CHAPTER 1 Art and Nature of Art To appreciate art is to understand and be knowledgeable of the universal and timeless qualities of all great art. The more you appreciate and understand arts in general, the better you can develop your own artwork, Philippine Pottery Group of girls dancing the Tinikling © U.S. http://www hadrianmendazapottery com/philippines Air Force/Senior Airman Nestor Cruz/ Wikicommons. nttps://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articies/ tinikting-the-national-dance-of-the-philiopines-with- bombco-poles/ At 103, Whang-Od is the oldest living Kalinga Mambabatok Photo by Erron Ocampo. Attps://travelnow.onemega.com/whang-od-batok-and-the-buscalan-experience/Lesson 1 THE NATURE AND THEORIES OF ART WHAT IS ART? Art comes from the Latin word “ars” meaning ability or skill. It covers those areas of artistic creativity that seek to communicate beauty primarily through the senses. The quality, production, or expression of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance is a Work of art and equivalent to saying that it is also a. visual expression of an idea. Art applies to such activities that express aesthetic ideas by the use of skilland imagination in the creation of objects, environment and experiences, which can be shared with others. Art implies anything accomplished with great skill. ARTS “art is to evoke in oneself 2 feeling one has experienced and having evoked it in oneself, then by means of movements, lines, colors, sounds, or forms expressed in words, so to transmit that feeling that others may experience the same feeling.” = Leo Tolstoy “We can also say that we are involved in art when we compose a melody, sing songs beautifully and dance gracefully: there Is the art of dressing of relaxing, art of cooking and in almost all-human activities.” — Estolas History of Arts in the Philippines The art of the Philippines refers to the works of art that have developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up to the present era. Philippine art reflects to its society and non-Filipinos the wide range of cultural influences on the country’s culture and how these influences honed the country's arts, . In the 1920s, Fernando Amorsolo and his constituents established the Amorsolo School of painting, Its influence would continue to grow for decades, where their work became widely known. Their works were not only seen as paintings, but were widely reproduced in calendars, cards, illustrations for books, publications, and corporate advertisements. In sculpture, Guillermo Tolentino was trained in the academy in Rome. He became the proponent of classical sculpture in the Philippines, as seen in his public monuments and statues. The art of the Philippines can be divided into two: Traditional Arts and Non-Traditional Arts. 1. TraditionalArt, Bearers of traditionalarts can benominatedas Gawad Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA), equal to National Artist. Forms of this art are: folk architecture, weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk graphic arts, and folk oral literature. 2. Non-Traditional Arts. Bearers non-traditional arts can be nominated as National Artist, equal to Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan. Forms of this art are: dance, music, theatre, visual arts, literature, film and broadcast art, architecture and design.THE THEORIES OF ART The theory of art contrasts with the defini ion ofart. Traditionally, definitions include fundamental, adequate, and single counterexample that overthrows such definition. On the other hand, theorizing about art is similar to a theory of natural phenomenon like gravity. As a matter fact, the main purpose of a theory of art is to treat art like other natural phenomenon that needs to be investigated. Also, the theory of art employs with the concept of art and the reasons will be discussed below. Seeking a theory is better than seeking a definition because human minds cannot find definitions without counterexamples. A definition assumes that there are concepts, in something along Platonic lines, and a definition is an attempt to discover and extract the essence of the concept. Also, it assumes that human intellect can access these concepts. In contrast, a conception is an attempt to understand the assumed essence while nobody has really access to the concept. A theory of art presumes that people have different conceptions of this unattainable art concept, thus humans must resort to worldly investigation. 1. Expressionism Art. It is a term used to describe works of art in which the representation of reality is distorted to communicate an inner vision, Expressionism was an art movement and international tendency at the beginning of the 20% century, which spanned the visual arts, literature, music, theatre and architecture. The aim of artists was to express emotional experiences, rather than physical reality. Expressionismas a theory of art startedin 1905, and lasted till approximately 1920 The expressionist artworks in early twentieth century were often based on the Edvard munch. The Scream hitos://uww theartstory ora/ artist's inner feclings, which involved highly movement/expressionism/artworks/ intense color and non-naturalistic brushwork A good example for this is the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, who was a key forerunner of the Expressionism movement. 2. Distortion Art. In the art world, a distortion art is any change made by an artist to the size, shape or visual character of a form to express an idea, convey a feeling or enhance visual impact. Exaggerating, twisting, and elongating forms are used to emphasize an intense feeling to do this. Le Reve “The Dream” in French word is Pablo Picasso's most famous, expensive and also controversial painting of all time. The highly contrasting colors and the overly simplified depiction of Picasso's period of distorted depictions. He had various periods of different types of depictionsin his art during his time. This style is said to be near the style of Fauvism, which also used contrasting colorsPablo Picasso is one of the great contributors of distorted artworks. He is very famous for his paintings of distorted faces. However, many people don't realize that he is a genius artist who created 1,800 paintings all through his lifetime. In fact, he constantly changed his painting style throughout his career, including realism. At the age of 14, Picasso painted “The Old Fisherman” (1895), and this justifies the depth and breadth of his ingenuity. Formalism Art. Formalism is an approach used by art critics to examine and evaluate works of ~~, peve by Pablo Picasso art. It is basically one of the oldest methods to _https//d1d2h206)t2san.clouafront. evaluate art, This approach is the basis of art "#t/Posts-images/743x483/461_151 3158844MStST og criticism that is why artist are driven to learn and improve their natural skills. Formalism emphasizes compositional elements such as color, line shape, and texture. This theory of art describes the critical position that the most important aspect of a work of art is its form-the way it is made and it's purely visual aspects-rather than its narrative content or its relationship to the visible world. In painting therefore, aformalist critic would focus exclusively on the qualities of color, brushwork, form, line and composition. In formalistic approach, an artist analyzed the form and style of an artwork The meaning of an artwork is not emphasized _¢ Gardener Vallier by Paul Cézanne here, but rather the elements of arts such as line _hitps/www tate org ub/art/ort. and color are given importance. At some point, terms/f/formalism the artwork is given secondary characteristic completely out of consequence. The assessment of an artwork is purely dependent on the artists’ skill and not on the subject matter, with the value based primarily on the elements of arts with little regard for the viewer's context perception.Realism. Artists in Europe adopted realism as a new style of art in the middle of the 19 century. This art movement transformed the western art world because of its unprecedented attention to everyday subject matter. Realism actually emergedin Francein the 1850s. The establishment of the “right to work” event in 1848 revolution in the country had made worthy artistic subjects such as the idea of average, working class people, contemporary settings, and day-to-day scenes. The function of the artist is to illustrate as accurately and honestly as possible what he observed through his senses. Abstraction. Abstract art does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of a visual reality but instead use shapes, colours, forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect. It can be ina simplified or schematized forms based on object, figure, or landscape. It is also applied to artworks using forms like geometric shapes, which does not have source in anexternal visual reality. Concrete art or non-objective art are the preferred terms of pure abstract artists. However, the word abstract is widely used and the difference between the two is not obvious. The Stone Breakers by Gustave Courbet, ttps://www.gustave-courbet.com/ the-stonebreakers jsp Cossacks by Wassily Kandinsky, Tate Gallery ttps://www tate org. uk/ art /artworks/kandinsky- cossacks-n0494gLesson2 BASIC ELEMENTS OF ARTS The elements of art are components or parts work of art that can be isolated and defined, They are the building blocks used to create an art. Thought Co by Marina Li nttps://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-the-elements-of art-182704 Line Line is a mark with length and direction. It is a continuous mark made by a moving point. Since it is one-dimensional, it varies in width, direction, and length. Oftentimes, lines define the edges of a form. Also, a line can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, straight orcurved, thick or thin, and it shows different meanings, feelings, and emotions Kinds of Line 1. Horizontal lines suggest a feeling of rest or repose because objects parallel to the earth are at rest. In this landscape, horizontal lines also help give a sense of space. httos://yourartpath.com/types-of-line-in-art- meaning2. Vertical lines often communicate a sense of height because they are perpendicular to the earth, extending : ves hitps://yourartpath.com/types t e-in-art-meaning 3, Zigeag lines convey action and excitement, as well as restlessness and anxiety. https://yourartpath.com/types-of-line-in-ort-meaning 4. Curve lines convey energy. Soft, shallow curves recall the curves of the human body and often have a pleasing, sensual quality and a softening effect on the composition. https ‘com/types-of-line-in-art-meoningShape and Form Shape and form define objects in space. Shapes have two dimensions-height and width-and are usually defined by lines. Forms exist in three dimensions, with height, width, and depth Shape has only height and width. Shape is usually, though not always, defined by line, which can provide its contour. nalgelleries.org/art-and-artists/S4738/blue-fon Form has depth as well as width and height. Three-dimensional form is the basis of sculpture, furniture, and decorative arts Paul's Turn by Anthony Caro 1971 (cor-ten steel) https://www.artyfactory.com/art_oppreciation/visual-elements/shope.htm| 1Space In a work of art, space refers to a - feeling of depth or three dimensions. It can also refer to the artist's use of the area within the picture plane. The area around the primary objects in a work of art is known as negative space, while the space occupied by the primary \ objects is known as positive space. The relationship of positive to negative space Mortis Louis's acrylic painting Alpha-Phi, 1961 Tate Gallery, London can greatly affect the impact of a work jen. yyw pvitannica com/an/pant of art. Texture ‘The perfect illusion of three-dimensional space in a two-dimensional work of art is something that many artists, such as Pieter Saenredam, labored to achieve. Color Colors can be described as warm (red, yellow) or cool (blue, gray), depending on which end of the color spectrum they fall. It consists of intensity (brightness) and value (lightness or darkness). Value is used by an artist to create different moods, For example, dark colors are used in a composition to convey a sense of mystery or foreboding. Light colors are often used to describe a light source within the composition, which conveys a sense of hope or possibilities. On the other hand, intensity describes the purity or strength of a color. Since bright colors are undiluted, it is often associated with positive energy and heightened emotions. While dull colors are diluted and it is often associated with sedate or serious mood. Introduction to the Color Wheel ‘The Color Wheel, which was developed by Sir Isaac Newton in 1666, is the basis for all color theory. The 12 basic colors are called hues. The Color Wheel hetps://www.igercolorcom/color-lab/color-theory/color-theory-intro.htm#-~text=your%20base%20color.- _ Primary%2C%20Secondary%200nd%20Ter tiary%20Colors, mixing&20primary%20and%20secondary%20 colors 2Texture Texture is the surface quality or feel of an object, its smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. Textures may be actual or implied. Also, an artist can present visual textures in two dimensions. The visual sense in a two-dimensional artwork is depicted as if it would feel like real if touched. On the other hand, the tactile quality of the artist's three- dimensional work is actual, thus making its texture real. Texture Depicted in Two-Dimensions Artists use color, line, and shading to imply textures. Detail of Bouquet of Flowers in an Urn, 1724 by Jan Van Huysum https://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/v lements/texture. hen 13