Facutty or Crvit Law (1734) CRIMINAL LAW 2019 GOLDEN NOTES FACULTY OF CIVIL LAW UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS MANILA‘The UST GOLDEN NOTES is the annual student-edited bar review ‘material of the University of Santa Tomas, Faculty of Civil Law. ‘Communications regarding tire Notes should be addressed to the Academics Committee of the Team: Bar-Ops. Address: Academics Committee UST Bar Operations Faculty of Civil Law University of Santo Tomas Espaiia, Manila 1008, Tel.No: [02)731-4027 (02) 406-1611 loc. 8578 Academics Committee Faculty of civil Law University of Santo Tomas Espana Manila 1008 All rights reserved by the Academics Committee of the Faculty of Civil Law of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, the Catholic University of the Philippines. 2019 Edition. No portion ofthis material may be copied or reproduced in books. pamphlets, outlines ‘or notes, whether printed, mimeographed, typewritton, copied indifferent electronic devises ar in any ather form, for distribution or sale, without a written permission. copy of this materlal without the corresponding code either proceeds from an illegal Source or is in possession of one who has no authority to dispose the same no. 1 Printed in the Philippines July 2039.ACADEMIC YEAR 2019-2020 CIVIL LAW STUDENT COUNCIL, Lyopyente 9. cawaRag PRESIDENT [MARIA FRANCES FAVER, GUTIERREZ INTERNAL VICE PRESIDENT KRYSTAL GAWLER. DIGAY ‘SECRETARY ‘TEAM: BAR-OPS NICOLE MARIE. conTEs CHAIRPERSON MARVLOU RENZIM, OLOTEO Vice-cHAIRPERSON CHUSTINEJovCE. ANDRES SECRETARY KRIZA NINA Ds MALALUAN asst srenrtany HLOUISA ANN DC CARREON HEAD, PUBLICRELATIONS OFFICER CLARIT. MENDOZA. ASST. HEAD, PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER "LUSH ELAINE D. BAYOT HEAD, FINANCE CONDMITTEE JOSEPHINE GRACE WANG ead, HOTEL ACCOMODATIONS COMMITTEE PATRICIA AED, GUILLERDIO ASST. HEAD, HOTEL AeCOMODATIONS COMMITTEE RAFAEL JEROME MENDOZA ASST. HEAD, HOTEL ACCOMODATIONS CONDITTES IIYNA MATHEAN.cANLAS ASST HEAD, HOTEL ACCOMODATIONS, COMMITTEE MARSHAN DEIN. GUALBERTO ASST HEAD, HOTEL ACCOMODATIONS, CONMITTEE IKIERJOHNY.UY Locisties COMMITTEE GLENN MATTHEW @ MANLAPID Locasties commarrre ‘VAN ANGELO K-RESPICIO Locisties commarrres AMES ROSS LTA Loctstics cova TreE LOUELE JUDE. QUE Locisties covaarrreE MON FRANEIS A, TOLER TINO SENIOR MEMBER ‘CLARA LOUISSE YUMA. SENIOR MEMBER Jocurastaniet 7 cUADES SENIOR MEMBER {JORREMIAN KRIZIAHE. BATALLER SEMOR MEMBER ATTY. AL CONRAD B.ESPALDON “ADVISEROUR DEEPEST APPRECIATION TO OUR MENTORS AND INSPIRATION JUSTICE EDILBERTO G. SANDOVAL JUDGE OSCAR B. PIMENTEL JUDGE RICO SEBASTIAN D. LIWANAG JUDGE PHILIP A. AGUINALDO ATTY. VICTORIA C. GARCIA JUDGE PEDRO T. DABU, JR. For being our guideposts in understanding the intricate sphere of Criminal Law. “Acadennies Committee 2019TABLE OF CONTENTS "Based on 2019 Bar syllabus PART REVISED PENAL CODE (RPC) BOOK 1 FUNDAMEWTAL AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN CRIDINALLAW.covcsonaeseven Definition of rial Law. 1. Nelsin Se ands Prohie. B. Applicablty and Efectivy ofthe 1 General. 2 Teena. 3. prospecnty FELONIES, 1A. Caimi Liabilities and Folones.- 1. Cssifietioneffelaioe nnn 2. Slement of einai, 3. Imposible ct ne 4 Stages execution, 5. Comtinaingenmes 6 1 amples ios compost cree nana 8 Greumstances atteting Criminal Lily estiyingeamataces or 2. Bxempsing ircumstercen 3. igang crcumsances. 4 é Agnravating creumssaners ons Abfoltery enue rennnonn 6. Potsons Liable and Degree ofartcipaion.nooronen 1. Pelasgls accomplice and acessories. 2. Mullen enna 3._Opstricdon ofjusice Seon, renee Ee a rR 1. RAtio 9346 Act Prohibiting the impodtion of Death Petal inthe Philippine 05 4. Chassifcation.. ee 06 ©. Duratlonand fife anna “67 D. Application neces 90 1 Indeterminate Sertonce law (Net Ho 4163, as aenend 2. Three Pe vrnmnnnn nan 3. subsidiny imprison E. GomputationorPenatties F eecaton aniservie procuce some elle in the estarnal world being unneceeory that de rane be aenally prodhced se the posbiliy of ts preduction icine (Reyes, 2022) ‘Omission as contemplated in criminal aw ‘An onision contemplated in crninal low ‘pans ration; hofaure to peor a postive Aut which one istounro do, There mast bea low rogirng the doing or performance of 3 duty. eyes 2027) Examples: Mipision of teason, fille of an accountable ofcerto render eects Elements of flonies (BAR 2015) Univesity or Santo Tomas Paceury or Civat Lave1 Anactor omission; CRIMINAL LAW, 2 Punishableby Ue Revised Pera Code; 5. Theactisperformedorthe omission neuced iny means of decor faut (apie. Gerzes, Gata 89782, March 13.1990) ind orfelontes 1. Intentional feontes (Dolo) ~ comiied with dotherte intent eae Iasay to ‘nother (wines) 2 Gxlpable felonies (Culpa) - whee she ‘wrongful acs recut rem anprodenca, aglgene lak of foresight er lava (onitonional without maticn) Intentional flony vies Neghigont folony (GAR 1099, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2030), fer sear erence ie [i fia lye ieate |e fear [ee swe ss feast a ee oe paras bee ance asim ral fiercest ton ‘fscoun Vrone” [rate s oe commited pan eectice tah Astyef be ograqar tonto ienedola Requisite o alo 1. Griminelintont(ners ea) ~the parpose riosar meant to fet such fate Inet to comma actor een, ting purely amen process ie presued fem the. prool ef commision of ah Ailewful ace A mona ate, hence, ie ‘sstncoie shown by over at NOTE: fherois NO criminal neste act {a jsted. Oefonder incurs NO cvmial sty. BE breasirversaaro tomas 2019 Go.veN Noves 2, Freedom of ection - volurtaciness onthe part of the person to comnit the at of TWOTE: If there i lack of freedom, the eer is zee om Babi. 5. Imetgence- means the capacity to know undersané the consequences a8 moray fhm aes [NOTE I there slack of inceligence. the tlenderis zee om Babi. Requisitos of cpa 1. Criminal naghgence on the part of the lender, thai, he ceime waste resultoF tuligonce, reise inpradeen, lade forsignter okt sit 2, Freotom of action on the part of the fender, tot he was not Acting unter dutessane ‘Intelligence on the part ofthe offender in performing tio neglgentec eligence Deficiency in perception or lec ef foresight ot falure te pay proper stnton and to use due Aligence in lerssecing inary oF camage 16 be cated prudence Defeleney inaction er lack fs fate to tae necessary precaution Wo ae inary © ‘nother, ‘Meligencevis--vis imprudence Deflcimsy ofacuen | Deficency of perception oak oFlrosight [Lace ‘Crimes wie comnet be comited th ‘culpa (aeglgence or impedence) 1 Murder 2 Treason 3. robbery Malls ischBOOK I-FeLonies lelothecrininalinentr evilnirain general, | Crime may be commited without ermainat Ue deiukion factininal offense valves ee | Intent(BAR 1998), aty an acto omission and its consequences birabo theacconpanying mena satecfthe | A crhme may be conned without crainal stor (Bneopoeta Src) inten tsuchis AA neplipen: (ony, wheres inane Is examples: Sunstmuted by negligence crimpmidence 1b Amati ronan. 1. te eft one ene ve tHe tle propery delengng co anover with iment | Move gn 2 Ih falsfeation, the mene rea ss the | Itetemoring romero fore whieh pets Commision of frgary kth tent eo | persontos desnd ese pervert tetra 5 Inronbery, the mens ea isthe taking ef | Mowe as determinant of ertanal bitty DreperyBelongngtoanottereaupledwe | ($AR1999,2013) Eheermloymentofintinicston orate Upon peserser gs (GR: Moslve te neta element of ene and Intent rial abi Roles othe se of partic moans te elect | XPM Metvede torial whan ‘he dasied fest 11s mental state the | 1 Theses oringaboutvanant ermos: tsisence of whichis demontrated by the ove sesofapersen. Eg. Theos a need to detormine whether ddvece assaults presont, asin ofenses Categories of intent in ein! awe pict person in. authorey wher te ‘Souls commited we nog inthe 1. General eriminal Intent ~ te presumed pevlerrancsofhidutes From the mare doing ofe wrongact(orthe | 2 Thoidentiyeftheaceusedis doubts tras renal The dors ot reas pee 3. The evidence onthe commiadion of the ime s purely dcurnstantal, NOTE: In felonies by means of doi the | 4 Ta ascertaining the uch between two ‘ied clement of veluntariness ts general Ingoniste theories or versions of the Intene Kala and 5. Where ther are no eyewitnesses to the 2, Specific criminal intent tsvotpressied ime and where supilom i lly to all because isa nyreent or element of ‘pona numberof persons. thie Terustbe eget the information tnd ust be esabisted and proven by | NOTE: Good ath isnot a detease to the presenter, ‘reteclion acre polio NOTE: tn sone fons, poo! ef specie Tnteatisrequied te prodatethecrinesuch ts in easuatel and atenptel bomiide, | [Poving power whleh|Purpose to use 3 bia leer impale ee to acin]partculne anne co Presumpdon of criminal tent from the | [iis NOT an essen Genera, Te isan omission ofa al tt lement of acre serial lest of Hence it ee 107 be| ce oinnat tet 1s always presumed w ext | proved Tor prose Drovidea that eres proof orth cnwaision | _[efeanncton sn enact NOTE: Ths presumption cees na ase when ie the act permed Ie nfl Moreover te presumption canaiuysberebuted byprctat | mporcanc of casing the flores a5 to Earn. (BAR 2014) econ 5 Univensiry of Sayre Tomas Facuiry or civit LawCRIMINAL LAW. Todeeemine: ‘Whether these floes ca be composed ret (are 48 BPC) 2 The prestiption of the rime and the prescripionaf the penaly (re 90 8), 3 Whneher the accessory is Table (re 16 ReGr 4 Theduraion ofthe subsiiny penalty re 5900). #0 “The cation of the deterion sn case a faire te post the bon to keep the peace (are ss). (6 The preper penalty nr quachotenses (art 365 par 1.80), Claeiieations of olonor according to their eaviy 1 Grove thovee which the nw ataches the ‘aplal puvshment or peraltes whieh in ny of thor pr aro fictive, in Secordarc with Art 25 ofthe RDC (FC. Ane, port). 2. ese grave —thove which th ae punishes ‘with patie which in thir msds Povied are corrections a aesareance ith Bx 25 of tbe RPC (Are 9, par 2, RF). NOTE The criminal can ati be febbitatel and hence canbe the subjoct Sf probation “and Aloreatve Dispute Resalation insofar as the ol apes Is Light those faftacions of low for the ‘ommision of wih the peal of rvesto Ienorer fine nt exceeding 4,000 poses trboth s provided (RFC AP. 2 par.3~ 05 ‘mended by A Ma 10851, Auguse29 2017) Factors to be considered ia imposing & ‘eral for felonies punished uader RPC 2. ‘Thedegresotpardctpaton; and ‘SThepresence afaterding cewsstancs. NOTE For specal pol ins, ke must be ‘express proved thatthe aforementioned fete ate toe considered Persons lable for grave or less grave tolomtes “The princi acomplces and accessories. Bo paige ‘Wher light felonie see punishable GR: Light felonies ae punishable only when they are consummated eg, An ate to conesal one's ve name tinier the Ze! pars of Ark. 178 is not Fanishble, Aso. an attempt t commit Plats aod Scandals (ve 158 RPO). RATIO: ic involves tastgaltant moral and terial Inkres, aot consummated, the ‘arone done is so sghe tata pesaky “Tnecessry (orehe De ins peice. PN: Arle 7 proves that ght felonies are Danichalo in al stger When commited gone persons or propery. NOTE: Hownver, ie pple revision fs not ahaaye 2g Ifthe fencer ie only an accomplice and ‘Mereare wo or mare mitigating creamsaeces Swthout any "compenesting agg, ‘reonstans, the appropriate pay wil b> ‘wo cegree lower tut be aot thatthe Denaly Tower than arene meray public ecu. There fs ne two degras Tow than Persons table intight flonioe Only the principals and hoi accomplice are ‘yale forthe cenmisstonof ight eres ‘Accesorios are ret able forthe commision of lghtfleies (86, re. 29) Grimes consered alight felonies Slight physical injuries (Art. 266) ‘hele (AP 3D, pas. 7 aad 8); ‘teat of boundary maths (APL 343) Malis misee (AIC 329, pa. 3, Are 329,par. 2) 5. nuriguisagsinstoner (Ar. 36H: 3d 6 lanasatd Sands (are 155) NOTH Ione assists in the escape of another ‘nho commited Aste and Seanush be Isnt lable under RPC but ray be lable ue FO TTS OF CRININAL LIABILITY: Criminal abtty (BAR 1997, 1999, 200%, 2004, 2009),BOOK |-FeLonies Coil biti incurred by any person: 1 Commitinga felony although the wrong fet done be diferent rom that wich he Intended (RPG Art per 1) 2 Performing en 2c which would be an fleas agaast persors property, were it fot for the laherene mpossbilyof its secomplsiment er en account of the employment of adequate or eect ‘ans (RPCAP par 2. Requistes ofthe Preximate Cause Doctrine (ec, att par. 1, 1, That an fntentional felony has been Const ae 2, Thatthesrreng done wotneazzrtove party be" te ire atral ant lege anseqoace of te Tory commie by the onder (US. Hebe GaN. 3925, Dee 25, 1505). ‘When considered asthe “rect natural and logics consequence” a! the flonioue act 1 Bl waseticint ceo dst 2. Blew aeeerted dest 9¢ 4 Blew nse procmate cour of daath gs, 2017) QImanact te dciplne his chil the thor hime that the death of he eb wae not Intondodby hi. lehizcontentioncorrea? ‘A: WO. Nets able under Art-A(t) of eR In ‘ote thats person maybe emily befor ely fron from that hi he stonded to commit it is indapensable (a) that felony ‘was commited and (6) that the wrong done to Theeggreved pron be the direc eoneeyams ofthe ilme comuited by tbe perptretor. In beating hs om and inlting upon Mi phys injuries, he eomited a felony. Av dre censequence of the beating aired by the ‘ie he cape Ms tai adit fr Ue eath of ls son is ds car [Poop Sle, (GR No 177208 October 3, 2011 Causes which may produce a result different fom that which the ofender intended Liseae in ident (error iapersonee)-Te lender nets te injury om one person ba {he haty felon anew hs stan the lence victim was not a the Scene of the ine Example: A. wanting to Kil B, elled insten. (BAR 2003, 2015) NOTE: There ate only we. persers Involved: acta bur unintended vet, ithe offen. [BPPECT: Ar. 4906 RPC 1 depends hen the intended ecme a the rime acallycomeitedare punished with ‘erent penalties (Rees 2017) ‘i yunshed wih same penalies no eect GG. A pushed wih lierent penaies, the lesser penalty shallbe posed iis maxiaamn Deri tbeeomes a mieatrgeecastance). NPN: AA pt 2 stake blow (aereatofess)-& parse ‘areca the bles 3 an Intended stim, But boesuse of poor aim, tat BOW led en Someoody alse. In aberrations the nerced can of tho cae (A, thot 8, Bat becase af lac of precision, it Csnstead) (BAR 1995, 1994, 1995, 1999,2015) NOTE: Tae ae three persone involeat seta itn, _ [BFFECT:therear wo comes commited: Agta he intended victim: atempted stowefthelonr bb Aganstheacevavictin:the consummated orfrustoted felony a2 the cae may be, NOTE:Itmay giv ree toa corpleerine under An Asince reali Foms rings 3. Inertous consequences ere greater than thet intonded. (praetor incctioner)-The Injury leon thentended vite bu the resin anrequnce aso gre sarong what ene Intended I is escent Cat tere i 9 rote AUsparty between the means employed ofthe fact af the offender and the felony. which fesuted, ‘This means thatthe resin een cant be foreseen fom the set of the offender. (A, ‘nthout tet hl track the iti cn the theca te vii oll dwn aa Ns head onthe pavemen:) University or Saxro Temas Facuury or Civit Law eCRIMINAL LAW. Mvineniaeiansniortivessin | plolalgelettna Peed ‘An honest mistake of fact destroys the teu? | Sracts ce, | wens | Eran =e i SE sin. ae: aed rors etre, [rm og | | Shunt ne at aed ae drome |sstzre |rmuesem | | ete at dor hte gand tu noes rar | Gaius | | Senet crac austtie | | vein). Shien btreccived no sent He then al aha nadernet ara kitchen Imife and stabbed the intruder whe Nerralaoerr sae toric | Mrtey ia and bed eters ‘2M. hr wor me ef a ef eAamanwentonsdeningsps. nie | {MOA Soortiet ent se ene: wee Se ee ee have been justified in kill the intruder unser Geteres ot hemo nmemtomorating | il epee 1S wah Iepraeterstentonem propery waked? “That case, which a aatiral and concinuoas No, pre meaionnis inp) | ce nohery ay fit trek fovokedecaie cis onetime heresca | Seles apbroben by any efficent teeing noatincrertyteween the memnzemibe) | Sra wou thw eered (Vu Sin he reuung (ly. The fcc Svea Se ee sare wraunesvereintictedonBishareycompmuine | get pagy tN? 10126 October 22 ‘th heen th ed tte coma Sogeaveavseonzasthatcamaited. B unmengeete ieBOOK I- FELontes ‘Asa ras the elfen eins able forall the consequences of is feloions 2c awh fet inteviod, if the feoniowe act the poerstecauce a he ory Requtstesof proximate cause “Te race. nara and lgist ene: Produces re jury damage: ‘Unbroken ty” any efcininervenng enced ‘With hed the rest wo! mot have ccure Diforence between proximate eause and Immediate couse nay be 2 ease which ar nd remte rom the consequence whic sats inte rten other esses that revue inthe {elon Prosimate cause foes yet recite that the ‘fender node to actly wud the body othe ‘fered prt. Ie is enough tat the offender sonerstedin the mindoftheafended porty he Ue hat race him rise hile Ata ma creates in another perso mind an inmedine sense of danger, which cusos such peroe to Uy to exape 20 ing the Iter ijureshinsef tae an who creates sack atte of isd seaport or the resin, injures (Pople Toling, GR 27097, jouary 173) Kant ¥ are cow members of 2 can vessel ‘They had a heated angarentX witha igi in hand threatened to Ril Y. The victim Y, tieving ise «0 be In hnmedate per tiew Himselt Into the water, ¥ led of ‘rownlng nds case. Xs Table for Homicide forthe deat ol¥, ven if eer causes cooperated n producing the al resutas lanes the weurd iced angerous, that i ealcuated 10 destroy oF freanger We the ser able, 1k is important that there be no efcent tmeervening ese Instances when the felony committed is not the proximate case ofthe reeuting nary n ‘The feeey commited not the prota cost fthe realy ry when: 1 There $2 a efeient ervey cause Detreen the fon commited and the ‘esultegiuryeor 2 Resulng nuty or damage Is due co the ‘rennin ofthe leu. Binelentinterveningeause Je an imervenig active force which is 2 fine ae ot face abso foreign rer the Ieonions at ore aeuse. @ cna and vilacorte were regubir fustomersatMendeja's store. At around (¥9 ‘cick in the morning of January 23, 2002, ‘while Cras eae ayn rad at Mende Fore, Vileorta sidenly appeared ad, ‘sithoututteringaword, stabbed Cruz onthe Ie seo Ea ody sing a sharpened catch him, When Mondoja retumed to her org, she eewr Aron romeving the broken ‘bamboo sce from Cra body. Mendefa find Aron tien brought Cruz te Tomo Medical Center and. was treated as an ‘ompatient Cruze laterbroughtte the San, [hitie. Nospial on february 14, 2002, ‘oer he died the following day of tetanus Infection secondary to stab wound, What the proximate ease forthe death of Crus? 1: The prosmate cause of Cr’ death is de {etanus infection, and not the seb wound ‘herbal been a interval of 2 days betweos ‘heesteof the sabbingand theaate wen Cruz ‘nas rushed te San Lazar Hospital xing Symptons of severe tetanus infection. I Cruz atcured sere teams infection fom the Stabbing, ten whe symptoms would ave sppecre ao scorer than 2 days later. Cra’s Sab wound was neely therenate cause and fe sutsayaentlafcion with etants maght have been the proximate case of Cruz death The lec of Crs sab waved by Tetanus was anefitent tervenag cause er Sr betwee the te Cruz vas stabbed to the Tine of his deat (People v Vilucora, GR. Ma 180512 Septonter 72013) 1 Aana Bhd quarrel and started hacking ach other.” wae wounded at te ack: Choler heads intervoned “and they were separated. Somehow, thie derences were patched up. A agreed to shoulder a the Univenstry or Santo Tomas gy acuity or civit LawCRIMINAL LAW, expenses for the treatment ofthe wound of By and to pay him hi lost income. Dy om the ‘other hand, signed a forgvencos in favor of ‘anid on that condition, he wire the ‘complaint tat be Sled against A. Aer se any weeks of treatment In 2 din “ Leaded. Taereatter, DB we he weed the wound alread ack to his farm, pre ‘Two menths tater, 8 came home culling. Before midnight, he died out of tetanus potsoniag. The heirs of B Mea case of hoateldeagainst ts A hablez ‘Az NO. Taking Into account the incubation pred of tars bacteria, medial evidence ‘Were presntes that tetanus tera f good ‘rly Fr tn wees Th, ich them faileted ty A. he would ot avy Ietod eo rronths ist breugh about tetanus tare thododyef Ww oe workingin i arm sing stare tance Fecaisahithe Seth {tho aetoll ofworsingin his farmushers the Zi fe thy using his wn hands ie am efeent Spervening cause which raleves Ao aay Habib forthe death of B.A, tll teeny Hable for phyeealijuriertalieted upon 8 (Ursane IMG No. 7256, January 7, 1859) Inofficiotintorvoning causes 2 a 4 5 ‘Thewoak phyicl condition ofthe vsti ‘The norveuaness or temperament ofthe Metin {Ces which aro inant in he vet, ‘suchas the atin’ nb to wi Refusal ofthe injured pry tobe subecte tomedialstencance Erronecus or ensalal medcal treatment NOTE: Although the above-mentioned Greanstances may have intervened ia the fomamision ofthe crite, the offender I stl Table for the resulting’ crime decause che Drocimate cause hs act remains stad these ‘Sheastanes reece. Death is presumed co be the natural ‘consequence of piysialnjariesnneted ‘The death ofthe vc is presumed to be the acral consequence of te physia ries Tnmtee. when” tie cllowing Bets ished Univensiry or sanro Tomas 2019 GoreeuNores 2 1, Thatehevictim at thotie the physist Injries were inflicted was in rors 2 That desth may be expected from the physialimuriesinfited, 3 That death ensued within a easonable re Hou Roquisites of an impossb 2008, 2008, 2009, 201, 2015) crime (BAR 1 Act performed would be on ffense ogsinst parsons or property (eee lst of eres Snder Tie and Tbe 10, Deck 2,80) 2. twas dane with evtinten X. Accmplobrcat & inberenlyinpeoible orimeans enplyed isle inadequate oF Inefectul- end [Ac performed ould not constute a ‘ation of nother provision of RFC NOTE: The offends must elev that he cat fenammotc the ltended eine, Aman Stabbing another who he Knew was alent eae cannet beable er an inpessible xe. Badnapping. Essence ofan impossibie crime ‘The essence of am impossible crime is the Inherent impossibly of accomplishing the inworhe nferentimpassiinwytde reas fnplyed io brirg about the cin Inbereacimpessibtty “Thatunderanyandallarcumstances thecrime ul ot have atertaoe herent imposebitiy 4. Legal impossibly occurs where the Intend ats, even completed would noe Sinount to 2 ime. (Eg bilng 9 dead person) 2, Paysteal_inpassiitiy= occurs where fstnecisGreuetices unin 69 te Sceucodprovinte the coneumvmation of The nerd etme. (Eg pik pocketeg 3m ‘mos walla.) Employment of inadequate meansBOOK I FELONIES ‘cis the useof meas whose quality er quay 'Stnsuteien: o produce hetutended eon). NOTE: The liference —_txcween aemped/trstaced crime std impossible {rime theta atemptedfeastatederine. the Ineans are sufficent and adequate but the Intended crimes ot rosie “Employment of neeetual means The eans expleyed_cannor in any way precise inteded crime. Eg poeaning 3 person ith ugar aly impocod on tapatsibi crimes ‘The penaky npsad shall be hat of arrest majorors fine. eon for pe aiagimpessible crimes ‘Ta teach the ofonder 3 Iss0n Because of hie criminal perversiy. Akhough objectively 20 ‘rime i commited, bat sabjectiray hes ‘simina NOTE: 1 spring of crivina aw thatthe ‘offender will only be penalized for an Inpossble xine if he cannet be punished tinder none wihe provision of the BPG An inpossblecrine nacre of ost resor. (9: Four culprits all armed with Grearmsand with Intent ce Kil, went to the Intended ‘ct’ house and after having pinpointed ihe later's bedroom, all four fred at and Filed sad reom with bullets, ching that the intended vicina already dere asi was about 10.00 in the evening. 10 so Happened thatthe intended viet did not ame heme that even and 50 fas not In her bedroom st tht. thne, War 1 an Impossible erime or attempted murder? ‘A: The SC eld that se els ae Hable forthe socalled npesible crime The factual staten In this ease presents 2 physical Impossbty whieh rendered the intended frie eypossble of seeonplshens. Uner Ire tthe RPC seh sseicent emake the act an imposible crime (Itedv. CA. GH Ma 1118, Ozer 21, 1982) Hore naw, ele Qi A.acollectorofMega Foam fil to rot fo the company 3 check whieh was given to heraspayment fora merchandice, she tied {0 deposit the check, but he found out that {he check bounced, Whit crime was commited? ‘A Thecrtme commited isan impossible crime ofthe The er inten cannot be dried a9 Ue tne act of unlawful aking Ue check meant for Meta Foam showed her incent gain or be ng enriid. Were uc for He fat that ‘echeckbounced, she weuldhave received Ue fee value tre. which was et ply hers Thereore, Ke was only due. to whe freraneaus csumstance of the check elne nko = act anno to the case 3 the fie, that prevented the crane from ein produced. Tw dung unlawful taken 9p the cused tured out oe solely wert, Deca te chock ws seentalydshanore, ‘ne Mega Foam hs recount cash torepses ‘he vaio of ead cithonered chock ecto Pople, Ra 162540, Jy 2008) (Bacay always resented his lacmata J. Sneday addy plannedt ll fumby mining poison in his hunch, Net knowing where he fam get_ poison, he. approached) anethor tlasomate Jerry to whom he diseased his ft plan. Because he himself harbored Fesentnent tard Jan, erty gave Buddy a poison, which Buddy paced on fan's fe Revenue de becauseyunnewe, te’ beth Buddy and Jerry, the pelson wos tually powdered mile What rime oF times i any dd Jerry and Buddy commit? (an 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2002) [A Jenry and Buddy ae lable for the so-alled Impossible cime because, wih teat co Il, ‘ey teed to poson Jun ape thes perpetrate turer crime agaist persons fan as rt Potioned rly because the woulsbe kiers free utara at they ried with ie feed ofan wes peedered ‘nik vot poten Criielinbiy sincerely ‘hem altugh no cine reset because Cee aeceferylagtopolson hans ciminat Impossible crime formal ime By ms wey nature, an ingossile cme i a femal rime Ii ther consunmnated cr not fonsummated at a. There # thereere. M ‘Mtenpledortastent imposible cra (HAR 2005) lmpocsible crime vis-t.veUnconsurmted Felonies aterpied or rusteated felony) Universtry oF Sawro Tomas: acuity er civil LawCRIMINAL LAW. Intent snot accomplices Taser ofthe lender nas poses of accompishent. Toten ofthe offnder ‘rete accomplishes ‘Accomplstineat i prevenedby the intervention of scent eh Ahead no es Tate camnatbe sccomplsied because is inerently spose beens he means ‘employee bythe ereris imaequate oF inate, AL. Internat ete= mer sdess in te rio person, nat punshabie sve HH they been erie out they would constiute 3 seseand (pacts ofe luge (2) preparatory 2% Proparaany acne ta ‘whch theoftendor tnd to ccm GR: These are ondinaly not paniehabe pa When oxp ‘when they thomeves ae (eg Possession 04 whic fe rescly provided for or sre conidered” Tndeperdent eines of pienes ander Art preparatory att the ‘commission of robbery under ARS 205, ‘nd 302} Acts of excoution-panisable under thenensed Peal Code Stages ofacts ofexecut 1, Concammated 2 Frusiate (MAR 1992, 1996, 2009) 3 Alten Purpose of the casi ation felonies or Saxo Tomas Bo pyatisewneres ay “To bring about © poportionae panaty and euitble panier NOTE: Thepenshiesaregraduntdaccodingto their degree of seventy. The stages moy not ‘apply tall knds of nies. There ae floes wih do not udmtof dvison, Phases felony 1. Subjective phase = that portion of ‘rection of the ere Storing from the Paine wher the ofender begins up to dat Paine whee ne sill na coro over is ets lf the subpertive phase has not Yet passed. the Telny would. be mere Siterp it alrady passe, bt he felony ‘soe produced, a4 ei rustated (roen.2017) NOTE: 11 trochos te paint where he has navnere contol ever acstnocaajecve phase passe 2. Objective phase the ollender nat performedsiil tbe letacrandiene longer Incontalcfte tual ours, Consummnated felony A flony ie coneumasted wow al the sete tecorntyforteaccomplshmentandescatioe roprorent (RPG Are6) Frustrated flony A felony ig useated wher the sfentor perform all the act of exscution whieh would Produce the felony aa a reat, but whlch everheess do net preducs iby reaen of feuses independent’ of the wil of the perpetrator (RPG Ae 6- :X stabbed Y in the abdomen, penetrating the ver and chest of ¥. ¥ was asked tothe Hospital and sear wven fnmedate medical treatment Is X Hable for consummated omlder A: NO, because the prompt medial treatment rece by te offended party saved his MerPeaple Mrveta GR Wo 11217879, Apr 21.1935), {vitestas wert toa nearby videoke dar vo bay eigatetes. Once msde the bar, he was Stabbed by Olarte. Arlo and Pasquln om Aleren pats of his hogy. When Vllstas ‘was rushed ve the hosplal te was reatedBOOK !- FELONIES and tne doctor tested tat al he injuries suflere by Yilostas were fetal and would ese his death were it not for the timely ‘madtest attention given fim. fs Ole Aro an Faq pny of Fracee fre present Fase heir tent tol 6 Inested. by the weapon used Which 6 4 Pence sharp object Secore, the viet Futlerodmumeroae‘atal wounds but dd not ‘ince tathe tiney medica aesetance given to ‘hi Third none of he qualigingeirametances locmurce” ie pecan. QA a doctor, conceived the idea of hiling IMowifeB,andto carry outhisplan he mixed arson with the soup of & Soonafter tang thepoisonous foed,A suddenly hed change fhreareand washed out the stomach ef Be A Also gave Ban antidote, 1s A lable for frustrated pacrcide? ‘A: NO, the came hich prevented the fo the crn es tot independent ofthe wif cf the perpetrator It anno. De considered stenptel paride, Because A already performed all acts of fpeition. can onl) be Table for pysca i fessret Leyble was wayaldandsot wlth a firearm by tne group of Eden Eno etal TETINO ony fred asingleshotat close range. Dut dd not hit any vital pare of te vcun's body. The vietin’s wounds based on his Medical Certeae, were leated at he rei Aeloud through abe through andthe el ‘shoulder, and he inumedisly fed the scene let after the shooting. Ie appears that he Aid not sustan any fatal injury asa res oF the shooting. considering that he ae his companions, even went In pursuit of pellloner after the incident. RTC feund petitioner guilty beyond reasonable dont: tf thecrimeot frustrated homicide. which theca afro Dectonersussefafrearmassufient poo! that ne had inven ob the vt all Kee seed that "Intent toll cannot be automata rauafterthe mare fet hatthe ‘eo of Firearms te dangers toe” Rather, “hsimue intersndi must bo eabliched with the same degree of crainy see required of the other element ofthe cre. The inference OF smene tA should nek Be drawn tn the fheence of cumstances sfient to prewe ‘ch nent yon essere deubt When the Intent el aching. ut wounds are sown, tehave been ine se the eves sip te vei as ns titrate ater homicide but phys injunes only. (Eunos. Prope he 206952, Fe 15,2018) Crimes without rastated stage 1. Rapa ravamenofthoattone ears lenowiedg, hoe the slips peetation te tho tome felony ‘ong consurnmater the 2 Grrpton of pu offer - mercer 3 Physical Injury — consumed at the Instance the a ries or infitea 4 Adutory ~ tho essence ef the erie Sewol congress. 5 Mheft-the essence ofthe crimeisthetaking propery belonging to ances. Once the {hinghasbeen zhen onthe possession ef another, hee 2018) Aitempted felony There Is an ate ‘amreees the comet me consummated (BAR npc when the offender of fel rey Drovers ane docs not prior a the ats of execaion whch should produce ze felony by reason ofsome cause or accident other tha Isa spontaneous s desistance (RPC, A700). “rectly expats reculrenent tha the attempted on) is that ‘whi ety Tinced eo the overt act Deformed bytheostnder net he felony hers oo pean ED (Offenders not accord is cri Sr ah ‘Oniycommencea the commission of ‘anactdireclyty vers bua aot ever ihe not passed the skeetv phase Has perfonned ale ‘eto execution reachecthe jective pase Overtacts unive asin or Sauro Tomas FacuLry ov eit LAWCRIMINAL LAW, Some physi stvgy oF dod nacaing the fenton te conmat parUeuar crime, more thin mere planning er preperation, wih i ‘iri eta complete terniation fowing ts tral couse, without beg frstated by fecernal obstacies. or by te voluntary esstance ofthe pecpetratc, il leecaly and hecessariyripentatoa coneree offense (eyes, 2017) Indeterminate offense 1k where the purpose of the offender in performing ats not eta Ts mute od Fest toi objective Ip ebigoas (eyes, 2a. person enters the dieting of another, However, zt the very moment of bis entry ‘nd befere he could do anything, he as ‘already appretended by the. household members. can he becharged wih attempted robber? ‘Ae HO. The act of entering alone 16 not yet Indiative ef rebbeey altough Te may nave [planned tod c-Insead he ay beheld ate Fortrespascing (0 One night Jagueta with is cohorts nae fone tothe residence of te victim where ‘hey violated is domcleby nest pulling ‘ck that covers tet nipa Rat mere ‘thay septs The Wetim plesded ta accuse Juguetato stop aut te latter stead fea 3 ‘Shot wherein the veto asd his body to over is family. Jugeta stil fird voleys of ‘hots which onde fatally onthe Body ofthe ‘dnghters ofthe viet The fro daughters ‘ecpred upon arrival in the hospitals Jagetaliabletor double murderand maple attempted murder? ‘A YES, Nowihstanding the other crimes IUGUEEA commited, he fs also able fer tnutple attempted murder since the design of fhe ime was vo neutralize the entre fly Instead ofthe ow daughters specifi. They Inve commenced all he acts of exeeticn but ‘as aot abi to pas through duc to reasens tuk co tern (Fete. Jagat, GR. No bazze apis 20062 Caters involved in decernining the stage (ether Ibe in attempted, fusiated er fonsumuated stage) oft eomnision of felony Bresette 16 2 3 ‘The meme of commiting the ertnn, ‘The coments of he cre and ‘Thenaureot the crimes, “The diference between the attempted stage and the frustrated stage les on wheter the ‘fercer has e-frmedalltheacscfexseaton forthe accompishmenteta eens. Lcrally, ander Acie 8 fhe offender nas performed ll the acts of eeciton sich ‘haut produce the felony as consequence at {the ony was not realize. ten the crime i ‘ready nthe aed eg ee otencer hana yt performed athe aets ‘tf exeation bts wrae net able to perform a the acts of erection due to some cause or fsccidene other thn Rie own spontanen4s ‘esetance, then Ris anatempted felony NOTE The SC hold that in cace of billing, wither parce, homicide or mur, the Tiling willbe inthe restated stogeifthe inary stained ie fatal, sullen to bring about death bu death did net supervere Because the Tronediate mech intervention If the wou {nbeted wa not fatal, the come ony in it steptedotage been the fender: The ime (People Gators, ast io 1006es Pebreary4 2010) Instances whecein the stages of rime will, 1 2 a a 5 é © iy Offenses purishale by Seca Penal Laws, ‘eles otherwise provid fo Formaleries eg sterile ec) Inpessbe crimes Crimes consenmnated by merattempt (ea. temp we oan ere ent) Felons by omissi and Cas coma by mere agreement fee Being tn sports, cru of publ “ope. ‘Iwo polite dressed as civians were enductiig sirvellnice in Binangonas {zal They wen! neue store when satkenly Rolando. and. his wife arrived and appreaened the police feers rot knowing {thet reat lent Rolando spoke to ane of {he oficers and ask “guseo mo bang um Storeng shot’? The oiler repie, “bale ‘meron ha. he? Rolsne rere tn the ifrmative ad then he took sachet Of ShabuBOOK |-FeLontes and showed it When the oficor asked how ‘ich the shabu wae Rolando replied P20 Upon secing the ssehe, the police ofiers immediatly inteodiend emselves and arrested Rolando and Bis wile They were hargod of attempted legal ‘sale of ‘dangerews drugs wich is func under See eof RA916S, Can thore he am atempeed ‘tage in tho lest ele of dangerous drags? A: VES. According to the $6 the dent of te buyer ana aller af prosent The seller was Rolando while th buyers would bethe offices ‘The cers det wat soo established howe, ‘here wasne delivery because the immediatly Iniecced themselves se pater ofces therfore; th consummated cabs ofthe ge ‘wasaboredbytheac ofthe plies sto tucing Themselves and aresting Rolando Hence, the crime commited is only atemoed ga sale of dangerous drugs (Perper. Lay, GR He 192235 fel 6 201). INES” MATERIAL CRIMES. [cersumrmatedinone |Thereare three fastancnoatiempe | stages of exciton Kew ohyscal hares, fate testimny or! efamation) cconepeasy Conspeaey ests when two or ore persons ome to. an. agresnone concerning he aniston of flay and dai to corms (BAR 1956, 1097, 1996, 2003, 2005), ie Wha conspiracy oes, the degree of Dartipation of aach canister tet anederedbecaute the ato ae tthe ata sll thoy have ogaal erin esponsity. PN: Bon though there wos eonspiny. fa ce- Conepiator merely cooperoted. in tho Commision ofthe cine with insigcant oF ‘minal sess auch thar over without Ns Craperatin, the crime could be cai ext as ‘al such co-conspirator should be punished as ‘an accomplice ony (Pople Nie, cho. 52, Deserber 20,1915) PN to the XPN- When dheactconstttesa Sle nisl offense. Rquisites af conspiracy 1 Two or more persons came co. an agreement 2. Aayeerent concerned ihe commission fa ‘rime an 4. Bxeceton aa felony as decided upon NOTE: Mere knowledge, acquiescence ta of Sppreval ofthe ae wlvout coayeraton or 3t leat agremot to coopera, s nt ere Constiie 9 canspiracy Faewpt when hes the Tmocernod na conaplioy. ic meceasry that Pconspirstor should have pectorna some Overt act acs directo nd ret conebuon fe fhe essetion of the crime planned to bo Some The qvereact may ene 8. Active participation inthe setal Commission ofthe cre Rel, ts Mol assistance to isco conspirators by ting present atthe commsren of the ‘c. Exerting moral azcendaney over the other cocanspitrs (5, tote with his security guards was fe Wis way to collect exsh depot from hs ‘ileats whens earevertookhiscat The ears fccapanis then fired at mand. is Sideswipe hs ar, with ts passengers 30 fring at him, The maleactors then took the thar comtafning the cash and immediatly fed, The maletccors were charged with robbery with Homlelde and the court raed ‘hat commpracy exist even without rset proof w that effect Was she wial court forvect i) rullag that there exists a fcoaspiracr? 1: Yes bret proofs no essencal wo establish ‘consplragy as may be lnfrred fom dhe foleetive sts of the aecsed before, ding ard iter the cemaission of te crime. It can be presumed from and proven by Sts the ccved themes hen he st apa 20 2 joint parpese design. concerted action. ana commun of interests. this case. the events Strrounding the comnssion a hecee Wout adi etabish conspiracy among. the ecusedappelaes i corimiing bor wth Iomicca (Peoples Lame, GR.No. 198538, February 20,2013.) Peles Bemabe case) “Twoldade of conspiracyCRIMINAL LAW. 1 Gonspireey es a crime — The more conspiracy i the crime tell This s only true he the lw expressly punishes the mete corspiacyetherw'ae, te conspiracy ‘cost bring abut the cormtssion of the siebeeauseconspiracy sa anovetact ‘uta mere preparatory act Conspiracy must be proven on the same ‘quaneumn af evidence as te ley sublet ofthe agreement ofthe partes. muy be proved oy det or reuse evidence fnskcing of ets, words conc f the lloged eanspraorspror to. during 2h Ber the commissen of the felony 1 Schieve 2 common design or purpose (rencow Propte Ha 171328, February 162013) Beaaples: Conspiracy to corm tresson onspirac to coma rbalien conspiracy focommt sel ele, amportation ard dation of drs, conspiracy to commit fasees device rau, conspiracy t commit NOTE: if ore of the trsiters/rebels senallycommits " weasen/rabelion Conaplraey Teses es jure personaly snd bertres» mode te soem oive 2 Compiracy eo @ basis of neurring criminal ably When the eonspiracys ny 4 basis of ecrtng crn aby, ‘here mnt bean ver et done before the to-onspiator become ernie tabla, (BAR 1996, 1997, 195, 2005, 2005) Gr: As long ashe appeared in the scene of the crime he's Lableasaco-ongpiater XEN: 1 heis a mesteraind, he docs net Inweto bln the sceneof he erme tobe corconpiater 2 ine perfor an overt actin the pertenrance of the conspiracy ferent nei he sen a he ‘ine pr selkethediver of age ‘vey cart planned he cries ‘rel or te nan who presse the then ofa remote eontot bom andthe Bom expel 3 few nu artare devised a pan we murder Joel ina narrow alley near foes house,fast ‘wil hide elund wre biglamppest and sect BR bens or sanvo Tomas 2019 Gounew Neves 1 Sn tho Inter pass through on his fork. Arturo will come from the ‘ther end of the alley and simultaneously ‘Shoot ocl fom behind. On the eppeinted day, Arturo was apprehended by the authorities before Feaching the alley. When Juan shot Joel a8 planned, be was unaware that AINE was vrested vearler. Discuss “the rina able orarcute,traay. ‘Ac artarabeng one ofthe two who devsedthe ban to murder Joel. thareby Decomes. co mncpal by dite conspracy. Whats naedee fnipisam overtaceand boek wi incur crea Tabiiy Anurostablityasacenspinter rose from his partepaton tn ort devising the ‘imal plan with Juan, tol Jol and wae urraant otha conspiranythat}aan aoa. There beng a conspiracy, the ato ons the eto rare, theraorhotld bolisble ae covenspirater conspirator ‘GR: Wen tare conspiracy th et thatthe ‘lemont of th olen ent proce se rogarde ‘Sheet theconeprtorsismumsterl. Pte 1k. paride ~ the client of relationship snuat be prsont as reards the oer 2 Inmurder where teacher san clement of the crime. all ffenders must ave Iowladge of the employment of the teeachery atthe Grothe exertion ofthe Waysin commiting conspiracy (BAR 1996) 1. Express Conspiracy ~ There ls an express ‘agreement NOTE: “The iabiey of te conspiatrs is ‘rly for the crime agreed upon. except ‘nes 2. Theothercrime was commicedin htt sresece and they did not prevents 2 When the viher «time Is the natural cersrguenceaf the crime panned (eg.BOOK|~FeLonies homicide resulting from phyeesl | Chain conspiracy in dangerous drugs taht 3. When the rositing crime was a | Thore are sores of overlapping tanseetons ‘rime ora specalcomplee | hich are cons toinvale ony one overall Agteomart. The ifernt teanceevons are refered the Hake inthe overall greemen, 2 implies Conspiracy Toe ftnderssctoh | hich considered the cain, However te Inconcert inte commission af the crime | transactions will ony be considered inks in Thewrartssrecoordmatecersyrewonized | chainifeach rk news thet theater incre Inawayintiatvernattvey are pursungs | _ruaeed inthe conpiacy and eae Bk has 2 common eximina objectve ant they shal | yeetod ftersat tn the suctsee of the overall be deomed to be acting in conpiacy snd | renee of aneations (Bruno. US 208 US 207, ‘halr ermal sbity stl be collie, | Dovomber 41999), ovina There is successive communication and Instances whore unity of prpese and | cooperation uch the sume nay as wit Intention inthe commission of the crime is | lgtmate business operations Uetwest chews, ‘Tanufocturer and whole, then wiles tnd etal, aad they retaler and consamer 1. Spontanaous agreement atthe moment of | (Eves v. Sandgembaror, GR. Mle. 148968, the commision of the crime fe sufient wo | Fel 2620021, ‘roae)pintresporsibiliy. ‘Whee orcrete conspiracy on phancer 2. Active caoperntion by ll oendes in the peypetution of'a erie wil create jolt | There fs 2 slagle persoa or group cal the responsibiy, “hulk” deaingIndicly wth wo oF ere ster pers er groups rm a he “spl ecesariodiodashewasstovedshorandwas | Sad the rim shat encloses the spokes f the attempted te be peed by au arow by tis | ccmmangentinthecseral conspiracy (Exits Felatves Eddiewasthe ane whoshorthevizimn | \ Sundenmbapin GP a. 149968 Pelewery 26 Write he wie aceesedirew scores an Aree | Seach Sn arron(oat sce) They were al acd snuky of murder by eowapimweh cach onter. | Eekdenc premeditation in conspiracy ‘They ca it was only Eddie who shot Cesare andthetieteforediectetsshallnotbelaie, | Evident premeditation is aot automatic In censpirry Tt shal depend on the Bind ‘AcAllare ible. Conspiracy wasproven mais | cenpiricerployed. Ie may Dearie tn tse. Conspiacy ay aso be proven ty | presen imped conspracy. generally ie ‘Sreanstantalevidercewhen candela | cme hs apyreiavel asert any prot Gomtheactswtich wauldproveajoinepurpose | showing how zea when the pan toil the ndesign concerted action andcommevaty of | stim has hatened the tine thet elapsed Interest nena ere nt ‘They "performed specie acs with closeness | Legal effects oF implied conspiracy (BAR and coordination aso unmisakabiy irceatoa | 1888, 2008) common purpese ane cesgh'to ensure the ‘exh of Cesare. (People v agar, PMO. | 1, Notall these who are pracent at he scene T7TPSL- December 18.2011) willbe considerate conpinters 2 Daly those who partcpsted by rina ‘overtapping conspiracy ts the comission ofthe ere wl be onsdoredasco-conapiator one Iedepictsaplctare fs conspiestorin the irst | 2. Move acquasenes to or approval of the level af conspiracy perforing. ae which commission of teesime without any oetoF Implement. oF in Wrtherance another ‘rir paripaton, sal a aden woe onepiracyinthenetlevelof which be aetar ie xiii ible as c-coniiat nota aeve party (Pople Sondganbayon GR Nov 188754 August 10, | NOTE: In order to hold someone cimiaaly 207, lable for implied conspirocy, i sition 1» Uvivensrry oF Save Tosas og Facuury or civit Law_CRIMINALLAW reve presonce, hove shuld be overt ats tat [AL NO. Ahead oF eh of oe anno: beh Breclossp-relted an coordinated to estapish | criminal Hable asa conspirator simply 09 the tho prosence of comrnen criminal dosgn and | Mass of command responsibly, al heads of Sommuniyotpurpecointhecommmisconerehe | afices have to rey wo reas ee thar sipordinates snd on the gua fal of these whe prepare bis, purcase supplies oF Requirement of proof of 4 previous | entr sno negetcbers. Tr wonld be 2 bad grooment to commit a cine precedent ia hes of office plagued by at fommon peablens = eshonest cf aeygen. tn conspire, it is not necessary to addase | fuberbnats,overwort, multiple sSgMMeres Greet evidence of « previous agreement to | oF posltons, er plain incompetence — 15 Commits crime Proof eo previous ogrosment | suddenly swept inte 2 conspiracy conviction nd decsion io commit ths crime tz not | simply Bsaue he di not personally examine Soenelburthcfactttthemaleoctorsected | every singe dtl painstakingly taco cory fnvumson pursuant t0 the same objective | stp/rerincepion and ivestgatathe motos Sulces Pesple.Agaceretal GR No.177751, | afevery prconinvo}edinatravsaction before December 142011), Ming hs sigrtate asthe Binal approving fubority (Ants x. Senigenboyan, GR. No conspiracy may be proven by divest or | $1563 December 15,1909}. SGreumstanaal evidence cansstng of acs, ‘words, of conic othe alleged cnsplators | Proposal before: heing and ater the commission of the Fey waceve conven design or purpese. | Exists when che pesson whe has decided to roo’ of the aereersent reed nt rest on hvec. | commitaelony propesesitsexeeutin o sere ‘evidence and may be nered ram thecendsct | otberpersonor persons. ft the partes indexing 2 common Understanding amon tea witFespetto tae | Requshes ofa propos Commision f the sfese. tiene Nt fcsceary to thew thot sich persons me | 1. Apersou is deldedo come a felony: ger angenrerecinvear expleragrocent | 2 He prope Ksexceuion to oer petson esting ont the dete am ane eee o rpersons and tha dataus by whickasilepalanjectwaisto ne | 8. The proposal need not be atceped or ee ‘arsed ue (Pople Pepa Gomes GR. shales corsptacy 174871 Jamey 12.2610) Pnishaneat for proposal and conspiracy to Qepoes conspiracy exstwhentheactsortne | commaiteleny Secased were caused by thelr being Inightenod by tho peice officers wno were | GReConspiracy a proposal oeanmitafelony Megecly in fal hatte gear and tre | are not punishable because they aie mere fovtitans and unexpected character othe | preporaryacs fenceuntorand the rapid tan ofevents? PRE Eicept in cases in whieh the law ‘As VES. ‘The rapid wen of events cannot no | specitcaly provides a penaty there Le Goneiderat to negate a eding of | Treason rebelion and coup dct ‘enapiacy abe evident premecttion there {pin regucemont for conspiracy tenet thot NOTE: if thee 1 conspragy to commit thore boa sufican: prio ef te to peo to Rebelion, and Rebalion i herearer fond fall-opportanity for mmdtation and comtted,the aerate fable oa for feflesion. Instead conopiacy arses on the Frbelon th congpiacy now beng mere ‘ery moment the plotters agree, expressly oF poo afth eben. lnc to cont te subject felony (People Garang etal, GR. No 175926, Jely 6 | Conspiracy vis-vis Proposal to commit zou) felony @; Can a head of wie be Held riminally Hable a9 conspitator on the basis of emnand responsi? naveneity oF SANTO TOMAS Bh Povsevonenores wyBOOK I- FeLomtes perso come te the person who ‘anogreemont | has decided conenrningtie [come a Fly Jeommision fa} proposes its Felonyand | Seaton te ‘ecideto | some other [Oncethe Proposals rae Joropesatic —oniyap athe fccpeed.a — foineuherath artors feminer —_ pacyrosrien Astois [ives fe pepo i jwcemade has foeyer cepted he ope [csspiracye Propesa i stoi Jpiterat Rjartsteral one number effresureetve [parymakers prtier foarte, fropestion fhe ter EE Continued crime or continuous oF dello ‘tina (BAR 1990) tise sing crits coming series facts Here, the effender ts impelled by a SINGLE CRIMINAL IMULSE ft conve series af des at abou the sane tine In about the same place and all the overt acts violate one a he Sane provision Tew. (eg. deft of 13. ews belong te dfereat oaerscommisedby tie secusedetthesame(iaceandac esate tne) NOTE: A continued crime ls NOT a complex crtine 8 afferent rom “Transitory esime Transitory rm cae “moving erm is concep? in erin procedure to eetermine the vem. Iemay be irstued are red inthe owt of the muricpaly, ety oF province “rere any ofthe west ingreaiont thereo toot pace, Pharaty of crimes a Ie i the eusceve exertion by the same dial of ferencernna te upon any of ‘whch ne caren has yet been dered Kinds opr of rime 1. Fermat er ide-only oo cil iabtty 2. Complexerime dfnedin vt 48 1B. When thefaw speci fess asingle penaly Tor 2 or moro. ffene erated «6 Coninued ees (BAR 1996) 2. Real or materiel ~ there ate diferent ‘times in law an Inthe conscience ofthe ‘ender: Insucheases the ofender sale punished freachantevery offerse Ute ‘complex crime ones are commited bet they conse ory fne crime inthe ees othe fe Mere heres fly ‘one eximinal tne Hence, cay oe renal: ie. Kinds of compe eimes 2. Compount crme ~ woven a spe set qrsitutestwo or more pavecr lessgrave fone (are 48 RPC) equites: 2 only single at pertormed by te bstender b. Thesinge act pratuces Laeor more grave lones 1 Onser move grave and one oF ‘more lessgraveilonies To or ore. tae grave The single act ofA in fring 9 shot ‘used the ceath ef te person ang fron one bullet, who ware stonaing of theline of the direction fthebliet le lable for two separate crimes of omllde? ‘A NO since the deaths of the to vets wore a rer of one single act Reng hots complerime wa commited VERSITY OF SANTD TOMAS:(CRIMINAL LAW. 2. Complex crime proper-whex am fens ‘he necessary means for commiting he oaber (re #8, RPC). equ 3 aresst wo offences stu commited: 1 One or some of the offences must be rocesoary to cemmt the othe and Both or all the offeraar ure be Dranished ‘under the same este frPq,. NOTE: Only one pensky imposed fer comple times bechase there 1s only one criminal ‘Thus there should only be ene information argnga complexrine 3 Special complex crime or composite rine one ln vhich thesubsiance a mae ‘por morechan one crime butwaeh inte jes of the oly a single invsble bien, Examples of special complex crimes 2. uated piracy, won companied oy) urea, Daye njinesorexpe Lape with hometde ‘draping ep ecrapping with homiede ierpping ith physica jrios Robbery winhoneide Ropberywitnrape: Robbery wih physi nro and Robbery with arson. pracy wemeide HINO, st¥DO, and three others ‘Were drinking SENIDO informed the others tt the plan to rob the howe of SPOUSES EREDDIE AND JUDY ANN CLAVEL. The follwing day thay entered the house ofthe SPOUSES and took certain. personal properties. Meanorile, FREDDIE" CLAVEL ‘walt up to go tothe bathroom which was futaide' che bedroom. SENIDO eho wae ‘utaide the bedroom assaulted FREDDIE HIRO approached the eo and stabbed FREDDIE in the abdomen with loife which ‘oud the ate’s death All he secased lot ndleftbshind partofthoytooktinaralroad Behind the property Are the oecused guilty ‘fhe special complexctime orobioery with Homicide? ‘A; Alte acusel are iy ofthe speci Cmplee rime of ralery with homieide peliacd under Arie 294(2) The element Univensit¥ or Sante Tomas 2 forthe creo of rbbery with Homie te (2) faking of parsnal property withthe use of olence or intimidation (2) the propery Saloge to anther () he tabing ie wth tert {gain and (8) 9yreston oro accanen af he ‘bey homicdnoascommted The iment ob must proce the tag af human fe but ‘he ling may coeur elore dureg ar ae the rebbery, ‘The lower courts found that the acusod were Alarmed with eiwes when they brs nt tho house 9f SPOUSES CLAVEL, took certain etsnal properties, and nthe course hero, ‘obed FREDDIE, reaultng to bisceath, Considering that conspiracy was esalshed, tain 2 homlide takes Hace by reason 9° on occasion ofthe robbery althose wo took pat Shall be guy of he spec complex eie of Fobbery wth miede, wheter they atally Dartipated inthe ing nls theres poor hat tere was endeavor prev the Klag. (People vs. Jay Hnle“mnday Rabang™ EAL, (Gaeta 212151 February 18,2015.) Pelas- Fieraabecace) Ordinary comple crime viedis special complex ein (BAR 2003) RET saan Deed ann Ge [etnsdeep klemadeupettno | Jitwoor " lormare citar ih] [rors crmes|srecmadred oly [ire eo | cia stercotng |purstedneBOOK!-FeLonies linecther lense ce lense. (The pevaliy_[Ony one patie forche most kpectcalypreserbe lero emer all the component ldalbeerimeswhich are limpesedana fregsrdeda one inte frcivbl fence ‘arte [nasinun —[Thecomperen Aste pevieds—femesareror feared asdtetine lrimesard vo thet binposed's ftatspectcaly provid for ender fe special compex le commited 2. Kidnapping e267, Ra): 2. Oecupaton of tal property or weapon Search usrante ml 5288) relation 4 When one alfese 5. When ene erie isa fori that ee, flvearightsinpeapertyave 12.) etal obec Art se pen : 0 slementf tho other, the former: tll be sorbed by th later eg respazsing fovee upon thing 6 When eerie has oF the roar ith ‘hoster criniecommted: Example: eafosd fluiteation of prte Acaments have the same deren 9f domage Tass, ‘cme of ete privasdocanen there ia no. conplen eeu ication of 7. Wien one ofthe offenses is penalized by 3 spevalaw Irene ries Where the intent ‘seconde bat realy to coramit che teiscat allo aso Boample When te ent of away a now 5 the offender taking corape her he ere would ony be sip rape ae thesbeton Would be sbvorbed 90 on nent fa Oat commision cf ape 1, Special comploxerimes. NOTE: A light fory CANNOT be complened ‘vith a grave or lee grave felony. eis ether treated ay separate fener cendered abserbolinthe gave ores grave felonies. NOTE: There con ben comples crime proper {he other erne's punishable bya peca la. ‘obeacomplescrine proper bot times must be punished under dhe RP, Jason Iver was involved vebicelar colfsion resulting 10 the inlurtes of Evangeline Ponce andthe death of her husband. He was changed of two offenses (1) Reckless ipradence Resulting in Sight Physical njares: and (2) Recess Impradence esaitng in Homicide and Damage to Property can fier be convicted ‘mth the two offenses? [BAR 2013) ‘AMO. Reehessimpmatencesasinglecme.ts Eonsequences on persons and property are ‘ratenst enty to determine the penal eciess mpradence ster rt. 255 989mg Aqeshovense oy tsa ae no! mere 2 means Dteeramittirg other crimes Such tatonvicnon be acquttal of uch quasbetenee | bare ubseqtent proseetion fer the same qe bifense regis ef Ws varus resting act (Wie w Son Pate, GR No 172736 Movrbar 2010, Penalty or complexcrimes undor Article 4 ‘GR: When a compl erie is commited, the peraly for the most serious crime 19 5 etemem perio al be imposed XPM: When thelawimposs single penalty for syecaleomplen cine Conpler evens of comp (eanzocs) ce with rebellion ‘There can bea comples cine of coup tae ‘with rebellions there was conspiracy between the offender/s comvalting the rebalon By ‘enoptey, the rns olen wok be Une cree ff the other and nce versa This is possible Decause the offender ncaup deat may be any ‘petson or persons belonging tothe nally ‘he national poe oF a public fie, whereas Facutyy of cwwit Law aCRIMINAL LAW rebellion docs not 9 segue. Moreover che ‘Gane of coup dtr may be commited sing whereas rebalion re 8 pale oping {nd taking up armas to overtrow the dy entuted goverament Since the two erimes See essential diferent and punished ih Site penates, here lan lag impedimon. totheappliation of At 48 fhe RPC ‘Complex crime of coup dtat with sedition (Ban 2003) Coup seat can be complexed with etion becuse Meno crimesare esentaly diferese and cisunety punsed under the Revised Feral Cade, Seiten may aot be cleeced painet the government cx be yl! in fjetve. whereas coup état 1S aliays obi in objective ase dered aglestthe {government an ed by persone or pte aie Feldingpubte otic belonging tue miliary atienal pois Art 48 ofthe Cee ay apply Under the conditions therein provided. ~GIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING CRIDTIVAL— LABILITY trcumstances affecting extmnal abty emeay a Justin crewrstanees: Ererpting creastanees: iigsuegereumseaces: Aggrvainganeumstnces:2e0 Comer crcumsances found in the RPC siecting crip abi uty of sctery commited the fence Abcolutary enuse = tos the efect of an Srerpting creamscaree 25s preceate Ltenuoting circumstances — has the sitet of mgating the ensayo Bxample: In the offense of sani, fonceisest of dishonor ean extenuating Sreumstonce inelar av the pregrant ‘woman andthe materal grapes a Concerned, ntheilene of abortion under ‘ru 258 che lab of pregnant woman (ile tigate her purpose toconceal Gshonar [Such skeameonce nat Sraliuble to the parent of the prognont ‘roman. Ale, under Art 333 the person Univensity of Santo Tomas 2oldGounew Noves 24 wile being sbarsoned without Justicaon, the petally teat lower In egret be ioe ro sting cireametances ‘Thay are thore ace of = pevton sald to bein ccordance with Iw, such that a person Asemod no eo hve commited eto ad ie ‘Werslore fos from both eininal and cil Tabi oe HP at edly the suet Sete: Defers of eaves: ‘Avoidance of greater evil or ijt: Puliment of dary or eerie of ght or ce (bedencetoan order of superior, lauren of proving the existence ofustiping ‘ireamstanees Incosas wher the acesed interposes justin feamsionce. ths presecutoral burdens AM the snokspensaie greens of sch fviense (Pepe vores. GR Wa 216576, sari 20 2018). El ncomite praon et ‘fect non au naga — He whe asserts, noc he (ah denies rst prove Basis for tese ostiyng circumstances The buss fr thee justyingcreratiances is the lack of erninal atom, and with the neni en fc eu, onas ree (an {eidoes nt ce the doer gully, les the indi gully) tere sno crimeand ote sno mal inthe swatios cotsmplted In his fare provided the respective clement reall Git tabiny inthe circumstances mentioned la Are31 (i since theres ne crime, necessary eres ocr aby ee debe, 2m inparagrap wherein vib ay tre nojadere agaist ese who benetied om ‘heat which eased danage to he propery of {hove bat sped ther wu prpertes fomBOOK I~ FrLontes consequent arnages. Tho hilibiy i Par 4 Isprovced ior mare 101,andiscommendably Inline wih the asain anus neck Rights incudod in Sadefns induesnot only the defense fhe person or body of the one assaulted but also foe of hi rights, the enjoyment of bch i protected yl, Thus, inode 1. Defense ofthe person's home 2. Defense ofits protected by aw. 2nd 5. Theriht te here NOTE: Honce, a slap on the fee bs ‘consieredasunawfl aggression sce the face represents 2 person and hs agai. t 1S a serlows, petonal atic (ugas v Prete GR Nex 149788, annoy 14,204). 4. The defense uf propery rights an be Invokea if there fan 30% tpn the Droperty couples wid a tack epon ihe person othe qwner ofthe premises Al he lemon’ forjsteation mist hewerer be present (Peeple &. Neraee. GR. OC Soc apn 2h Aan NOTE: However. 1A saches the wate of Binsigearenringpasserge jeep and then B punehes to pretettheporsessonef = watch and tere the rmningeep is eal tng hard pavement causing ns fata, ds not lle crmirlly forthe fatenin tie property its, thereon suadeagurst te se porron 5. Salfdetonte in bel - Paysicl aval nay be jsted when the cle smed 3 the person's good name a luethe belie progress ne el dacrver anther NOTE: What is important isnot the daly of ‘the atack bt whether he means employed rearomable te provont the stad. Reason fr justifying su defonse Jee imponible fr the State to protect ats tices Als,» person cannot ast give wp eit withewe resistance bong oer Bist of self defense 1. When all the cements are prsené — the povson defending mec foe from minal ay ae ei ity. 2 When only « mejor ofthe elements ore preset pestaged—rltgting Eireumstenc, provided there ie unlawful aggression Nawre ofsetdefense The rule consistenly adhered to ia this hisdetin is Unt when te aecase’s dense SS selfense he thereby adits being Ue futhor of tie death of ae vicinn Uh 1 Becomes icuindeet upon him to prove ee [stlngclcunsancetoibe satsaction ote four (People ¥. bel costo et el, GR Ne 16004 Jory 18 2012) Requstes of setetense (ar 1993, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2005} (URL) 1 Unlawt aggresson: 2 Reson aeeesty oF the mens employed to prevertor repel ana 3. Lade ef suftcen provocation on the part ‘ofthe perscndefanding ie The burden to prove gait beyond reasonable doubt aot ited tam the shouldors of 0 Site, which cares twit the on af the proceedings. rete bron of evidence that > Ente athe seused ta etieactoniy ora} thefaetat soledefnee voter wards onthe ‘nue proband hie te the accused, fo cal Safeco ean airativeaegation ttt be {stablishod with certainty by sullsert and Satsteeary proof (People + Del Cel el, Rio, 469004, Jonuary 8, 2022) Batineazeofanagroemant tight ell dase isnot feasible as incase ofa gh the partiesare ‘considered aggessersasaggressen sboundto vce inthe course the gh NOTE: Untta ag requis or condi defensetoarse sions an indispensable ie qua non forse ature ofthe unlawful aggression (DAR 1995, 2008) Tor unlawful aggression to be appreciate, ere mast bean acta, suden and Univensit¥ oF Santo Tomas 9 Frcury oF cwvit LawCRIMINAL LAW. uexpectd attack or imminent danger tore, ot happening: must not consetina mere ot meray a. thretening or inmudstng Ateostanng ate People Mapas, G3 ‘tinge andthe accused ntt poser proof of 1o.172605 November23.2013} postive strong at of real oggresin (People "Sobel y Dragls GR. 189052 Hey 39, | Kind of threat that wall mount to unlawfal DOL; People v Cemposerd Acabo, GR No | aggression 7606142011), Incase often tmustboctionsivoandstrong NOTE: There is no unlawil aggression ven | postive stoning the wrengil intent to ease there vad an aprecmmnt to Tight and he | four Te presupposes actal sudden. Challenge to fight hay been accepted Bat | — unexpected or imminent danget--not merely Seuresion wh shad of stipulated sine | threatening ted intnidting acon Te ke and place suai. present only wien the one ated aces ea nd imevedate test to one's He (People w Elements of unlawful gression Manger GR. Wo 195655, Sepenber 14 2011 retracing People Gebrin and People There are stvwe elements of untawtal | Manan. aggression “est for unlawful aggression in selfefense 1, There must bea phystal or mater attack rassaul: ‘The est orthe presence of nla aresion 2. Theattc or assait mast been or at | under the reumstances is wheter he less. immer ‘egression frm he visi pat Yea per he ‘3. The ateack or assault mast be antzafal | ior persona satery of te person defending (repr “Mopar, Gk Na 372635, | Mwset (Pople Mapa al) Nevonber 232031) (EUGENE dais set Lawful aggression sSating that upon serving atthe ore, Ne fw GABRIEL miching toward his wih 3 ‘Me tttment of a uy oF tne exeriee ot 2 | ite tearing or what sweat happen. he ‘ghtin amare ore let rsoner tole oat is gua and shot GABRIEL Should slfdatence be considered? ‘Beample of awfal aggression Ae Mn There wae abeonce of unital ‘The st ofa shape who ued vslence by smth att GABRIEL atthatine of ‘rowing stones atthe secured when telater | the lnldant is sated that without unl Uwaerunning sy fembin to dale arrest for | aggression, there can eno soledefons, S"eine committed in he presence ts not | whathor completo or inconplte. Unix Solel sggeesion ie appearing tne‘ Spgreson must be acwal sudan unexpected Durpese ofthe pence affcerwar te aptare the | stack or inmupent danger, an not meray ‘Seveod snd pace in und arrest (Peope «| threstning and ninsatng tugs. wae Gayrama, Gt Nou 199270 and L96271, | found that EUGENSs toctinony remained Geer 301934) ‘eorreberatee 280) ne ites? we eer precentod te support his sory. Even RUDY NOTE: tapublicoficcrencseded Nauthoriy | denied secing CADRIBL hing toword then hhomiy become an unawlagesor. (eople ve Eugane Somnayy, GB No. 203214, Apri 20,2015)) Prlar Bernabe cae) ‘Twekinds of unlawil opgrestion ifect i there was a mistake of fet on the 1. Actuator material unlawful aggression | partof thoaccused ‘whch means an atack wit physteal force fo with 9 weapon, an olensive act that Fraively determines the tent of the agresurocause delay and In cation to mish of fat, te bl ofthe sessed maybe snaere i determing the ‘Sistonce a univ opgrevsion Example: There is suf dense even ifthe 2 nine tt eagresin wis | Bam hg A. ln et fe fnvatack tut letmpendingerat te poi | 26°00" etc ty gen pews = eoBOOK I-FeLonies Person who employed the unlawfal | 2 Means must be necessary and there i no aggression ther way to prevent repel and Mean must be reasonable = depending on To constitute ax clement of sl deense the the draumstaneen but generally unbowfsl aggression must come, crety oF reportome tothe oreo the aggressor Indirect, from. the porean who was ‘Ubanqannlystachedby thesceuced (Peoples. | Instances when there cam be lace of Gutleres, GP. Na 31010 September 26 1928) falfetent provocation on the person Asfending meat QA dims that the death of B was an aecidentandhisactvasjestforseifdefense | 1. No prowwcation at all sas gen ‘whenbisrevelver accidentally the vc aggressor by the person defen hirse lle he was struggling the same with his | 2, Brea if provocation was ves i may not ‘eal enemy, Cs is contention correct? sleiert 3. Even provocaclon was sullen 4 as ‘A NO. tn iis ease, A was not reeling any forge by dhe psn defending Hensel fal oparestn rr thereby rendering | 4 Even if provecaion was gives by te Is plea of sledefense unvatrate. Hs 2 person defending hase, was net the mounted we aberrat leas (pau «People Dresimate se friaeatte tthe et af Wo. 180219, November 23,2013) fygeesion ane 5. Sitident esas propertonate to the Requistes 0 sausty tie “reasonable damage cused bythe act and equate necessity ofthe means employed vo prevent sileonetoscommission repel Lack or the sume provocation J Nave ane quality ofthe weapon vse by eaguresors Safcene provecstion shoud na come fem 2. Physeal condition. characte sie and | tmeperson defending nme. anait mt ftv circumstances ofboth she oftentor | imanatlyprsede the gpreson, St defenders ane 3. Piceane occsven of eas ‘controtorovows person derenang nimsoit NOTE: Perfect equality between the weapons | The perien detnding Hisait cannot ie sed by the one dvening hse’ and ear of | expected ta tink etary se ae to central his fin agence i ant roqhioe. What the sue | haw Thebilingef the lane aggresor may euro rtinal equa, Pa bo jctied elon 3 tho mara ex $e inci 3t 3 tine won tho some of Doctrine of Rational Equivalence Carplte seledaeney are ellpracent. The reasonable. necessity of tho means | A, umawflly tached 8 witha knife. employed does ast inmiy matorni | then took ovt he gum which caused to run ‘ommoncurastybatwoonthe mane of tack Sh deonce, What tke iw raguce ator equislenca in he consideration of which wl after testing ls wounds, pursed thin. Can Binvoke self defense? fer the principal etre the omargeny, the | As No Tho unlowhioggrstsion which hae Insnene danger to which the person tacked | beg no longer casts When the sugressor |G exposee, and the instinc,moru than the | runs shay the one making sdfense has 90 Tester that moves or imple the defense and | mare right or evento nour the former the proportonatencssthereot doce not depend | rover In order to sip bomicie om the ‘pon the harm dons, but rete upon the | ground of seldfense, essential tat Ge Inrnnent danger of such injury (Brpinove v | kllng of the deceased by the delendant Paopla ER No. 101071 Marsh 15,2010). sultancous ith the attack nade by the Aecease, or at last bath ats sicewted each Factors. taken into consideration in| ote witheut appreciable interval of ine detormining the reasonableness of meses employed by the person defending inset NOTE: The aggression ceases except when Fetreat i inde to take a ore s0vantapeous 1. Meena wore azedtoprevent or repel Psion to insure the suceens of the aac, UNIVERSITY oF SayroToMAS Pacutry of crv LawCRIMINAL LAW. ‘whlch a begun, 2 unl aggression stil | Thorne commit was murder ae treachery contre Ieprovent inte cata (People lela, GA a 198783 grt 21,2014) (@ Ono night Lina» young married woman, ‘was ound eclep infor bedroom when she | Selfdefonse vise Retaliation {elt man om top of her Thinking twas or Ihustand Tite, who came home a day early from bis business wip, Lina allowed him Entecreimranetincencemsnaeee | (T, oma] he wear hemes nein com temmrie tah Sct ‘existed when the | had already ceased rere resign se | [sal nton ted sl cone that the an war wot Tit, her usband | | roe aiebled | atackod him, Forfa, Lira took out TR's gum and sot |_| Ps or debled hernia. Charged withhomilde,Linadenies | | %7., M6 Perse capability on the ground of defense of ating 1s her claim tenable? (BAR 1990, 2000) Stan ground when inthe ight doctine Ane wich dbes not equte a person bo s ‘ner he asa ight be io retreat nthe face fa rpllyacvancingatiocker nearing i ‘wid deadly weapon but ees him te do Inatever he blisves is necessary Uo pote inser rom great cil harm. (US Dare (GR Ne Ls1298%, Oster 25.1917) ‘A: HO, Linas lar that she ated in defense of Honor is not (enable becnise the alee ‘gression on er gar ha aieady ceased, Defense of bona as included in soletense, rast have been done fo prevent or repel an Uelawiut aggression. There Is no deense to ‘peak of where the Unswtel aggression no Tongereusts NOTE: Strd ground when in the right deerine (5 the rus fed in the Phiipnes 35 See, rey par ee eee ee ‘opposed tothe retreat tothe wall doctrine ‘rolling a tae Munitpal Park when they fore blbeked by Your (4) persone, namely Talog, Concepcion, Ramifez and Lita ‘Moreado was walking ahesd of Gain, When be looked bac he sa Cain being ganged mmby tho groupol the accuced-appelante Ineld both the hands of Gat, while Lalog stabbed Gala Lalog aeitted stabbing Gain in eelelfence, Wil Hi defonse Iie? If yes, ‘why? Ifnotwhat encase concad oF Rotreatto the wal doctrine This dane makestt the dy of apeceon ‘ealedto retreat sear ashe can balore hale sie necting force wnt force (U5 Donon GR Wa 12960, Detaber 25,1917) Pt tom at EC ‘As Lalog’ dlense wil not ln To aa of aa. ‘Getense se joetiying ieametancn soanoto {Incer any eorinl Int, mat be proved swith coring by ststsetary and coming ‘videnco which exhales any vestige of erimiral ‘Segvesion on th pot ofthe parson inven, ithe testimony” of proseton ntnast, stead that Gai wae tabbed ath bale by Lalo ohio both hi and were being hod by the ater appellants ie mors logialbolevable ‘and. in. consonance with the physi ‘idence Purthermere, the mmber of wounde ‘Ststined by Gains indicative of Lalo’ dese {old the former ad nat really defend nome lecnige nots ingle momen ofthe fnidon was isle ad limb beingendangeted wih the coerce of seedefens, Battered woman A woman stho is rpentaly subjected ve any fercfl physical or pjeholgis behavior by ‘pantocoerceherta dosoethinghe wants hr {edo without any concer forhor ih. NOTE: Tobe dasifedaca bateredwoman the ls aust ge through the batering cyl st lent vic, Any woman ray find hese in an susie slotership wth a smn once IP Secor second tn and che remain in hs Situation, abe ts define asa battered soma (People. Ceres, CR No. 13590, Jonvery 18, Duivensiry oF Santo Tomas Bo svveetven vere 28BOOK! FELONIES “nauered Woman Synrome” (OWS) (Giese reo psa Ps Ls), Ie tefers w a scientifeally defied pater of psycolegal and behaverl symp found In women vag In bateringrefausnps 252 ‘esulcofcumulatve abuse 0 9262 Sec 5). sattery teisaryactofintetng physica nar upon the woman or her child ecating ta, pyc psjehlageal er emetionl dhstress/R4 6262. Sees. ‘The aterodwomm syndrome chaseorted bythe soled cycle of waloce, whi hoe 3 phase ‘Tension balding phase; 2. Auto battering neidont an ‘Tanga loving (or st least en violent phase NOTE: The defense should prove al three {@)phasos of eyeloof veloncecharactorizing the relationship of the parties (People Genes bid. ‘BWS used as a dofense (BAR 2014, 2015) Vitis suavivers we ate found bythe courte besaforingirembatiered wersn syrcromede fet incur any cimipal or cil Tabty tetolthstanding the absence of any of the ements for Resffing ereurstances of sl Aetenavunertie RPC (GA 92, See 26) {a layman's terms if an bused roma oF Fnfits physiealinjries oa her abusive husband rlvednparrer on the til cout deters ‘hat she iy sfering from “Batered Woman Syndrome” te court wl declare rn ull) (Peoples Genco, Bid) ‘The hw pow atows de taversd woman syndrome as aval defense tthe tie of Patrice indepencentofsel-dsferss under he EC (Ra 9762, 52.26). Inthe detersinaon ofthe sae of mind othe woman whe ‘sas sufening tom aired “woman syreme x thet tthecemmisson ff the erie the corte shal be assed by ft petits psyches (4 9262 ser). 29 NOTE: Only = carted psyehelogls: or pachiaesst can prove the ience of 3 atored Woman saérome ia woreen Women who canaall of RWS2sa defense 1. wie; 2 Former ite 4. Awoman unit whom the person has or ada enasl or cating restore NOTE: The “dating rlaionship” thatthe Igw contemplates eon ect even witost 3 eoual Inercourse thing glee bebwon ‘heseinveied. {A.A woman with whom he has ammo cid, ‘or agaist er child sthetherloiate oF eptomte, within or without he fay abode Requistteso defense of relatives 1. Unlawd aggression: 2 Reasonable aecessty of the means cmployed wo prevent or repel ane 13. meas the provocation was given by \efensetndn part therein Meaning ofthirdreeuisite ‘Thee is sla eyumate defense even if ce relative beng deena is given provocation Relatives covered under thajastying spouse: reendane Desens Leitimat, 2dpted brethersnsstes ot reise by aft im the Fame depress warn. accendant-low dare ‘rs, and siblings), 0d 5. Rolaivs by consanguinity withia the Ath ctaegree NOTE: If tho degree of consanguinity crafty 4 beyond the fourth dagree wil bo ‘oneered deren cfs tanger NOTE Dent of one epeuse doce not termite ‘heralationsn by allt etched beeen the surmung spouse adhe blood relative of UniveEsiry oF Santo TomasCRIMINAL LAW. the deceased (esate Bate of Manolta Gonzales Vela. De Carungang . Fel GR No. 181993 Februoy 11,2010. NOTE: Moves rele n this Rad of dese. 1. Unlunfal gression: 2 Resemabio necessity of the moans etployed te prevent or repel and The pateon defending 8s nt induced ty revenge, resentment ar ater ei Who are deemed strangers? ‘Any person net included nthe enumartion of relavves mentioned np. 2A 11 of RPC ET a r Reslstes of state of necessity (BAR 1990) usc t be avoided actully exis Iny ferred be greetsr than tt dene aout, There be ao other pracical and less arn neans a preventing and ‘There most be no conbutes on he pact ofthe acased otcaised i ewltoarse, NOTE: The state of necessty must not nave Deen raught about by the Teghigonce ot Lmpruderce by he ane invoking te async ‘Sreunssnces (BAR 1998, 2008) Doctrine ofset-nelp The ourerorlawrulpessesorofa things he Fento excite ay person fam the erjosmen Aandasposal thereat (At 429, New OwiGede), For hs purse, he tay use sich Tote as fnapbe reasonably aeessytorepel er prevet ‘fn acral or Mreatenedunwf pyse inves piel aston of wsirpation os property. Covers injury 0 persons snd damage property. 2 Mo iScowewwers arn njriows dsasrous, and destructive, ‘As contemplated aust tally east IF 5 ‘erly expecta ot antpated. the one actag by such neti stot ta satect nesty. Person incurring beneftis Civil able “The persons for whose bene the Barn has een prevented sail te tly take it proportion ta he berafiewhch tay reeied [NOTE ‘The ci ably refered to herein is cad not on the act come bu onthe ene cere fram te te facet 50 receive ay Benes ot ofthe state of wees Person who di net participate nthe damage ‘woaidbe vl bale they ceived bento the state of neces ‘State of Necessity vie vie Acedent ery ae Offender Offender acide elven caused | caused damage Requises of uilnenc of duty 1. Accused acted nthe prorranee oa diny fromthe Int exrese 9/3 re roe 2. jy ousod or arense conmaces be the secesary consequence of the de Performance of uty or the fat exercise tau nghteretie (@:Lucresia wasrbbed other bracelet inher se. Th olowing day, Lucress, whe round the eight arm of Jan. As soon 3 the later Ie, Lucroria went to a noarby police sation and cought the help of Pat. Mile eyes fe wont wit Lucresia tothe house of fun Jan to confront the lator Pat Reyes introdced mss ae 2 policeman sid eed to get hol of jun Jun who ressted nd ram say Pat Reyos chased bir and fired wo warning shots inthe aie but Jane Jum continued to tun Pat. Reyes hot bien in the right lg Jur Jun washitand hell down bathe crawied towards fence, intonding to ee hrougian oponing aadormesth WhenBOOK I~ Fetonies at Reyoe was about Smetors away, hefirad Another shot at Jun hitting him at the ght lower hip. Pat. Rayos brought [unin ter the hospital, but Because of praftce Dlecding he aventualy die Pat Reyes wae fubsequently charged ith homicige, Daring the wal, Pat Reyes raiged the defense, by wayefexoneration dhtheseted In the fuliment ofa duty. Ie the defonse ‘enabler 1k: NO. The defense of having acted in the faldment of 3 ety reuies as 2 conn, der ai, iat he ury ot ofense erated Detheuravoicale arnecesaryconsequence the due performance of tho day (People Denis G2 No. 47722, Jy 27,1949). es po enough tthe acused ated in flint « hur. ter unen mas sho in the abt eg aad wasairendy craving therewas no ned for Par Reyer te shoat him any Farther, Clay, Pat, Reyer acted oyord the ell of day, which brougt about he cause ef death of the wii (WAR 2000}. IENCETO AN ORDER Raton Si Requisite of sbedionce te an oor tnued for'some awl purpoes 1 Anarder hat been evel by superior 2 Seah order wast be for seme. etl purpose sea Means used bythe saber slordr ila NOTE: Doth the person tho gave the oder and the perzon who executed fe must be ating ‘vit the Litton prescribed by aw ‘The application of the lw is wet lnited te onders made by pubic efcersionfecor publ ‘fils, Thus, vero a escaping prisoner ‘wi id nt Know hat is employer Is eaing the pusen compour a he ese drive fo Din to gow His ale in prewous icient fore te scape, cannot de held abe Matera of good fa subordinate onthe part of the Ihe obeyed an order in zoo fat nt being wate fis ilgaly. ne Hot Labie. However the order mast noe be patency egal 1 the order i patency ila, tie eecamststee tannet etal ovled NOTE: Even if the onde is patnty Hoga the ‘subordinate may stl by able to Inveko an ferrin teumetanee (1) hovng acted ypon the compulsion of on troitble fore or (2) lundor helps ofan tneontolsle es. (Qe Mayor Adalin wes transferred fern the provindal fretidenee of Governor Ambil upon the Issuance of the order granting te jail ‘warden of euch actions, Gov. Amb tied to Jstify the transfer by stating ‘caused by te Imminent threats Adal. Sondiganbayan conve ‘warden and Gor. AM gulltyfor vietaciag See 32) of RA 301% May the overnorsetionsbe justified onthe ground ‘hat hemerely acted in the ultnent of is duc? May the acMons of the Jal warden be Justited as he was moely folowing orders fromthe governor? A: NO. Apowemorfa province sropawerto Urder the transfer of denon prsone, Nar fan the provincial al warden fll sack an ‘iat ord" nether of them can Invoke ihe Jastipirg creamstance 3 lawl (ambit Sanatgentyen, Gi Ne 175457 Jy 6 orth What are fxemptingcrcunstances (aan Inmate)? These are grounds for exemption from Drmisamene Because there kr wanting #2 the gent ofthe crime any ofthe conditions whied Irak the act voluntary or negligent (Rye, 2 Gre Mo erimsl lability, but there i ch lskaky XPM: Pr, 4 and Par. 7: exempted from both ‘rininal endl aby ‘Thofollowing are exompted fm eininal Habiley (HPSACAF) LL Animbeeilecean insane person nlesstie letras acted dating alued trv Univesity or Santo Tomas