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5 Put the verbs into the correct tense: 6 Choose the correct words.
present perfect simple, past simple or 1 Olga’s exams haven’t finished yet / already so
past perfect simple. she’s still busy revising.
1 Belinda was very upset when she realised that 2 By the time / After we finished our survey, we’d
she (lose) her new smartphone. talked to more than 50 people.
2 He (just send) me an email but I 3 We should try to be a bit quieter because Ben
haven’t had time to read it yet. has just been / gone to bed.
3 you (see) that 4 I’m a bit worried because it’s 10 o’clock now and
documentary about the North Pole on TV last my brother still / just hasn’t called me.
night? 5 Elisabeth started having music lessons last
4 There (not be) much interest in the year. So far / Up to that point she hadn’t been
school trip so far. I hope it doesn’t get cancelled. interested in learning an instrument.
5 We never (experience)
such bad weather until those storms last
summer.
Reading
Critical Thinking
A Have you noticed how there’s so much talk about critical thinking skills these days? There are hundreds of
websites and books devoted to the topic and in some countries, you can even get a secondary school qualification
in critical thinking. So, what exactly is it and why is it generating so much interest?
B Critical thinking means different things to different people. For some, it’s about answering questions without
letting your own emotions and beliefs get in the way. For others, it’s about accepting that one question might have
different answers. However, if we put these differences to one side, most people would agree that critical thinking
describes the process of analysing and evaluating a situation in order to understand the truth. For this process to
work, critical thinkers have to be self-disciplined, careful in their analysis and open to new ideas.
C Surprisingly, critical thinking is not a new concept. In fact, it began in the teachings of the ancient Greek
philosophers more than two thousand years ago. They were concerned that ordinary citizens automatically believed
their leaders without asking themselves whether they were right or wrong. However, these philosophers thought it
was important for a society to know the truth, and that was only possible by asking the right questions. This belief
has been held by many of the brightest thinkers ever since. Without it, we might still think that the sun orbits the
Earth or that the Earth is flat.
D Despite the importance of critical thinking in human history, the situation changed in the 19th century with the
industrial revolution. More children than ever had access to education, but they studied subjects which were useful
for industrial society, like maths and English. Although students learnt in large groups, there were few opportunities
for critical thinking. Students were generally expected to be passive learners, learning facts and taking tests. They
would sit in rows and only speak if they were spoken to by the teacher.
E This way of teaching has endured for over 150 years and is still common today. However, a growing number
of people now believe that school leavers need different skills to overcome the challenges of the 21st century.
Among them is the ability to ask the right questions to achieve a better understanding of the world around us. This
means not just accepting that what you are told is the truth. It also means being able to work on your own to find
answers and solve problems. Not only that, but students should also be able to work with others by contributing to
arguments in a useful and meaningful way.
F As a result, teachers are now thinking about how they can promote critical thinking skills in teenagers. For
example, in many classrooms, students are no longer required to sit passively, memorising facts and figures.
Instead, they are asked to think carefully, share experiences and give opinions. In fact, even the classrooms
themselves are changing. Nowadays you’re more likely to find collaborative spaces where students sit in small
groups, use tablets and work on projects. It’s an exciting time in education and it will be interesting to see how the
next generation of thinkers turns out.
12 Choose the correct word or phrase 14 For each of the sentences (1–5), respond
(a, b or c) to fill each gap. with one or two sentences giving your
My sister’s university is taking a new approach to reasons and/or examples.
teaching called the flipped classroom. In Remember to:
traditional university classes, (1) give • use phrases to show you agree, disagree or
classes to halls full of students. However, it can partly agree
be difficult to (2) everything the lecturer
says and students often (3) with notes that • be polite if you don’t agree and explain why
are lacking important information. In contrast, in 1 I’m not sure that many students like doing work
the flipped classroom approach, the lectures are experience because you’re just working for
recorded and students watch them on the nothing.
internet. They can pause, rewind and play them
as many times as they like. Universities often
(4) websites as well with quizzes and
forums to help students understand the lecture.
Although some universities have been
(5) following this approach, it’ll be 2 I think a lot of young people would like online
interesting to see if it works. courses because they’re more interactive and
engaging than traditional courses.
1 a) instructors b) coaches c) lecturers
2 a) qualify as b) concentrate on c) succeed in
3 a) dig up b) look up c) end up
4 a) set up b) use up c) speak up
5 a) criticised b) interested c) paid 3 I’d imagine that most students like going on field
for in attention to trips because it gives them a chance to get out of
the classroom.
Speaking
13 Choose the correct words. 4 Students probably prefer working in groups
1 A: Young people can’t learn anything from because it’s really boring when you have to work
watching TV. alone.
B: But don’t you think / say there are some
educational programmes?
2 A: We spend too much time doing exams, in my
opinion.
B: You’ve got a reason / point but I do think 5 Voluntary teaching is quite popular and I think
they’re important. it’s because students like the idea of helping
3 A: I never used to like sports lessons at school. younger ones.
B: Me neither / too. The teacher was always
really hard on us.
4 A: I think the best way to learn is by doing it
yourself.
B: Absolutely / Really. Practice makes perfect!
5 A: I used to spend all my time in the library
when I was at school.
B: So / Neither did I. There was an amazing
selection of books in our library.
Writing
17 Read the essay question in the box. Imagine you have written your first paragraph, introducing
your essay and stating your opinion. Now rewrite sentences 1–5 using the word(s) given to
complete paragraph 2, explaining why shorter school days would be better for students.
Shorter school days would be better for both students and teachers. Do you agree?
1 Shorter school days would be better for students. They would have more time for after-school activities.
I WOULD ARGUE THAT … AS
2 Some after-school activities are important for teenagers’ development. Some examples of after-school
activities are volunteering and doing sports.
SUCH AS
3 Students would also benefit from a shorter school day. They would not get so tired.
BECAUSE
4 Many students are exhausted by the end of the day. They find it difficult to do their homework well.
THIS IS WHY
5 Young people do not spend enough time with their families. Shorter school days would also be good for
family life.
IN MY VIEW … SO
18 Now write a third paragraph, explaining why shorter school days would be better for teachers.
Use your own ideas.
Remember to:
• use phrases to show your opinions
• include reasons or examples to justify them
• check your spelling and grammar
Total score