ABSTRACT

-The needs of a greenhouse structure it is to provide protection and a controlled environment

for raising plan indoors. This research we are design and implement an embedded system
based on microcontroller (Arduino) system. For automatic and manual monitor and control of
greenhouse. Our embedded system is record the parameters such as humidity, temperature,
and light that control the environmental conditions in the plant field. The designed system
shows the importance of monitoring and controlling via graphical user interface.
Table of Contents
Abstract..............................................................................................................i

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................1

1.1. Background of the study ................................................................1

1.2. Problem statement ....................................................... ……………..2

1.3. Objective ......................................................................................2

1.3.1. General objective ............................................. ………………….2

1.3.2. Specific objectives ...............................................................2

1.4. Literature Review ....................................................... ………………….2

2. METHODOLOGY......................................................................... ………………….4

3. EXPECTED OUTCOME .....................................................................................8

4. WORK PLAN ................................................................................................... 9

 1. Introduction
1.1 background of the study
Greenhouse is a kind of place which can change plant growth environment, create the best
conditions for plant growth, and avoid influence on plant growth due to outside changing
seasons and severe weather . For greenhouse measurement and control system, in order to
increase produced plant yield, improve quality, regulate the growth period and improve the
economic efficiency, the optimum condition plant growth is obtained on the basis of taking full
use of natural resources by changing greenhouse environment factors such as temperature,
humidity, light, and soil moisture. Through doing this the plants and trees yield will increase and
its quality also becomes better. The operators that work in the greenhouses face the problem
of getting accurate estimation of greenhouse environmental factors. Manual control is
inefficient and more energy is wasted due to continuous operation of electrical loads (light, fan,
heater etc.). The operator should appear physically to monitor the water level of the tank and
to periodically on and off respective loads. Those problems describe above causes decrease in
plants yield, additional cost and wastage of energy.

Greenhouse measurement and control system is a complex system， it needs various

parameters in greenhouse automatic monitoring, information processing, real-time control and
online optimization. The development of greenhouse measurement and control system has
made considerable progress in the developed countries, and reached the multi-factors
comprehensive control level, but if the foreign existing systems is introduced, the price is very
expensive and maintenance is not convenient.

In recent years, Ethiopia, in flower (Rose) cultivation, has launched many projects based on
greenhouse. The measurement and control system used in these greenhouses is mostly based
on cable, so it is not only wiring complex, but also unfavorable to improve the system efficiency.
With the rapid development of the low cost, low power sensor and wireless communication
technology, the conditions that construct wireless greenhouse measurement and control
system becomes mature, and it is important to realize agricultural modernization .
1.2 Problem statement
The greenhouse system is a complex system. Any significant changes in one climate parameter
could have an adverse effect on another climate parameter as well as the development process
of the plants. Therefore, continuous monitoring and control of these climate factors will allow
for maximum crop yield. Temperature, humidity and light intensity are the three most common
climate variables that most growers generally pay attention to. However, looking at these three
climate variables will not give the growers the full picture of the operation of the greenhouse
system. Therefore, continuous monitoring and control of these climate factors will allow for
maximum crop yield Greenhouse installations require a large amount of wires and cables to
distribute sensors and actuators. Therefore, an embedded based solution with wireless
techniques can be proposed.

There is a need to provide suitable environment for the cultivation of plant in all seasons of the
year. There are many disadvantages of the conventional systems such as; high effort and cost
expended in the old system.

1.3 Objectives
1.3.1. General objective
The main objectives of this research are to design and realize a low cost wireless sensor
network based technology for monitoring and controlling greenhouse climate.

1.3.2. Specific objectives

Along with the above main objective this project deals with the following specific objectives:

a) Specify all materials required to accomplish this project.

b) Model the system in block diagram form.

c) Design the overall schematic diagram of the system.

d) Develop control program for the controller to accomplish the control strategy.

e) Simulate the system in Proteus 8 professional software.

1.4. Literature Review
The concern with a lot consumer needs and demand for the agriculture products has
stimulated awareness among the farmer that increases their products in the market by
implementing advance technologies in the industry. The products that are important that may
come to farmers’ interest that controls the use of natural sources and natural environment
which controls agriculture with various aspects. Therefore, this problem makes farmers’
interest to implement agro-conditions sending alert notification messages to farmers using
GSM and SMS technology. The proposed system is aimed to be a reliable and cost.

The agro-environmental remote monitoring system can be implemented in various conditions

such as in monitoring temperature, soil and water levels. By utilizing existing technology, the
natural environment and resource which we get nature ally, the temperature is very important
criteria for the plants to be monitored efficiently.

Previously, human labor plays major role in the monitoring farm and plants in the agriculture
field. For some crucial plants such as vegetarian and flower plants, which need 24 hours
attention from human so that the plant quantities and qualities are controlled with proper
management by the collected data and information from the field. This will provide enormous
foundation for future growth and future development of their plants in the green house.
However, with the increasing size in farming areas, this type of manual practice is increases
time consuming the cost of the labor.

2. METHODOLOGY
To implement the main objectives, the following methods need to be followed:
a) Different literatures were reviewed to explore the problem and possible solutions related
to the project.
b) Decide the system requirements such as the sample plant for the system.
c) Based on the system requirement, make high level system design.
d) Partition the high level design into modules.
e) Study and design each modules of the system and thus develop schematic diagram of the
whole system.
f) Develop control program with c programing language for the Microcontroller using MikroC.
g) Finally, the proposed system is tested using simulation by Proteus 8 professional software
tool.

In this proposed system, GSM based design and simulation of intelligent greenhouse control
system is automatically controls the greenhouse parameters such as temperature, humidity,
light illumination, and soil moisture. This system consists of processing unit, sensor unit, relay
control unit, display unit and GSM module. The system tends to control the environmental
factors by monitoring them through sensors and turns on/off the respective loads according to
the analysis carried out by the controller. To design this system different methodologies are
used, some of these methods are decide the system requirements such as the sample plant for
the system and Develop control program with c programing language for the Microcontroller
using MikroC. Finally, the system is tested using simulation by Proteus 8 professional software
tool.

Figure 2.1
Block Diagram description
1. Sensors

In this system consist of various sensors, like soil moisture, humidity, temperature and light
intensity and sent to analog to digital converter. A Sensor is a device that detects or measures a
real-world condition, such as motion, heat or light and converts it to analog or digital
representation.
A. Soil Moisture Sensor

In green house soil moisture sensor is used to determine the level of water in soil. Conductivity
of soil depends on the moisture of soil. Variable resister is used for adjust the sensitivity of
sensors which connected to transmitter. Here leads act as a sensors probe which used to test
the water level in soil. If the soil is dry then no conduction path between the two copper leads
the sensor circuit remains open. When water level added then leads to an increase in its
conductivity forms conduction path between the two sensors probes leading to close path for
the current flowing from supply to transistor through the sensor probes.
B. Light Sensor

Light Dependent Resistor also knows as photoconductor or photocell is used to vary according
to the amount of light falling on its surface. It is very sensitive visible light range .LDR decreases
as intensity of light falling on it increases. Here LDR and normal resistor are wired in series
across a voltage, depending on this which uhm ktied 5v and 0v will either rise or fall with
increasing light with increasing the sensor node. Afteer this the sensor node voltage is then
compared with threshold voltages for different level of light intensity.
D. Humidity Sensor and Temperature Sensor

In the green house humidity sensor is used for sensing the humidity. Relative humidity is a
measure in percentage, at a given temperature the vapors in the air compare to the total
amount of vapors. It is low power design, high accuracy with fast response time.

Temperature sensor is used to sensing the temperature. It is an integrated circuit sensor that
can used to determine temperature with an electrical output proportional to the temperature.
It is low self-heating.
2. Liquid Crystal Display

A liquid crystal display is used to display the current status of parameters When LCD is not
display is not enabled, data lines are tri state and they do not interact with the process of the
microcontroller .Data can be placed at any location on the LCD.

3. Relay
For green house automation sugar cube relay used. Relays are switches, the terminology
applied to switches is also applied to relays.
4. GSM

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless
modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up
modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends
and receives data through radio waves. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a
SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate.

3. EXPECTED OUTCOME
The main goal of this project is to achieve a high production from the crops and reduce the
man power in the irrigation. By using this project we are sinking the human work instead of
daily monitoring and again there is no need of person for monitoring the crops daily. With help
of this present system, even though there are no good environmental conditions, we are
providing exact and necessary conditions for proper growth of plants in artificial way . Then the
plants growth will be good and the crop production rate increases. The greenhouse parameters
present in the environment may affect the crops very badly in some particular seasons and
areas. So by using this system we can avoid all those conditions. This system is easy to
understand and operate. In addition we can reduce the food scarcity in Ethiopia with the help
of this system.
4. WORK PLAN
No December January

Literature Review W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4

1 Collection of
Literature
2 Study of Literature

3 Analysis of Proposed
Scheme
4 Preparation of
Schemes / Model
5 Implementation of
Schemes/Model
6 Analysis & Simulation

7 Result Formulation

8 Final Write-up &

Thesis Submission