 
 2    n(m  r) = n
 n  mr    n2 
 b 2 25c
 2  From (i) & (ii), we have a = 
c 9
n(m  r)
(m, n, r are in H.P.  mr = )
2 5c 8c 25c
Now, we have b  c  c   a
b a 3 3 9
14. a, A1,......... An, b. d
n 1 Hence a, b, c cannot form the sides of a triangle.
b  a an + a + b –a an  b 1 1
p = A 1= a + = = 23. x = 
n 1 n 1 n 1 1  cos 2  sin 2 
1 1 1 1
15. Given    = 0 1 1
a a  2b c c  2b y = 
2
1  sin  cos 2 
1 1  1 1 
  a  c  2b    c  a  2b  = 0 1
   
z =
 1 1  1  sin  cos 2 
2

 (a  c  2b)   0 above equation satisfy option (B) & (C).

 a(c  2b) c(a  2b) 

EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS

kx
[2a  (kx  1)d] S kx
S kx k[2a  (kx  1)d]
1.  2  Now is independent of x if 2a – d = 0
Sx x [2a  (x  1)d] Sx
[2a  (x  1)d]
2 d
 a
k[(2a  d)  kxd] 2

[(2a  d)  xd]
2.  +  +  = –3a,    = –c 1 6 1 2 3
6
 (64)     3
1 2 3 a b c
1 1 1 3b  
 +  + = 3 b     a b c
   
12. Using AM  GM,
2 1 3b
   (  in H.P) 1  a 1  a 21 1
  c  (1.a 1 .a 12 ) 3 2
 1  a1  a 1  3 a1
3
1 b c
     1  a 2  a 22  3 a 2  .....  1  a n  a 2n  3 a n
 c b
Multiplying these,
5. a1 + a10 = a2 + a9 = ..... = (a + b)
g1g10 = g2 g9 = ..... = ab (1  a  a 12 )....(1  a n  a 2n )  3 n (a 1 a 2 a 3 ....a n )  3 n.1

5(a  b)  4(a  b)  3(a  b)  2(a  b)  (a  b) 13. Let a1, a1 + d1, a1 + 2d1,........ and b 1, b1 + d2,
 b1 + 2d2,........ be two A.P.'s
ab
 a 100 = a 1 + 99d 1 , b 100 = b 1 + 99d 2
(a  b) 30  2ab  Adding a100 + b100 = a1 + b 1+ 99(d1 + d2)
= 15
ab

h  h  a  b 
  or 100 = 100 + 99(d 1 + d 2 )
n  d1 + d2 = 0 or d1 = –d2
7.  (2r  1)  n 2
r 1
c+ 1  option (B) gives an + bn
a+ 1 = a1 + (n – 1)d1 + b1 + (n – 1)d2
 a = 2n – 1
= a 1 + b 1 = 100
a 1 b+ 1 option (C) is obviously true.
 n
2 100
Now  (a r  b r )  100(a 1  b1 )  10 4
 (a + 1) 2 + (b + 1) 2 =(c + 1)2 r 1

= 8 = 6 = 10 (  a+b+c = 21) 18. a + b + c = xb

 a = 7 b=5 c=9 a c
Divide by b, 1   x
Hence G = 9 L=5 b b

G–L=4 & a – b = 2 1
or  1  r  x where r is common ratio of G.P..
11. G.M.  H.M. r
 r2 + r(1 – x) +1 =0
1
6 since r is real & distinct  D > 0
(a.b.b.c.c.c) 6 
1 1 1 1 1 1
      (1 – x)2 – 4 > 0  x2 – 2x – 3 > 0
a b b c c c or (x + 1)(x – 3) > 0  x > 3 or x < –1

EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS

Fill in the blanks : 1 2 2 2

6. Tn =   
1 1 1 1  2 n(n  1) n(n  1) n n  1
4. 2
 2  2  2 ........  2
1 2 3 4 6
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Now   ........ S n  Tn     ........  
12 3 2 5 2 1 2 2 3 n n 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1  2
  2  2  2 ......   2  2  2 ........ Sn = 2   S = 2
1 2
2 3 4 2 4 6  n 1
Match the Column :
2 1  1 1 1 
=    ........ 
6 2 2  12 2 2 3 2  2. (A) Sn = 4 + 11 + 22 + 37 ......... Tn

2 1 2 2 Sn = 4 + 11 + 22 + 37 ......... Tn
=  . 
6 4 6 8 Tn = 4 + 7 + 11 + 15 + ......... n terms
 (n  1) 6. S = n2 + 2n2 + 5n2 + ......... T n .......(i)
T n = 4+ (14  (n  2)4) = 1  2n 2  n
2 S =       n2 + 2n2 + 5n2 + ...... Tn .......(ii)
(i) – (ii)  Tn = n2 + n2 + 3n2 +...... n terms
(B) | 12 – 2 2 + 3 2 – 4 2.......... 2n terms|
Tn = n2 + n2(n – 1) 2
= |(1–2)(1+2)+(3 – 4)(3+4)+(5 – 6)(5+6)| now successice difference in A.P.
= |–3 –7 –11 –15 ........n terms|  Tn = an 2  bn  c
= 3 + 7 + 11 + ....... n terms St.-II is correct.
Comprehension # 2 :
n  n
  (6  (n  1)4 )   (4n  2)  (2n 2  n ) a + b + c = 5 (a, b, c > 0) x2y3 = 243 = 35
2  2
b b b
(C) 3 + 7 + 11 + 15 .......... = 2n2 + n a    c  3 1 5
3 3 3 ab c
1.   ( AM  GM)
(D) Coefficient of xn is 5  27 
ab 3 c
2n(n  1)  15   ab 3 c  27
–2(1+ 2 + 3 +...term)=–  (n2  n) 27
2
2. Using AM  HM
Assertion & Reason : b b b
a    c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 5
    
b ab c b ab c  2 1 1 5 1 3 3 3 1
1. St.-I :
2 1 2 1 1 1  b  a  c     
a b b b c
   
1 1
b a b c c a  
5 1 9 1
c c a a a c c a  
       a b c
=
b a b c b a c  3. Using AM  GM
2 x2  y  y  y  1 1
a  c  c a 1a c  c a  (x 2 .y.y.y.1) 5
         2      >4 5
2ac  a c  2  c a  a c  1
 x 2  3y  1  5.(243) 5
 15
1 1
[ x +  2 when x > 0, x  ] But x2, y  1, hence x2 + 3y + 1 > 15
x x
xxyyy 1 5
St.-II is False  Numbers should be positive 4.  (x 2 y 3 ) 5 
5 2 3
4. St.-I : (AM)(HM) = (GM) 2 
x y
True for any 3 numbers in G.P. 2x  3y 5 xy
 3
St.-II : False if number are not in G.P. 5 3x  2y

EXERCISE - 04 [A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

1. a x = b y = c z= d u Taking log, 2 1 1 1 1 
=    .......  
2 3
x log a  y log ar  z log ar  u log ar   a1  a n  a1 a 2 a 3 an 
13. 2s = a + b + c  a + b – c = 2s – 2c
 a, b, c, d in G.P. 2s  2c  2s  2a  2s  2b
    3
  log a,  log ar,  log ar 2 ,  log ar 3 1
x y z u  (a  b  c)(b  c  a)(c  a  b)  3

which are in A.P. Hence x, y, z,  in H.P. (Using AM > GM, a  b  c)

9. a1 + an = a2 + an–1 = a 3 + an–2 ...............
2s 1

1  a1  an a2  an 1 a3  an 2 a a    (a  b  c)(b  c  a )(c  a  b)  3

=    ....  1 n  3

a1  an  a1an a2 an 1 a3 an 2 an a1  1
 (a  b  c)  3 (a  b  c)(b  c  a)(c  a  b)  3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 (a  b  c)  27  a  b  c  b  c  a  c  a  b 
3
=     .......   
a 1  a n  a n a 1 a 2 a n 1 a1 a n 
 bc ac 1
Total number of terms upto nth row
 2 2
14. a b   abc   bc  ac  2c ....(i) n(n  1)
  1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... + n
2  ab  a b 2
ac ab Total number of terms upto (n – 1)th row
Similarly   2a ....(ii) (AM  GM)
b c n(n  1)
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... (n –1) 
ab bc 2
  2b ....(iii) Sum of nth row = S n  S n 1
c a
Now add (i), (ii) & (iii), 2 2
 n(n  1)   n(n  1) 
 ab bc ca  =   2 
2     2(a  b  c)  2   
 c a b 
n2 n2
= (n  1)2  (n  1) 2   4n  n 3
15. 1 4 4
3 5
7 9 11
13 15 17 19

EXERCISE - 04 [B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

1 1 1 3. rs= 0 r s  rs  1 if r = s
2. (a)    ...
1.4.7 4.7.10 7.10.13 n n
6(6 n  1)
1  2 r 3 r   6 r  6  6 2  6 3  ...6 n  5
Tn = r 1 r 1
(3n  2)(3n  1)(3n  4)
1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9
1  1 1 1 9. S  2  3  4 ......... ..... (i)
  2 2 2 2
3n  1  3n  2 (3n  4)  6
 1  1.3 3.5 5.7
 1 1 1 S    2  3  4  ......  ..... (ii)
=   6 2  2 2 2
 (3n  2)(3n  1) (3n  1)(3n  4)  (i) – (ii) gives
1  1 1 1 1 1 S 1 1.3 3.4 4.5 4.7
S n=  1.4  4.7  4.7  7.10  (3n    3  4 ..........
6  2)(3n 1) (3n 21)(3n2 4 ) 2 2 2 2
..... (iii)

1  1 1 1 1 1 1  S 1.3 3.4 4.5

6 1.4  4.7  4.7  7.10  (3n  2)(3n  1) – (3n  1)(3n  4)  4
 2  3  4 ..........
2 2 2
..... (iv)
 
(iii) – (iv) gives
1 1 1 
=
6  4  (3n  1)(3n  4 )  S 1.3 3.3 4.2 4.2
    2  3  4 ..........
4 2 2 2 2
1
now S 
  
24
S 3 9 4.2  1 
(b) Tn = n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3)   2  3  
4 2 2 2  1 
1 1 
= [n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) ((n + 4) – (n – 1))]  2 
5
S 3 9 23
  2   S  23
1 4 2 4 4
= [n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4)
5
– (n – 1) (n) (n +2) (n + 3)] x 2x 3x 2
11. (a) 1     ...
x  1 (x  1)(x  2) (x  1)(x  2)(x  3)
1 
Tn =   n(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)(n  4)
5  x  2  3x 2
 1  1    ...
1 1 1 1  x 1  x  2  (x  1)(x  2)(x  3)
(c) Tn =  
4n 2  1 2  2n  1 2n  1 
x2 3x 2
 1   ...
1 1  (x  1)(x  2) (x  1)(x  2)(x  3)
Sn  1
2  2n  1 
x2  3 
 1 1
S 
1 (x  1)(x  2)  x  3 
2
 x3 Sn = (2 n 1  3) = (22 + 23 + .... 2n+1) –3n
 1
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3)
.............................................  2n  1 
= 22  n 2
  3n  2  4  3n
.............................................  2  1 
xn (b) S = 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + ...... Tn
 1
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3)......(x  n) S= 6 + 13 + 22 + ............. Tn
13. LHS = 9 + 8 × 10 + 8 × 102 ..... + 8 × 10n–1 Tn = 6 + 7 + 9 + 11 .......
+4 × 10n + 4 × 10 n+1 .... + 4 × 10n+n–1 = 1 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 .......
n 1 n
1  10 1  n  10  1  n
= 9  8  10    4  10   = 1 + (10+(n–1)2) = n2 + 4n + 1
 9   9  2
81  8  10 n  80  4  10 2 n  4  10 n 1
= Sn = Tn  n(n  1)(2n  13)  n
9 6

1  4  10 n  4  10 2 n a b c
 
= bc ac ab  3
9 15. 3 bc ac ab
n n
2  
3  6  10  1  2  10  a b c
=  
9  3  a b c
 
bc ac ab  3
1 (10 n 1  1) 63  6  10 n  60
RHS = 7  6  10 = 3 b a c a c b
9 9     
a b a c b c
3  6  10 n 1
=  (1  2  10 n ) a b c
9 3    a b 
bc a c a b  3
14. S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...... Tn  b  a  2 
3 6  
S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + .............Tn
a b c 3
0 = 1 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + ......... Tn   
bc a c a b 2
Tn = 1  4(2 n 1  1)  2 n 1  3

EXERCISE - 05 [A] JEE-[MAIN] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

a
2. = 20 ... (i) (S m ) IAP m2 Tm 2m  1
1r 9.  (S ) = 2 then T =
n IIAP n n 2n  1
a2 a6
= 100 ... (ii) 2  6 1 11
1  r2 so a 21 = 2  21  1 = 41
from (i) and (ii) 12. a + ar = 12 ... (1)
a ar 2 + ar 3 = 48 ... (2)
= 5 ( a = 20(1 – r) by (i))
1r ar 2 (a + ar) = 48 ... (3)
20(1  r ) so r 2 = 4 a(1 + r) = 12
 = 5 r = 2 a(3) = 12
1r
 5r = 3  r = 3/5 because +ve G.P. a4
6. Given that A.M. = 9 and G.M. = 4
2 6 10 14
If ,  are roots of quadratic equations then 13. S 1     .......
3 32 33 34
quadratic equation is
x2 – x( + ) +  = 0 ... (1) 1 1 2 6 10
S   2  3  4  ......
3 3 3 3 3

A.M. = = 9
2
  +  = 18 ... (2) 2 1 4 4 4 4
S  1   2  3  4  5  ......
G.M. =  = 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
  = 16 ... (3) 4 4/9 4 2 6
=  =    2  S = 3
so the required equation will be 3 1 3 3 3
1
x 2 – 18x + 16 = 0 3
14. 4500 = 150 × 10 + {148 + 146 + ... upto n terms} 17. Statement–1 :
(1 3 –0 3 ) + (2 3 –1 3 ) + (3 3–2 3 ) + .... + (20 3–19 3 )
n
= 1500 + {296 + (n – 1) (– 2)}
2 = 20 3 = 8000
Statement–1 is true.
 n 2 – 149 n + 3000 = 0
 (n – 24)(n – 125) = 0 Statement–2 :
n
 n = 24  n  125
 k 3  (k  1)3 = (1 3 – 0 3) + (2 3–1 3) + (3 3–2 3)
So total time taken = 10 + 24 = 34 min. k 1

15. Saving after first 3 month = 600 + .... n3 + (n – 1) 3 = n3 .

Statement–2 is true and Statement–2 is a correct
 240  280  .... 
600 +   = 11040 explanation of Statement–1.
 let n month 
18. 100T 100 = 50T 50
|240 + 280 + ...... n terms| = 10440
n/2 [480 + (n – 1)40] = 10440 100 (a + 99d) = 50(a + 4d)
n {440 + 40n} = 20880 a + 149d = 0
n 2 + 11n – 522 = 0
n = 18, –29 (–29 rejected) T 150 = a + 149d = 0
Total months = n + 3 7 77 777
18 + 3 = 21 Months 19. S    .....
10 100 1000
100
16.  a 2r = a 2 + a 4 + a 6 + ...... + a 200 =  7 10  1 100  1 1000  1 
S     ....
r 1 9  10 100 1000 
= (a + d) + (a + 3d) +....+ (a + 199d) = 
100
7  1  1  10 20  
 20    
 a 2r 1 =  = a 1 + a 3 + .... + a 199 =  9  10  9 / 10  
r 1

= a + (a + 2d) + ..... + (a + 198d) =  7 1 20  7

100

9 9

20  1  10 =
 81

(179  10 20 )
[a + d + a + 199d] = 
2
 50(2a + 200d) =  ...... (1)
100
[a + a + 198d] = 
2
 50(2a + 198d) =  ...... (2)
(1) – (2)
 –  = 50(2d)

 
= d =
100
EXERCISE - 05 [B] JEE-[ADVANCED] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

x x k 1
6. = 5  5 – 5r = x  r = 1 – 1
1r 5 18. Sk  k!  for k  2, S 1 = 0
1 (k  1)!
x x 1
As |r| < 1 i.e. 1  < 1; – 1 < 1 – <1 k
5 5
100 2 100
1
–5 < 5 –x < 5 = –10 < – x < 0 = 10 > x > 0 Now 100!
  k2  3k  1  .
(k  1)! + S 1
k 2

i.e. 0 < x < 10

100 2 1 100
1 1
ab 2ab 100 !

1!
  
(k  3)! (k  1)! + 0
k3
13. A1 = ; G1 = ab ; H 1 = a  b
2
 1
A n 1  H n 1  S 2  1! 
An = ; Gn = A n 1 H n 1
2
1002 1 1 1 1 1 1
2A n 1 H n 1 = 1        ...
Hn = A 100! 0! 2! 1! 3! 2! 4!
n 1  H n 1
1 1
We know that G 2 = AH  
97! 99 !
So clearly G1 = G2 = G3 = .... Gn = ab 100 2 1 1
= 3 
14. A 2 is AM of A1, H 1 and A 1 > H 1 100 ! 98 ! 99 !
100 2 100
 A1 > A2 > H1 = 3 3
100 ! 99 !
A3 is A.M. of A 2, H 2 19. a1 = 15
 A2 > A3 > H2 27 – 2a 2 > 0
ak = 2a k – 1 – a k –2
 k = 3, 4, 5 .... 11
 A 1 > A 2 > A 3 .... 2 2 2
a  a  ........a
1 2 11
 90
15. as above 11
a  a k 2
A1 > H2 > H1 a k 1  k
2
A2 > H3 > H2 all a i (i = 1, 2, ........ 11) are in A.P.
Let the numbers are
.............................. (a 6+5d), (a 6 +4d),......, a 6,...., (a 6 – 4d), (a –5d)
so ..... H 3 > H 2 > H 1 11a 26  110d 2  990
a 6 = 15 – 5d
 H 1 < H 2 < H 3 .....
a 26  10d 2  90
16. Let a 1 = a, a 2 = ar, a 3 = ar 2 , a 4 = ar 3 2 2 2
(15 – 5d) + 10d =90   7d – 30d + 27 = 0
Now b 1 = a, b 2 = a + ar, b 3 = a + ar + ar 2 9
 d = 3,
b 4 = a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 7
so b, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P. for d = 3     a 2 = 12 (possible)
for d = 9/7  a 2 = 13.7 (not possible
& nor in H.P. since a 2 < 13.5)
so S(I) is true & S(II) is False. a 1  a 2  ...  a 11
a6 = 0  = a6 = 0
17. Sn = cn2 11
20. As a > 0
Sn–1 = c(n–1) 2
and all the given terms are positive
Tn = Sn–Sn–1 = c (2n – 1) hence considering A.M. > G.M. for given numbers :
T 'n = Tn2 = c2 (4n2–4n+1) a 5  a 4  a 3  a 3  a 3  a 8  a 10
2 7
2  4n  1 
 n
T   nc  3  1


 a 5 .a 4 .a 3 .a 3 .a 3 .a 8 .a 10  7
 a 5  a 4  a 3  a 3  a 3  a 8  a 10 1 (n  1).4 1 4(n  1)
 1   0  
7 5 19  25 5 25  19
 a 5
 a 4  3a 3  a 8  a 10  min
= 7 5  19 99
–5 –4 –3 8 10  1  n  n
where a = a = a = a = a i.e. a = 1 4 4
–5 –4 –3 8 10
 (a + a + 3a + a + a + 1)min = 8 when  least positive integer n is 25.
a = 1 23. Sn= –12 – 22 + 32 + 42 – 52 – 62 + 72 + 82 .......
21. Consider d  0 the solution is Sn = (32 – 12) + (42 – 22) + ............
a 1, a 2, a 3 , ............, a 100  AP Sn = 2(1 + 2 + 3 +........ + 4n)
p
2(4n)(4n  1)
a1 = 3 ; Sp = a
i 1
i 1  n  20 
2
m = 5n S n  4n  4n  1 
m Sn = 4n(4n + 1) = 1056 is possible when n = 8
[2a 1  (m  1)d]
Sm
 2 4n (4n + 1) = 1088 not possible
Sn n
[2a 1  (n  1)d] 4n(4n + 1) = 1120 not possible
2
4n(4n + 1) = 1332 possible when n = 9.
S m 5[(2a 1  d)  5nd] 24. When 1 and 2 are removed from numbers 1 to

Sn [(2a 1  d)  nd] n then we get maximum possible sum of remaining
Sm numbers and when n –1,n are removed then we
for to be independent of n
Sn get minimum possible sum of remaining numbers.
 2a 1 – d = 0  d = 2a 1  d = 6 n(n  1) n n  1 
 a2 = 9    2n  1   1224  3
2 2
If d = 0  a2 = a1 = 3
22. a 1,a 2,a 3..........be in H.P n 2  n  2454  0
  2
1 1 1 n  3n  2446  0
 , , .... be in A.P..
a1 a 2 a 3 n  50
   n  50
n  50
1 1 1 1
in A.P. T1   and T20   Now let x and x + 1 be two consecutive numbers
a1 5 a 20 25
 T20 = T1 + 19d 50  50  1 
  x  x  1  1224
2
1 1 4
  19d  d    x = 25
25 5 19  25
Tn = T1 + (n – 1)d < 0  25th and 26th cards are removed from pack
 k = 25  k – 20 = 5