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Investigation of short column effect of RC buildings: Failure and prevention

December 2010 · Computers and Concrete 7(6)

DOI:10.12989/cac.2010.7.6.523 Download full-text PDF

Authors:
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İsmail Hakkı Çağatay Khalid Mosalam
Caner Beklen
Cukurova University University of California, Berkeley

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Citations (10) References (8)

Abstract

If an infill wall in a reinforced concrete frame is shorter than the column height and
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there is no initial gap between the column and the infill wall, the short column effect
can occur during an earthquake shaking. This form of damage is frequently observed 20+ million members
in many earthquake-damaged buildings all around the world and especially in
135+ million publications
Turkey. In this study, an effective method, which consists of placing additional infill
wall segments surrounding the short column, to prevent this type of failure is 700k+ research projects
examined. The influence of adding infill wall in the reduction of the shear force in the
short column is also investigated. A parametric study is carried out for one-storey
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infilled frames with one to five bays using the percentage of the additional infill wall
surrounding the short column and the number of spans as the parameters. Then the
investigation is extended to a case of a multistorey building damaged due to short
column effect during the 1998 Adana-Ceyhan earthquake in Turkey. The results show
that the addition of the infill walls around the potential short columns is an effective
way to significantly reduce the shear force.

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Citations (10) References (8)

... Short column failure in the 1988 Adana-Ceyhan earthquake due to partially infilled frame (Cagatay, Beklen, &
 Mosalam, 2010) . ...
A model for determining the arrangement and geometric specifications of infill walls in the architectural design to
improve the seismic behavior of buildings
Article
Jun 2022
Azadeh Noorifard · Fatemeh Mehdizadeh · Mohammad Reza Tabeshpour

View Show abstract

... Extensive collapses of masonry-infilled RC frames in the past earthquakes (e.g. San Fernando 1971,
Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995, Jabalpur 1997, Wenchuan 2008, L'Aquila 2009, Port-au-Prince 2010, Lorca 2011
have revealed that the masonry infills have a negative influence on the seismic performance of infilled frames,
such as the soft-story failure mechanism caused by vertical discontinuity of masonry infills (Dolsek and Fajfar,
2001;Verderame et al., 2011), torsional failures induced 1 by the asymmetry of infills in the plan (Correnza et al.,
1994;De Stefano et al., 1998), and short-column effects due to the openings in infill walls (Bikce, 2011; Cagatay et
al., 2010) . Even for the RC frames with regularity in plan and elevation, the collapse of masonry walls may also
lead to vertical or plan irregularity and further result in the unexpected soft-story or torsional failure mechanisms
for the whole structure during earthquakes. ...

Numerical modeling and seismic evaluation of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames retrofitted with carbon
fiber–reinforced polymer wraps
Article
Jan 2018 · ADV STRUCT ENG
Xiaolan Pan · Jiachuan Yan · Zhen Yu Wang · Chaoying Zou

View Show abstract

... Many reinforced concrete buildings were seriously damaged in past earthquakes due to presence of short
columns [10, 15] . Short columns can be classified into two groups. ...

The 2011 Earthquake in Simav, Turkey and Seismic Damage to Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Article Full-text available
Feb 2013
Adem Doğangün · Ali Ural · Halil Sezen · Kader Fırat

View Show abstract

... There can be many cases causing the appearance of short column effect within a structure, such as
oversized cross sectional dimensions of columns, structure with staggered stories, setting infill walls between
two columns and so on. Short columns at the ground storey of the structures are prone to brittle shear failure
which may result in severe damages or even collapse because of the poor ductility during earthquakes (Guevara
and García 2005a, Caglar and Mutlu 2009 , Cagatay et al. 2010a , Chen et al. 2010b, Koçak 2013a. Many
earthquake reconnaissance studies and experimental results have revealed that splitting failure is one of typical
failure patterns for short RC columns. ...

Experimental behavior and shear bearing capacity calculation of RC columns with a vertical splitting failure
Article
Dec 2015
Peng Wang · Qing X. Shi · Qiu W. Wang · Yi Tao

View Show abstract

... of buildings. Moretti and Tasios (2007) investigated the behavior of short columns under cyclic loads; Salau
(2003), published his findings on long-term deformation of short columns. Doğan (2011), studied the effects of
short columns formed by structural irregularities on buildings, Çağatay et. al. (2010) , investigated the effect of
short column of RC buildings and compare with the damages which occurred after Adana-Ceyhan earthquake.
Bikce (2011), studied about a method which reduce short column effects in buildings with reinforced concrete
infill walls on basement floors. ...

The effect of short columns on the performance of existing buildings

Article Full-text available

May 2013 · STRUCT ENG MECH

Ali Kocak

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 ... From the results of their experimental study Kakaletsis and Karayannis (2007) found out that in order to
provide an improvement in the performance of an infilled frame, the location of the opening in the infill must be
as near to the edge of it as possible. Cagatay et al. (2010) claimed that, in their work, additional infill walls on the
two sides of a short column decreased the shear force in it, appreciably. ...

How to reduce short column effects in buildings with reinforced concrete infill walls on basement floors
Article
Apr 2011 · STRUCT ENG MECH
Murat Bikçe

View Show abstract

... Earthquake behavior of reinforced concrete structures has always been a remarkable subject and examined
by many researchers in order to prevent structural irregularities (Dimova and Alashki 2003, Ganjavi et al. 2007,
Athanassiadou 2008, Belmouden and Lestuzzi 2009 , Cagatay 2010 , Wang et al. 2012). Ö zmen (2004
investigated the effect of torsional irregularity for a series of walled and framed sample structures with different
shear wall configuration under earthquake loading, and concluded that maximum torsional irregularity values are
obtained when the both number of axes and the number of stories are low. ...

The effect of architectural form on the earthquake behavior of symmetric RC frame systems
Article Full-text available
Feb 2014 · COMPUT CONCRETE
Tuğba İnan Günaydın · Koray Korkmaz · İsmail Hakkı Çağatay

View Show abstract

Experimental study on the behaviour of RCC in-filled frame resting on sloped ground level
Article
Jan 2021
Pradeep Sivanantham · s. Senthil Selvan · K.s. Satyanarayanan

View Show abstract

Comparative Capacity Assessment of CFRP Retrofit Techniques for RC Frames with Masonry Infills Using Pushover
Analysis
Article

Aug 2018
Zhi Zheng · Xiaolan Pan · Xu Bao

View Show abstract

An investigation on plan geometries of RC buildings: With or without projections in plan

Article Full-text available

Jun 2012 · COMPUT CONCRETE
Tuğba İnan Günaydın · Koray Korkmaz · İsmail Hakkı Çağatay

View Show abstract

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The problem of reinforced concrete frames with stiffness or mass irregularities is investigated. The study is conducted on
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How to reduce short column effects in buildings with reinforced concrete infill walls on basement fl...

April 2011 · Structural Engineering & Mechanics

Murat Bikçe

Band windows are commonly used in reinforced concrete structures for the purpose of ventilation and lighting. These
applications shorten the lengths of the columns and, consequently, they are subject to higher shear forces as compared with
those of hollow frames. Such short columns may cause some damages during earthquakes. Hence, these effects of short
columns should be minimized by choosing the ... [Show full abstract]

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Article Full-text available

Lateral Behavior of Partially Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Inserts
 y y

January 2010 · Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice

K. Subramanian · Chandrasekaran Jayaguru

Masonry infill walls increase the initial stiffness of reinforced concrete frames and attract more seismic shear forces on
buildings thereby reducing the demand on the frame members. Sometimes window or ventilator openings have been left in
the infill wall for architectural necessities. Many reinforced concrete constructions with such partial masonry infill face serious
earthquake damages due to ... [Show full abstract]

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Article

Failure analysis of reinforced concrete frames with short column effect

October 2009 · Computers and Concrete

Naci Caglar · Mahir Mutlu

Short column effect is cause to failure of columns which may result in severe damages or even collapse during earthquakes.
The scope of the study is mainly to reveal the effect of short column on the holistic behaviour of the buildings. The nonlinear
analysis of 31 different frame buildings containing short column problem are carried out using finite element method. The finite
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The failure of an industrial building in the industrial zone of Adana, Turkey has been investigated. All the columns on the outer
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lateral reinforcement was not adequate and the hoops were not in accordance with the local code. The second storey of the
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