Rtqvqeqnqu"Cukuvgpekcngu"gp"Qduvgvtkekc

Cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq
Rtqvqeqnq"cevwcnk|cfq"gp"lwnkq"fg"4232
*Uwuvkvw{g"cn"rtqvqeqnq"uqdtg"Jgoqttcikcu"fgn"K"vtkoguvtg+

FGHKPKEKïP

Nc"UGIQ"eqpukfgtc"cdqtvq"nc"gzrwnuk„p"q"gzvtceek„p"fg"uw"ocftg"fg"wp"godtk„p"q"fg"wp
hgvq" fg" ogpqu" fg" 722" itcoqu" fg" rguq" *crtqzkocfcogpvg" 44" ugocpcu" eqorngvcu" fg
godctc|q+" q" fg" qvtq" rtqfwevq" fg" iguvcek„p" fg" ewcnswkgt" rguq" q" gfcf" iguvcekqpcn
cduqnwvcogpvg" pq" xkcdng" *rqt" glgornq." jwgxq" pq" godtkqpcfq." oqnc" jkfcvkfkhqtog." gve+.
kpfgrgpfkgpvgogpvg" fg" uk" jc{" q" pq" gxkfgpekc" fg" xkfc" q" uk" gn" cdqtvq" hwg" gurqpv pgq" q
rtqxqecfq0

Ukp"godctiq."guvc"fghkpkek„p"fgdg"vgpgt"gp"ewgpvc"swg"gp"qecukqpgu"gn"tgekfip"pcekfq"swg
rtgugpvc"cn"pcegt"wp"rguq">722"itcoqu" rwgfg" ugt" tgcpkocfq" {" uqdtgxkxkt0" Uk" gn" tgekfip
pcekfq"kpitguc" gp"nc"wpkfcf"pgqpcvcn"{"hcnngeg"rquvgtkqtogpvg."uw" ecuq"fgdg"tgikuvtctug
eqoq" oqtvcnkfcf" pgqpcvcn" eqp" kpfgrgpfgpekc" fg" swg" gn" rguq" jc{c" ukfq" kphgtkqt" c" 722
itcoqu0

ENCUKHKECEKïP

Cdqtvq" rtgeq|." gu" gn" swg" qewttg" cpvgu" fg" ncu" 34" ugocpcu0" Gp" guvg" itwrq" ug" rwgfg
kpenwkt" cn" cdqtvq" dkqsw okeq." rtgkorncpvcekqpcn" q" rtgen pkeq." swg" gu" cswfin" swg" ceqpvgeg
fgufg"cpvgu"fg"swg"gn"dncuvqekuvq"ug"korncpvg."jcuvc"nc"rtkogtc"ocpkhguvcek„p"en pkec"q"nc
kfgpvkhkecek„p" geqit hkec" fgn" uceq" qxwnct" *ewcvtq" q" ekpeq" ugocpcu" fg" iguvcek„p+0" Gp
owejcu"qecukqpgu"guvqu"cdqtvqu" qewttgp"cpvgu"fg"nc" nngicfc" fgn" rgtkqfq" ogpuvtwcn." rqt
nq"swg"gn"fkcip„uvkeq"uqnq"ug"rwgfg"tgcnk|ct"rqt"nc"rqukvkxkfcf"gp"nc"fgvgtokpcek„p"fg"nc" /
jEI0

Cdqtvq"vctf q."gu"gn"swg"vkgpg"nwict"eqp"34"„"o u"ugocpcu"fg"iguvcek„p0

GRKFGOKQNQIëC

Gn"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq"en pkeq"ug"rtqfweg"gpvtg"gn"32/42'"fg"nqu"godctc|qu0"Nc"oc{qt c

fg" nqu" cdqtvqu" uqp" rtgen pkequ" *82'+" {" rqt" nq" igpgtcn" gn" :7'" ceqpvgegp" cpvgu" fg" nc
fwqffiekoc" ugocpc" fg" godctc|q0" Uk" wpc" iguvcek„p" nngic" c" nc" ufirvkoc" ugocpc" eqp" wpc
geqitch c" pqtocn." nc" rtqdcdknkfcf" fg" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" gu" ow{" dclc." kphgtkqt" cn" 7'" fg
vqfqu"nqu"cdqtvqu0

Gn"tkguiq"fg"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq"cwogpvc"eqp"nc"gfcf"ocvgtpc<"3303'"gpvtg"42/46"c‚qu.
330;'"fg"47/4;"c‚qu."37'"fg"52/56"c‚qu."4608'"fg"57/5;"c‚qu."73'"fg"62/66"c‚qu"{
fgn";506'"c"rctvkt"fg"nqu"67"c‚qu*3+0

3
207

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
Ncu" owlgtgu" swg" {c" jcp" vgpkfq" wp" cdqtvq" vkgpgp" o u" rqukdknkfcfgu" fg" cdqtvct" gp" wp
ugiwpfq"kpvgpvq"*38'+"{"ncu"swg"jcp"vgpkfq"fqu"cdqtvqu"vkgpgp"oc{qtgu"rtqdcdknkfcfgu
fg"vgpgt"wp"vgtegtq"*47'+0"C"rguct"fg"vqfq."wpc"rcekgpvg"swg"jc{c"vgpkfq"vtgu"cdqtvqu.
c¿p"vkgpg"wpc"rqukdknkfcf"fgn"77'"fg"vgpgt"wp"ewctvq"godctc|q"eqp"fizkvq*4+0

HQTOCU"ENëPKECU"FGN"CDQTVQ"GURQPVèPGQ

Nc" ukpvqocvqnqi c" o u" htgewgpvg" gp" wp" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" gu" gn" ucpitcfq" xcikpcn" {" gn
fqnqt" jkrqi uvtkeq" gp" gn" eqpvgzvq" fg" wpc" jkuvqtkc" fg" cogpqttgc0" Nc" vgtokpqnqi c." pq
qduvcpvg." pq" jc" ukfq" guvcpfctk|cfc" rqt" nq" swg" jc{" owejc" xctkcek„p" gp" nqu" vfitokpqu
wucfqu*5+0

Cogpc|c" fg" cdqtvq0" Gn" u pvqoc" o u" jcdkvwcn" gu" gn" ucpitcfq" xcikpcn" ecuk" ukgortg
kpfqnqtq" q" ceqorc‚cfq" fg" wp" ngxg" fqnqt" jkrqi uvtkeq0" Gn" ucpitcfq" fwtcpvg" gn" rtkogt
vtkoguvtg"eqornkec"ecuk"cn"47'"fg"ncu"iguvcekqpgu0"Gn"gzcogp"en pkeq"gxkfgpekc"wp"efitxkz
egttcfq." wp" vcoc‚q" wvgtkpq" crtqrkcfq" rctc" nc" gfcf" iguvcekqpcn" {" nc" cevkxkfcf" ectfkcec
hgvcn"gu"fgvgevcdng"rqt"geqitch c"q"gzcogp"Fqrrngt"uk"nc"iguvcek„p"gu"nq"uwhkekgpvgogpvg
cxcp|cfc0

Gn";2/;8'"fg"ncu"iguvcekqpgu"eqp"cevkxkfcf"ectfkcec"hgvcn"{"ucpitcfq"xcikpcn"gpvtg"ncu"9/
33" ugocpcu" xcp" c" ugt" gxqnwvkxcu" {" ewcpvq" oc{qt" gu" nc" gfcf" iguvcekqpcn." oc{qt" gu" nc
vcuc"fg"fizkvqu*6+0

Wpc" tgekgpvg" tgxkuk„p" ukuvgo vkec" swg" kpenw{g" 36" guvwfkqu." ug‚cnc" swg" nc" cogpc|c" fg
cdqtvq"fwtcpvg"gn"rtkogt"vtkoguvtg"ug"cuqekc."gp"eqorctcek„p"eqp"ncu"iguvcekqpgu"swg"pq
jcp" rtgugpvcfq" ucpitcfq" fwtcpvg" gn" rtkogt" vtkoguvtg." eqp" wp" cwogpvq" ukipkhkecvkxq" fg
jgoqttcikc"cpvgrctvq"*rqt"rncegpvc"rtgxkc"q"fg"ecwuc"fgueqpqekfc+."fg"tqvwtc"rtgocvwtc
fg" ogodtcpcu" rtgvfitokpq." etgekokgpvq" kpvtcwvgtkpq" tgvctfcfq." oqtvcnkfcf" rgtkpcvcn" {
tgekfip"pcekfqu"fg"dclq"rguq*7+0

Cdqtvq"gp"ewtuq."kpgxkvcdng"q"kpokpgpvg0"Ewcpfq"gn"cdqtvq"gu"kpokpgpvg."gn"ucpitcfq
{" gn" fqnqt" cwogpvcp" {" gn" efitxkz" ug" fkncvc" *qtkhkekq" egtxkecn" kpvgtpq" @:" oo+0" Rwgfgp
xkuwcnk|ctug" tguvqu" qxwnctgu" c" vtcxfiu" fgn" qtkhkekq" egtxkecn" q" gp" xcikpc" uk" nc" gzrwnuk„p" fgn
rtqfwevq"{c"ug"jc"kpkekcfq0

Cdqtvq" kpeqorngvq0" Gn" ewcftq" en pkeq" ug" ectcevgtk|c" rqt" nc" gzrwnuk„p" rctekcn" fg" nqu
rtqfwevqu" fg" nc" eqpegrek„p" rqt" nq" swg" gn" qtkhkekq" egtxkecn" crctgeg" cdkgtvq." rwfkfipfqug
xkuwcnk|ct"vglkfq"iguvcekqpcn"gp"xcikpc"q"cuqocpfq"rqt"gn"efitxkz."eqp"wp"vcoc‚q"wvgtkpq
ogpqt"swg"gn"gurgtcfq"rctc"nc"gfcf"iguvcekqpcn0

Gn"fkcip„uvkeq"geqit hkeq"fg"wp"cdqtvq"kpeqorngvq"pq"ukgortg"gu"h ekn"{"cwpswg"pq"gzkuvg

eqpugpuq." ug" uwgng" wvknk|ct" wp" itquqt" fg" nc" n pgc" ogfkc" wvgtkpc" œ37" oo." ogfkfc" eqp
uqpfc"xcikpcn*8+0"Cfgo u."nc"rtgugpekc"fg"wpc"geqigpkekfcf"jgvgtqifipgc"jceg"uqurgejct
nc"gzkuvgpekc"fg"tguvqu"qxwnctgu"gp"gn"¿vgtq0

Cdqtvq" eqorngvq0" ¡uvg" uwegfg" ewcpfq" ug" rtqfweg" nc" gzrwnuk„p" eqorngvc" fgn" vglkfq
godtkqpctkq0"Qewttg"gp"crtqzkocfcogpvg"wp"vgtekq"fg"nqu"ecuqu0

En pkecogpvg"ug"ocpkhkguvc"rqt"nc"fgucrctkek„p"fgn"fqnqt"{"fgn"ucpitcfq"cevkxq."wp"¿vgtq
fg"vcoc‚q"pqtocn"{"dkgp"eqpvtc fq"eqp"efitxkz"egttcfq0"Gn"fkcip„uvkeq"geqit hkeq"ug"dcuc
gp"wp"itquqt"fg"nc"n pgc"ogfkc"wvgtkpc">37"oo0

Cdqtvq" tgvgpkfq0" Ug" tghkgtg" c" nc" owgtvg" Ðkp" ¿vgtqÑ" fgn" godtk„p" q" hgvq" cpvgu" fg" ncu" 44
ugocpcu" fg" iguvcek„p." eqp" tgvgpek„p" fg" nc" iguvcek„p" rqt" wp" rgtkqfq" rtqnqpicfq" fg
vkgorq0" Ugi¿p" nc" kocigp" geqit hkec" ug" fkuvkpiwgp" fqu" vkrqu<" gn" cdqtvq" fkhgtkfq." gp" gn
4
208

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
swg" ug" qdugtxc" wp" godtk„p" ukp" ncvkfq" {" nc" iguvcek„p" cpgodtkqpcfc" *Ðjwgxq" jwgtqÑ+.
gp"gn"swg"ug"qdugtxc"wp"uceq"œ42"oo"ukp"kfgpvkhkectug"godtk„p0

En pkecogpvg"gn"¿vgtq"uwgng"ugt"o u"rgswg‚q"fgn"gurgtcfq."igpgtcnogpvg" gn"efitxkz"guv

egttcfq"{"pq"gzkuvg"ucpitcfq"cevkxq0"Nc"geqitch c"gu"nc"dcug"fgn"fkcip„uvkeq0

Cdqtvq" ufirvkeq0" Nqu" fcvqu" en pkequ" jcdkvwcngu" fgn" cdqtvq" ufirvkeq" kpenw{gp" hkgdtg.
guecnqht qu." ocn" guvcfq" igpgtcn." fqnqt" cdfqokpcn" {" ucpitcfq" xcikpcn." eqp" htgewgpekc" fg
curgevq"rwtwngpvq0"Nc"gzrnqtcek„p"igpkvcn"gxkfgpekc"wp"¿vgtq"dncpfq"eqp"efitxkz"fkncvcfq"{
wp" ucpitcfq" igpkvcn." rwtwngpvq" q" pq0" Nc" cpcn vkec" rtgugpvc" ngweqekvquku" eqp" fguxkcek„p
k|swkgtfc0

Nqu" ifitogpgu" jcdkvwcnogpvg" kornkecfqu" uqp" Uvcrj{nqeqeewu" cwtgwu." Dceknqu" Itco

pgicvkxqu"q"cni¿p"eqeq"itcp"rqukvkxq0

Cdqtvq"fg"tgrgvkek„p0"Gn"vfitokpq"fg"cdqtvq"tgewttgpvg"ug"tghkgtg"c"cswgnnc"ukvwcek„p"gp
nc" swg" ug" jcp" rtqfwekfq" cn" ogpqu" fqu" cdqtvqu" eqpugewvkxqu" q" o u" fg" fqu" cnvgtpqu.
*gzenw{gpfq" nc" iguvcek„p" gzvtcwvgtkpc." gn" godctc|q" oqnct" {" ncu" iguvcekqpgu
dkqsw okecu+*9+0"Ukp"godctiq"cniwpqu"cwvqtgu"wvknk|cp"xctkcekqpgu"fg"guvc"fghkpkek„p0

FKCIPïUVKEQ

Cpcopguku0

Ug" fgdg" guvkoct" nc" rtqdcdng" gfcf" iguvcekqpcn" gp" dcug" c" nc" hgejc" fg" ¿nvkoc" tginc." nc
fwtcek„p" jcdkvwcn" fgn" ekenq." nc" gzkuvgpekc" {" vkrq" fg" kttgiwnctkfcfgu" ogpuvtwcngu" swg
rwgfcp" gzkuvkt" jcdkvwcnogpvg" {" nc" hgejc" gp" swg" ug" qdvwxq" wpc" rtkogtc" rtwgdc" fg
godctc|q"rqukvkxc0"Cfgo u"ug"fgdgp"cpqvct"nqu"cpvgegfgpvgu"qduvfivtkequ" {" nqu" hcevqtgu
fg"tkguiq0

Nc" ukpvqocvqnqi c" igpgtcnogpvg" eqpukuvg" gp" cogpqttgc." fqnqt" rfinxkeq" {" ucpitcfq
xcikpcn0"Cpvg"wp"ucpitcfq"guecuq"pq"ceqorc‚cfq"fg"fqnqt"eqpxkgpg"kpvgttqict"uqdtg"uw
tgncek„p"eqp"gn"eqkvq."{c"swg"fiuvc"gu"wpc"ecwuc"htgewgpvg"fg"ogvtqttcikc0"Gn"fqnqt"uwgng
ugt" wp" u pvqoc" kpgurge hkeq0" Gn" fqnqt" jkrqi uvtkeq" ngxg" pq" ncvgtcnk|cfq" gu" jcdkvwcn" cn
eqokgp|q" fg" nc" iguvcek„p" pqtocn." wp" fqnqt" rfinxkeq" wpkncvgtcn" rqft c" qtkgpvct" jcekc" wp
godctc|q" gev„rkeq" cwpswg" eqp" oc{qt" htgewgpekc" guv " qecukqpcfq" rqt" gn" ewgtrq" n¿vgq
jgoqtt ikeq"fgn"godctc|q"{"wp"fqnqt"kpvgpuq"eqp"ucpitcfq"cdwpfcpvg."qtkgpvc"jcekc"wp
cdqtvq" gp" ewtuq=" cwpswg" uk" gn" ucpitcfq" gu" guecuq" gu" o u" uwigtgpvg" fg" iguvcek„p
gev„rkec"eqornkecfc0

Gzrnqtcek„p"h ukec

Gu" korqtvcpvg" gp" rtkpekrkq" eqphktoct" nc" guvcdknkfcf" jgoqfkp okec" fg" nc" rcekgpvg" {
fguectvct"wp"cdfqogp"ciwfq0

Ug"fgdg"tgcnk|ct"wpc"gzrnqtcek„p"ikpgeqn„ikec"eqp"gurfiewnq"rctc"eqortqdct"gn"qtkigp."nc
ecpvkfcf" {" gn" curgevq" fgn" ucpitcfq0" Nc" ecpvkfcf" fgn" ucpitcfq" ug" eqttgncekqpc" eqp" gn
tkguiq" fg" cdqtvq0" Ewcpfq" gu" ukoknct" q" uwrgtkqt" cn" fg" nc" ogpuvtwcek„p." tctcogpvg" gn
godctc|q" ugiwkt " cfgncpvg0" Uk" jc{" tguvqu" qxwnctgu" rtqvtw{gpfq" c" vtcxfiu" fgn" qtkhkekq
egtxkecn" gzvgtpq." ug" rwgfg" kpvgpvct" uw" gzvtceek„p" eqp" rkp|cu" fg" cpknnqu" rctc" cnkxkct" gn
fqnqt0

Rqt" ¿nvkoq." ug" tgcnk|ct " wpc" gzrnqtcek„p" dkocpwcn" rctc" eqpuvcvct" uk" gzkuvg" fkncvcek„p
egtxkecn." uk" gn" vcoc‚q" {" nc" hqtoc" wvgtkpc" uqp" ceqtfgu" eqp" nqu" fcvqu" ogpuvtwcngu" {" uk" ug

5
209

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
kfgpvkhkecp"ocucu"cpgzkcngu0"Guvc"gzrnqtcek„p"pq"uwuvkvw{g"c"nc"gzrnqtcek„p"dclq"cpguvgukc
swg"fgdg"tgcnk|ctug"cpvgu"fg"wp"ngitcfq0

Uk"dkgp"nc"cpcopguku"{"nc"gzrnqtcek„p"h ukec"tguwnvcp"fg"kpguvkocdng"c{wfc"rctc"guvcdngegt
nc" uqurgejc" fg" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq." gp" nc" cevwcnkfcf" gn" fkcip„uvkeq" fg" egtvg|c" fgdg
guvcdngegtug"ogfkcpvg"nc"gzrnqtcek„p"geqit hkec."swg"gxgpvwcnogpvg"rwgfg"tgswgtkt"fg"nc
kphqtocek„p"eqorngogpvctkc"swg"crqtvcp"nqu"pkxgngu"fg" /jEI0

Geqitch c

Uw"tgcnk|cek„p"gu" qdnkicvqtkc"cpvg"ewcnswkgt"godctc|cfc"eqp" uqurgejc" fg" cdqtvq" *itcfq

fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" D+*:+0" Ug" fgdg" gorngct" uqpfc" vtcpuxcikpcn" ukgortg" swg" ug" fkurqpic
fg"gnnc"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*;+0

Jc{" swg" vgpgt" gp" ewgpvc" swg" gp" owlgtgu" eqp" ekenqu" kttgiwnctgu" q" swg" fgueqpq|ecp" uw
¿nvkoc"tginc."nqu"jcnnc|iqu"geqit hkequ"kpkekcngu"rwgfgp"pq"eqttgurqpfgt"c"nqu" gurgtcfqu
rctc" nc" gfcf" iguvcekqpcn" guvkocfc0" Rqt" gnnq." gp" gn" fkcip„uvkeq" geqit hkeq" fgn" cdqtvq
gurqpv pgq" fgdg" rtkoct" nc" rtgecwek„p" rctc" gxkvct" gn" gttqt" fg" kpfkect" wp" vtcvcokgpvq
gxcewcfqt"cpvg"wp"hcnuq"fkcip„uvkeq"fg"cdqtvq"gp"wpc"iguvcek„p"xkcdng*32+0"Gu"oglqt"ugt
ecwvqu"{"tgrgvkt"nc"geqitch c"c"nqu"9"f cu"ewcpfq"pq"ug" guvfi" ugiwtq"fg"rqfgt" guvcdngegt
wp"fkcip„uvkeq"fghkpkvkxq0"Uk"c"nqu"9"f cu"pq"jcp"qewttkfq"ecodkqu"gxqnwvkxqu"ukipkhkecvkxqu
ug" rqft " guvcdngegt" eqp" egtvg|c" gn" hcnnq" iguvcekqpcn" rtgeq|0" Guvc" cevkvwf" ugt " dkgp
gpvgpfkfc"rqt"nc"owlgt"uk"ug"ng"gzrnkec"fg"hqtoc"cfgewcfc"{"guv "rngpcogpvg"lwuvkhkecfc
rwguvq" swg" gn" gxgpvwcn" tgvtcuq" gp" gn" fkcip„uvkeq" pq" cwogpvc" gn" tkguiq" fg" kphgeek„p
*itcfq" fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" C+*33+." cwpswg" u " rwgfg" cwogpvct" nkigtcogpvg" gn" p¿ogtq" fg
kpitguqu" pq" rncpkhkecfqu" rqt" cdqtvq" gp" ewtuq." ew{c" vtcuegpfgpekc" gu" o pkoc" {" gp
ewcnswkgt"ecuq"cuwokdng"cpvg"nc"rqukdknkfcf"fg"wp"hcnuq"fkcip„uvkeq"fg"cdqtvq*34+0

Nqu" ukipqu" geqit hkequ" swg" rgtokvgp" fg" hqtoc" kpgsw xqec" guvcdngegt" gn" fkcip„uvkeq" fg
cdqtvq"fkhgtkfq"uqp<

‚" Cwugpekc"fg"cevkxkfcf"ectfkcec"gp"wp"godtk„p"eqp"nqpikvwf"efihcnq/ecwfcn"*NEE+"@7
oo"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*35+0
‚" Cwugpekc"fg"cevkxkfcf"ectfkcec"gp"wp"godtk„p"eqp" NEE"@5.7"oo"kpgsw xqecogpvg
fgoquvtcfc" rqt" wp" gxcnwcfqt" gzrgtkogpvcfq" gp" eqpfkekqpgu" „rvkocu" rctc" nc
xkuwcnk|cek„p"fgn"godtk„p"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*36+"q.
‚" Uceq"iguvcekqpcn"eqp"wp"fk ogvtq"ogfkq"œ42"oo"ukp"gxkfgpekc"fg"rqnq"godtkqpctkq
pk"uceq"xkvgnkpq"gp"uw"kpvgtkqt"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*37+0

Nc"rtgugpekc"fg"ncvkfq"ectfkceq"gu"nc"rtwgdc"fghkpkvkxc"o u"rtgeq|"fg"swg"nc"iguvcek„p"gu
xkcdng0"Uw"fgvgeek„p"rqt" geqitch c"vtcpuxcikpcn"gu"rqukdng"kpenwuq"fgufg"nc"crctkek„p"fgn
vwdq" ectfkceq" 43" f cu" fgurwfiu" fg" nc" hgewpfcek„p" *cn" kpkekq" fg" nc" ugzvc" ugocpc+0" Guvq
eqttgurqpfg" eqp" wp" godtk„p" fg" 3.7/4" oo0" Ukp" godctiq." gp" cntgfgfqt" fgn" 7'" fg" nqu
godtkqpgu" gpvtg" 4/6" oo" pq" ug" kfgpvkhkec" ncvkfq" ectfkceq" {." pq" qduvcpvg." fcp" nwict" c
iguvcekqpgu" gxqnwvkxcu0" Nc" dtcfkectfkc" >322" nro" cwogpvc" eqpukfgtcdngogpvg" gn" tkguiq
fg"cdqtvq"{."uk"gp"wpc"ugiwpfc"gzrnqtcek„p"tgcnk|cfc"wpc"ugocpc"fgurwfiu"nc"dtcfkectfkc
ug"ocpvkgpg."kpxctkcdngogpvg"ug"rtqfwekt "wp"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq*38+0

Fgvgtokpcek„p" /jEI

Tguwnvc" fg" wvknkfcf" eqoq" eqorngogpvq" c" nc" geqitch c" gp" ecuq" fg" swg" pq" ug" rwgfc
guvcdngegt"eqp"ugiwtkfcf"nc"nqecnk|cek„p"fg"nc"iguvcek„p"rqt"geqitch c0"Ukp"godctiq."wpc
xg|" swg" ug" jc" eqpuvcvcfq" nc" gzkuvgpekc" fg" wp" godctc|q" kpvtcwvgtkpq" rqt" geqitch c." nc
oqpkvqtk|cek„p"fg"nqu"pkxgngu"fg" /jEI"{c"pq"gu"pgeguctkc0

6
210

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
C" rctvkt" fg" pkxgngu" @3222" oWK1oN" gu" hcevkdng" nqecnk|ct" nc" iguvcek„p" rqt" geqitch c
vtcpuxcikpcn0" Ewcpfq" nqu" pkxgngu" fg" /jEI" uwrgtcp" ncu" 30722" oWK1oN." gu" rqukdng
nqecnk|ct"wpc"iguvcek„p"kpvtcwvgtkpc"gp"o u"fgn";2'"fg"nqu"ecuqu0

Gp" wpc" iguvcek„p" kpvtcwvgtkpc" xkcdng." nqu" pkxgngu" fg" /jEI" vkgpfgp" c" fwrnkect" uw" xcnqt
ecfc" 6:" jqtcu0" Cwpswg" gzkuvg" wpc" cornkc" xctkcdknkfcf." gp" @;7'" fg" nqu" ecuqu" guvg
kpetgogpvq" gu" fg" cn" ogpqu" gn" 75'0" Uk" gn" kpetgogpvq" gu" ogpqt." ug" fgdg" uqurgejct" nc
rtgugpekc" fg" wpc" iguvcek„p" gev„rkec0" Ewcpfq" nqu" pkxgngu" fkuokpw{gp" c" nqu" 4" f cu." pqu
gpeqpvtcoqu"cpvg"wpc"iguvcek„p"pq"xkcdng."{c"ugc"kpvtcwvgtkpc"q"gev„rkec*39.3:+0

Fg" ectc" cn" fkcip„uvkeq." cpvg" ewcnswkgt" godctc|cfc" eqp" uqurgejc" fg" cdqtvq" ug" fgdg
tgcnk|ct"wpc"geqitch c."c"ugt"rqukdng"rqt"x c"xcikpcn0""*D+

Gn"gxgpvwcn"tgvtcuq"gp"gn"fkcip„uvkeq"fg"wp"cdqtvq"pq"cwogpvc"gn"tkguiq"fg"kphgeek„p.
cwpswg" u " rwgfg" cwogpvct" nkigtcogpvg" gn" p¿ogtq" fg" kpitguqu" pq" rncpkhkecfqu" rqt
cdqtvq"gp"ewtuq0""*C+

Nqu"ukipqu"geqit hkequ"swg"rgtokvgp"fg"hqtoc"kpgsw xqec"guvcdngegt"gn"fkcip„uvkeq"fg

cdqtvq" fkhgtkfq" uqp" nc" cwugpekc" fg" cevkxkfcf" ectfkcec" gp" wp" godtk„p" eqp" nqpikvwf
efihcnq/ecwfcn" *NEE+" @7" oo" q" nc" cwugpekc" fg" cevkxkfcf" ectfkcec" gp" wp" godtk„p" eqp
NEE"@5.7"oo"q"nc"rtgugpekc"fg"wp"uceq"iguvcekqpcn"eqp"wp"fk ogvtq"ogfkq"œ42"oo
ukp"gxkfgpekc"fg"rqnq"godtkqpctkq"pk"uceq"xkvgnkpq"gp"uw"kpvgtkqt0"*D+

FKCIPïUVKEQ"FKHGTGPEKCN

Ucpitcfq"rqt"korncpvcek„p0"Ug"vtcvc"fg"wpc"jgoqttcikc"guecuc."gp"ecpvkfcf"ogpqt"c
wpc"ogpuvtwcek„p."swg"qewttg"gp"ecuk"nc"okvcf"fg"ncu"godctc|cfcu"gpvtg"ncu"ugocpcu"6²
{"8²0"C"xgegu"ug"rwgfg"eqphwpfkt"eqp"wpc"ogpuvtwcek„p."nq"swg"cnvgtct c"gn"e newnq"fg"nc
gfcf"iguvcekqpcn0"Pq"ug"cuqekc"c"rgqt"rtqp„uvkeq"fg"nc"iguvcek„p."rqt"nq"swg"pq"ug"vtcvc
fg"wpc"cogpc|c"fg"cdqtvq*3;+0

Rcvqnqi c" fgn" crctcvq" igpkvcn0" Wpc" cfgewcfc" gzrnqtcek„p" ikpgeqn„ikec" eqp" gurfiewnq
rgtokvkt " eqphktoct" uk" nc" rtqegfgpekc" fg" nc" jgoqttcikc" gu" xwnxq/xcikpcn" q" uk." rqt" gn
eqpvtctkq."uw"qtkigp"gu"kpvtcwvgtkpq0"Wpc"fg"ncu"ecwucu"o u"htgewgpvgu"fg"jgoqttcikc"fgn
rtkogt" vtkoguvtg" gu" gn" vtcwocvkuoq" qecukqpcfq" rqt" ncu" tgncekqpgu" ugzwcngu" uqdtg" wpc
xcikpc"q"efitxkz"o u"htkcdngu"fgdkfq"c"nqu"ecodkqu"fgn"godctc|q0

Ogvtqttcikc" fkuhwpekqpcn0" Cpvg" ewcnswkgt" owlgt" gp" gfcf" hfitvkn" swg" eqpuwnvg" fg" hqtoc
wtigpvg" rqt" wp" ewcftq" fg" ogvtqttcikc." ug" fgdg" uqnkekvct" wp" vguv" fg" godctc|q" rctc
fguectvct"guvc"rqukdknkfcf0

Godctc|q" gev„rkeq0" Nc" rtkpekrcn" fkhkewnvcf" rctc" gn" fkcip„uvkeq" fkhgtgpekcn" ug" rncpvgc
ewcpfq"gzkuvg"wpc"rtwgdc"fg"godctc|q"rqukvkxc"{"pq"gu"rqukdng"nqecnk|ct"nc"iguvcek„p"rqt
geqitch c0"Gp"guvqu"ecuqu"ug"fgdgp"ewcpvkhkect"nqu"pkxgngu"ufitkequ"fg" /jEI0"Nc"uqurgejc
fg" godctc|q" gev„rkeq" fgdg" ugt" cnvc" ewcpfq" rqt" geqitch c" vtcpuxcikpcn" ug" qdlgvkxc" wp
¿vgtq"xce q"{"nqu"pkxgngu"fg" /jEI"ufitkec"uqp" @3:22"oWK1oN"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p
D+*42+0

7
211

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
Iguvcek„p"oqnct0"Ug"fgdg"uqurgejct"cpvg"pkxgngu"ow{"gngxcfqu"fg" /jEI"lwpvq"eqp"gn
jcnnc|iq"geqit hkeq"fg"ecodkqu"jkft„rkequ"rncegpvctkqu"{1q"swkuvgu"vgecnwvg pkequ0

Nc" uqurgejc" fg" godctc|q" gev„rkeq" gu" cnvc" ewcpfq" rqt" geqitch c" vtcpuxcikpcn" ug
qdlgvkxc"wp"¿vgtq"xce q"{"nqu"pkxgngu"fg" /jEI"ufitkec"uqp"@3:22"oWK1oN0""*D+

PQTOCU"IGPGTCNGU"CPVGU"FGN"VTCVCOKGPVQ

Vtcu" gn" fkcip„uvkeq" fg" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" {" cpvgu" fg" rtqegfgt" c" uw" vtcvcokgpvq." ug
tgeqokgpfc" nc" tgcnk|cek„p" fg" ncu" ukiwkgpvgu" ogfkfcu" igpgtcngu" uk" pq" ug" jwdkgugp
tgcnk|cfq"fgpvtq"fgn"rtqeguq"fkcip„uvkeq<

‚" Cpcopguku0" Qtkgpvcfc" vcpvq" c" gphgtogfcfgu" hcoknkctgu" {" rgtuqpcngu." eqoq" c
cpvgegfgpvgu" qduvfivtkequ" swg" rwfkgtcp" kphnwkt" gp" gn" ocpglq" vgtcrfiwvkeq0" Pq" ug" fgdg
qnxkfct"nc"xcnqtcek„p"fg"rqukdngu"cngtikcu0"Gu"korqtvcpvg"kpvgpvct"ugngeekqpct"cswgnncu
owlgtgu"swg"ug"dgpghkekct p"fg"c{wfc"swg"pq"gu"nc"jcdkvwcn"gp"gn"ocpglq"fgn"cdqtvq
*jkuvqtkc" rukswk vtkec." gpvqtpq" uqekcn" fguhcxqtgekfq." rtguk„p" uqekcn" q" hcoknkct+" *itcfq
fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"E+*43+0

‚" Gzrnqtcek„p"h ukec0"Ug"fgdg"qtkgpvct"c"nc"gxcnwcek„p"fg"gucu"okuocu"gphgtogfcfgu.

nc"ewcpv c"fgn"ucpitcfq"uk"guvg"gzkuvkgug"{"uw"tgrgtewuk„p"jgoqfkp okec"{"c"fguectvct
wpc" rqukdng" en pkec" fg" kphgeek„p" igpkvcn" q" ukuvfiokec0" Gp" nc" gzrnqtcek„p" qduvfivtkec" jc{
swg" xcnqtct" gn" vcoc‚q" {" nc" rqukek„p" wvgtkpc." cu " eqoq" gn" itcfq" fg" ocfwtcek„p" {1q
fkncvcek„p"egtxkecn0

‚" Jgocvkogvt c0"Rctc"ewcpvkhkect"nc"jgoqinqdkpc"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"E+*43+"{" gn

jgocvqetkvq"eqp"gn"hkp"fg"fguectvct"wpc"cpgokc"dcucn"q"ugewpfctkc"cn"ucpitcfq0"Nqu
xcnqtgu"fg"ngweqekvqu"{"uw"h„townc"rwgfgp"fguectvct"wpc"kphgeek„p"cevkxc0

‚" Guvwfkq" d ukeq" fg" eqciwncek„p0" Rwgfg" ugt" pgeguctkq" rtgxkq" cn" vtcvcokgpvq
swkt¿tikeq"eqp"cpguvgukc0

‚" Itwrq" ucpiw pgq" {" Tj0" Kortguekpfkdng" rctc" ugngeekqpct" c" ncu" owlgtgu" swg
tgswkgtcp" rtqhknczku" cpvk/F" q" gp" ecuqu" fg" cpgokc" kpvgpuc" swg" rtgekugp" vtcpuhwuk„p
*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"E+*43+0

‚" Rtwgdcu" etw|cfcu0" Pq" ug" eqpukfgtc" ghgevkxc" uw" tgcnk|cek„p" ukuvgo vkec" *itcfq" fg
tgeqogpfcek„p"D+"*43+0

‚" Qvtcu" fgvgtokpcekqpgu0" Gn" etkdcfq" fg" jgoqinqdkpqrcv cu." JKX." jgrcvkvku" D" „" E" ug
tgcnk|ct " gp" hwpek„p" fg" nc" en pkec." hcevqtgu" fg" tkguiq" q" rtgxcngpekc" nqecn" fg" nc
gphgtogfcf"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"E+"*43+0

‚" Xcnqtcek„p"rtgcpguvfiukec0"Ugt c"ceqpuglcdng" tgcnk|ct" wpc" xcnqtcek„p" rtgcpguvfiukec

gp"owlgtgu"eqp"rcvqnqi cu"fg"dcug"swg"rtgekugp"wpc"gxcnwcek„p"fg"ncu"okuocu0

‚" Rtgxgpek„p" fg" ncu" eqornkecekqpgu" kphgeekqucu0" Cevwcnogpvg" pq" jc{" gxkfgpekc
rctc" tgeqogpfct" nc" rtqhknczku" cpvkdk„vkec" twvkpctkc" cpvgu" fg" tgcnk|ct" gn" vtcvcokgpvq
swkt¿tikeq"fgn"cdqtvq"*itcfq"fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" C+*44+0" U " ug" tgeqokgpfc" tgcnk|ct" wpc
tgeqikfc" fg" hnwlq" xcikpcn" eqp" gueqdknn„p" c"nc" owlgt" swg"rtgugpvc" en pkec" fg" kphgeek„p
igpkvcn" *itcfq" fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" E+*44+" {" uk" fiuvc" eqphktoc" nc" kphgeek„p." kpuvcwtct" gn
vtcvcokgpvq"cfgewcfq"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*44+0

8
212

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
‚" Kphqtocek„p0" Gu" ow{" korqtvcpvg" vtcuokvkt" c" nc" owlgt" {" uwu" hcoknkctgu" wpc
kphqtocek„p" eqorngvc" {" enctc" uqdtg" ncu" rqukdngu" qrekqpgu" {" gp" owejcu" qecukqpgu
fglct"swg"qrvg"rqt"nc"swg"eqpukfgtg"oglqt0"Guv "fgoquvtcfq"swg"nc"gngeek„p"fgn"vkrq
fg"vtcvcokgpvq"rqt"rctvg"fg"nc" owlgt" ug" cuqekc" eqp" wp" oglqt" tguwnvcfq" gp" ewcpvq" c
ecnkfcf"fg"xkfc"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"C+*44+0

Gu" tgeqogpfcdng" ewcpvkhkect" nc" jgoqinqdkpc" {" gn" jgocvqetkvq" eqp" gn" hkp" fg" fguectvct
wpc"cpgokc"dcucn"q"ugewpfctkc"cn"ucpitcfq0""*E+

Gu" tgeqogpfcdng" fgvgtokpct" gn" itwrq" {" Tj" rctc" ugngeekqpct" c" ncu" owlgtgu" swg
tgswkgtcp"rtqhknczku"cpvk/F"q"gp"ecuqu"fg"cpgokc"kpvgpuc"swg"rtgekugp"vtcpuhwuk„p0"*E+

Pq"ug"eqpukfgtc"pgeguctkc"nc"tgcnk|cek„p"ukuvgo vkec"fg"rtwgdcu"etw|cfcu0"*D+

Pq"jc{"gxkfgpekc"rctc"tgeqogpfct" nc" rtqhknczku" cpvkdk„vkec" twvkpctkc" cpvgu" fg" tgcnk|ct

gn"vtcvcokgpvq"swkt¿tikeq"fgn"cdqtvq0"*C+

VTCVCOKGPVQ"FGN"CDQTVQ"GURQPVèPGQ

VTCVCOKGPVQ"SWKTòTIKEQ

Kpfkecekqpgu"{"dgpghkekqu

Jcuvc" jceg" rqeq" vkgorq" nc" oc{qt c" fg" owlgtgu" eqp" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" tgekd cp
vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq" rqtswg" ug" cuwo c" swg" gn" vglkfq" tgvgpkfq" cwogpvcdc" gn" tkguiq" fg
kphgeek„p" {" jgoqttcikc0" Pq" qduvcpvg." jc{" guvwfkqu" swg" uwikgtgp" swg" guvcu
eqornkecekqpgu"u„nq"chgevcp"c">32'"fg"owlgtgu"swg"cdqtvcp."rqt"nq"swg"gn"vtcvcokgpvq
swkt¿tikeq" fgdg" ugt" kpfkecfq" cpvg" ektewpuvcpekcu" gurge hkecu" *itcfq" fg" tgeqogpfcek„p
E+*44+0

Ug" fgdg" qhtgegt" nc" gxcewcek„p" swkt¿tikec" fgn" ¿vgtq" c" ncu" owlgtgu" swg" rtghkgtcp" guvc
qrek„p0" Ncu" kpfkecekqpgu" en pkecu" fgn" vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq" fgn" cdqtvq" kpenw{gp<
jgoqttcikc" kpvgpuc" {" rgtukuvgpvg." kpguvcdknkfcf" jgoqfkp okec." gxkfgpekc" fg" vglkfqu
tgvgpkfqu" kphgevcfqu." eqpvtckpfkecek„p" rctc" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" ofifkeq" q" uqurgejc" fg
gphgtogfcf"vtqhqdn uvkec"iguvcekqpcn"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"E+*44+0

Nqu"dgpghkekqu"fg"vtcvcokgpvq"swkt¿tikeq"fgn"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq"kpenw{gp"nc"rqukdknkfcf"fg
rtqitcocek„p."swg"gn"rtqegfkokgpvq"ug"eqorngvc"jcdkvwcnogpvg"gp"wp"rgtkqfq"o u"eqtvq
fg" vkgorq" *nq" swg" eqpnngxc" ogpqt" ucpitcfq+." swg" nc" gzrwnuk„p" fg" nqu" tguvqu" cdqtvkxqu
qewttgp"ukgortg"gp"wp"egpvtq"ucpkvctkq"{"swg"nc"vcuc"fg"fizkvq"gu"cnvc"*queknc"gpvtg"gn";5/
322'+."ukgpfq"gp"nc"oc{qt c"fg"guvwfkqu"@;:'*45+0

9
213

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
 Gn" vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq" fgdg" ugt" kpfkecfq" cpvg" ektewpuvcpekcu" gurge hkecu0" Ncu
kpfkecekqpgu" en pkecu" fgn" vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq" fgn" cdqtvq" kpenw{gp<" jgoqttcikc
kpvgpuc" {" rgtukuvgpvg." kpguvcdknkfcf" jgoqfkp okec." gxkfgpekc" fg" vglkfqu" tgvgpkfqu
kphgevcfqu." eqpvtckpfkecek„p" rctc" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" ofifkeq" q" uqurgejc" fg" gphgtogfcf
vtqhqdn uvkec" iguvcekqpcn0" Ug" fgdg" qhtgegt" nc" gxcewcek„p" swkt¿tikec" fgn" ¿vgtq" c" ncu
owlgtgu"swg"rtghkgtcp"guvc"qrek„p0""*E+

Ocfwtcek„p"egtxkecn

Pq" jc{" gxkfgpekc" rctc" tgeqogpfct" nc" ocfwtcek„p" egtxkecn" ukuvgo vkec." rgtq" fgdg" ugt
twvkpctkc" gp" owlgtgu" fg" >3:" c‚qu" q" ewcpfq" nc" iguvcek„p" uwrgtg" ncu" 32" ugocpcu" fg
cogpqttgc"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*43+0

Fg" cewgtfq" c" nc" gxkfgpekc" fkurqpkdng." gn" tfiikogp" „rvkoq" rctc" nc" rtgrctcek„p" egtxkecn
cpvgu" fgn" cdqtvq" swkt¿tikeq" gu" nc" cfokpkuvtcek„p" xcikpcn" fg" 622" ­i" fg" okuqrtquvqn." 5
jqtcu"cpvgu"fg"nc"ektwi c"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*43+0

Gp" ecuq" fg" eqpvtckpfkecek„p" rctc" gn" wuq" fg" okuqrtquvqn." ug" rwgfg" eqpukfgtct" nc
ocfwtcek„p" egtxkecn" ogfkcpvg" fkncvcfqtgu" quo„vkequ" q" nc" fkncvcek„p" oge pkec
*jcdkvwcnogpvg"eqp"vcnnqu"ogv nkequ"eqoq"nqu"fg"Jgict+0

Pq"jc{"gxkfgpekc"rctc"tgeqogpfct"nc"ocfwtcek„p"egtxkecn"ukuvgo vkec."rgtq"fgdg" ugt

twvkpctkc" gp" owlgtgu" fg" >3:" c‚qu" q" ewcpfq" nc" iguvcek„p" uwrgtg" ncu" 32" ugocpcu" fg
cogpqttgc0"Gn"tfiikogp"„rvkoq"rctc"nc"rtgrctcek„p"egtxkecn"cpvgu"fgn"cdqtvq"swkt¿tikeq
gu" nc" cfokpkuvtcek„p" xcikpcn" fg" 622" ­i" fg" okuqrtquvqn." 5" jqtcu" cpvgu" fg" nc" ektwi c0
*D+

Ofivqfqu"fg"gxcewcek„p"wvgtkpc

Nc" gxcewcek„p" swkt¿tikec" fgn" ¿vgtq" fgdg" tgcnk|ctug" wucpfq" gn" ngitcfq" rqt" curktcek„p
*itcfq" fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" C+*44+" {c" swg" ug" cuqekc" c" " ogpqt" rfitfkfc" fg" ucpitg." ogpqt
fqnqt"{"eqp"wpc"fwtcek„p"o u"eqtvc"fgn"rtqegfkokgpvq*46+0"Ukp"godctiq."fgdg"gxkvctug"gp
iguvcekqpgu"ogpqtgu"fg"9"ugocpcu"fg"iguvcek„p"rqt"ncu"rqukdknkfcfgu"fg"htcecuq"*itcfq
fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*43+0

Nqu" ngitcfqu" rqt" curktcek„p" fgn" rtkogt" vtkoguvtg" ug" rwgfgp" tgcnk|ct" eqp" fkurqukvkxqu
gnfievtkequ" q" ocpwcngu" *e pwncu" fg" curktcek„p" eqpgevcfcu" c" wpc" lgtkpic+." {c" swg" codqu
ofivqfqu"uqp"ghgevkxqu"{"cegrvcdngu"vcpvq"rctc"nc"owlgt"eqoq"rctc"gn"ofifkeq"*itcfq"fg
tgeqogpfcek„p" C+*43+0" Rwgfgp" tgcnk|ctug" eqp" cnvc" rtgeq|" {" pq" tgswkgtg" wp" swkt„hcpq
eqorngvq"eqpxgpekqpcn0"Fgurwfiu"fg"tgcnk|ct"nc"curktcek„p"wvgtkpc"pq"gu"pgeguctkq"wvknk|ct
nc"ngitc"ogv nkec"fg"hqtoc"twvkpctkc"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"C+*44+0

Rctc"ncu"iguvcekqpgu"fg"o u"fg"34"ugocpcu."gn"cdqtvq"ogfkcpvg"fkncvcek„p"{"gxcewcek„p
*gzvtceek„p" fg" nqu" tguvqu" cdqtvkxqu" kpvtqfwekgpfq" rkp|cu" kpvtc¿vgtq" vtcu" wpc" fkncvcek„p
egtxkecn" cfgewcfc+" gu" ugiwtq" {" ghgevkxq" ewcpfq" nq" tgcnk|c" wp" ofifkeq" gzrgtvq" eqp" gn
kpuvtwogpvcn"cfgewcfq"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"C+*43+0

Gn" wuq" fg" qzkvqekpc" guv " cuqekcfq" eqp" wpc" fkhgtgpekc" guvcf uvkec." rgtq" pq" en pkecogpvg
ukipkhkecvkxc." gp" nc" rfitfkfc" ogfkc" fg" ucpitg" *3908" on" xu" 4607" on+" *itcfq" fg
tgeqogpfcek„p"C+*44+0" Gzkuvg"rqec" gxkfgpekc"uqdtg"nc" ghkecekc" fg" nqu" gtiqvco pkequ" gp" gn
vtcvcokgpvq"swkt¿tikeq"fgn"cdqtvq"fgn"rtkogt"vtkoguvtg*47+0
:
214

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
Rctc"nc"jkuvgtqvqo c"q"nc" jkuvgtgevqo c" ug" tgswkgtg" gn" okuoq" ewkfcfq" rtgqrgtcvqtkq" swg
rctc"nc"ektwi c"oc{qt"{"uwgngp"ugt"vfiepkecu"fg"¿nvkoc"gngeek„p"rqt"ncu"oc{qtgu"vcucu"fg
oqtdknkfcf"{"oqtvcnkfcf"gp"eqorctcek„p"eqp"qvtqu"rtqegfkokgpvqu0" Gp"guvqu"ecuqu"ugt c
eqpxgpkgpvg" fkuewvkt" uw" kpfkecek„p" rtgxkcogpvg" gpvtg" xctkqu" rtqhgukqpcngu" {" gu" fg" uwoc
korqtvcpekc"tgcnk|ct"wpc"dwgpc"kphqtocek„p"c"ncu"rcekgpvgu*48+0

Nc"jkuvgtqvqo c"ug"tgcnk|c"ewcpfq"jcp"htcecucfq"nqu"tguvcpvgu"rtqegfkokgpvqu."cwpswg"gp
fgvgtokpcfqu"ecuqu"rwgfg"ugt"fg"gngeek„p"ewcpfq"nc"gzvtceek„p"rqt"x c"xcikpcn"ugc"fkh ekn0
Nc" jkuvgtgevqo c" u„nq" guv " kpfkecfc" ewcpfq" cfgo u" fg" nc" kpfkecek„p" fg" nc" gxcewcek„p
wvgtkpc."ug"rtgvgpfc"tguqnxgt"qvtq"rtqdngoc"ikpgeqn„ikeq0

Nc" gxcewcek„p" swkt¿tikec" fgn" ¿vgtq" fgdg" tgcnk|ctug"wucpfq" gn" ngitcfq" rqt" curktcek„p.
*C+"ucnxq"gp"iguvcekqpgu"ogpqtgu"fg"9"ugocpcu"fg"iguvcek„p"rqt"ncu"rqukdknkfcfgu"fg
htcecuq0"*D+

Fgurwfiu"fg"tgcnk|ct"nc"curktcek„p"wvgtkpc"pq"gu"pgeguctkq"wvknk|ct"nc"ngitc"ogv nkec"fg
hqtoc"twvkpctkc0"*C+

Cpguvgukc

Gn"fqnqt"ug"rtqfweg"eqp"nc"fkncvcek„p"{"vtceek„p"fgn"efitxkz."eqp"nc"curktcek„p"{"gn"ngitcfq
fg" nc" ecxkfcf" wvgtkpc*47+0" Gn" ngitcfq" rqt" curktcek„p" gu" o u" ugiwtq" uk" ug" tgcnk|c" dclq
cpguvgukc" nqecn" swg" eqp" cpguvgukc" igpgtcn." rqt" nq" swg" ug" fgdg" eqpukfgtct" guvc" qrek„p.
gurgekcnogpvg" gp" iguvcekqpgu" fg" rqec" gxqnwek„p" *itcfq" fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" D+*43+0" Gn
dnqswgq" rctcegtxkecn" gu" ghgevkxq" rctc" gn" cnkxkq" fgn" fqnqt" cuqekcfq" eqp" nc" vtceek„p" fgn
efitxkz" {" eqp" nc" fkncvcek„p" egtxkecn." rgtq" gu" o u" nkokvcfq" gp" gn" fqnqt" rtqfwekfq" rqt" nc
curktcek„p"q"gn"ngitcfq*47+0

Nc" cpguvgukc" nqecn" ug" wvknk|c" tctcogpvg" gp" Gurc‚c" q" gp" gn" Tgkpq" Wpkfq." rgtq" gu" ow{
htgewgpvg" gp" Guvcfqu" Wpkfqu" *itcfq" fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" D+*49+0" Qvtcu" vfiepkecu
eqorngogpvctkcu" q" cnvgtpcvkxcu" ugt cp" nc" eqodkpcek„p" fg" cpguvgukc" nqecn" eqp" ugfcek„p
eqpuekgpvg"*qtcn"q"kpvtcxgpquc+"q"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"fg"cpguvgukc"igpgtcn0

Guvwfkq"jkuvqn„ikeq

Gn"ikpge„nqiq"fgdg"gzcokpct"gn"vglkfq"gzvtc fq"rctc"eqphktoct"swg"uqp"tguvqu"cdqtvkxqu.
swg" uw" ecpvkfcf" gu" cfgewcfc" {" rctc" fguectvct" nc" rtgugpekc" fg" vglkfq" gzvtc‚q" eqoq
itcuc*4:+0"Pq"ug"tgeqokgpfc"gn"guvwfkq"jkuvqn„ikeq"twvkpctkq"fg"nqu"tguvqu"cdqtvkxqu"*itcfq
fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" D+*43+." cwpswg" u " guvct c" kpfkecfq" ewcpfq" jc{c" swg" eqphktoct" nc
iguvcek„p" {" gzenwkt" gn" godctc|q" gev„rkeq" *rqeq" ocvgtkcn+" q" swg" ug" vtcvg" fg" wpc" rqukdng
gphgtogfcf" vtqhqdn uvkec" iguvcekqpcn" *vglkfq" eqp" xgu ewncu+" *itcfq" fg" tgeqogpfcek„p
E+*44+0

Pq" ug" tgeqokgpfc" gn" guvwfkq" jkuvqn„ikeq" twvkpctkq" fg" nqu" tguvqu" cdqtvkxqu" *D+." ucnxq
ewcpfq"jc{c"swg"eqphktoct"nc"iguvcek„p"{"gzenwkt"gn"godctc|q"gev„rkeq"q"ug"vtcvg"fg
wpc"rqukdng"gphgtogfcf"vtqhqdn uvkec"iguvcekqpcn0"*E+

;
215

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
VTCVCOKGPVQ"O¡FKEQ

Gn"cdqtvq"ofifkeq"q"hctoceqn„ikeq"ug"fghkpg"eqoq"cswfin"gp"gn"swg"ug"rtqfweg"nc"eqorngvc
gzrwnuk„p"fgn"rtqfwevq"fg"nc"eqpegrek„p"ukp"kpuvtwogpvcek„p"swkt¿tikec0

Gn"vtcvcokgpvq"hctoceqn„ikeq"rwgfg"ugt"gn"ofivqfq"fg"gngeek„p"gp"nqu"ukiwkgpvgu"ecuqu<"uk
nc"owlgt"fgugc"gxkvct"wpc"kpvgtxgpek„p"swkt¿tikec."ewcpfq"gn" pfkeg"fg"ocuc"eqtrqtcn"fg
nc" rcekgpvg" gu" @52" *gp" guvqu" ecuqu" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq" rwgfg" rtgugpvct" oc{qtgu
eqornkecekqpgu+" q" cpvg" nc" rtgugpekc" fg" ocnhqtocekqpgu." okqocu" wvgtkpqu" q
kpvgtxgpekqpgu" c" pkxgn" fgn" efitxkz" wvgtkpq" swg" fkhkewnvgp" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq0" Gp" ncu
rtkogtcu"ugocpcu"fgn"godctc|q"ug"eqpukfgtc"swg"gn"cdqtvq"hctoceqn„ikeq"gu"o u"ghkec|
swg" gn" swkt¿tikeq." gurgekcnogpvg" ewcpfq" nc" rt evkec" en pkec" pq" kpenw{g" wpc" kpurgeek„p
fgvcnncfc"fgn"vglkfq"curktcfq*4;+0

Nqu"ogfkecogpvqu"swg"ug"gorngcp"gp"gn"cdqtvq"hctoceqn„ikeq"uqp<

Rtquvcincpfkpcu

Okuqrtquvqn

Nc" dkqfkurqpkdknkfcf" fgn" okuqrtquvqn" x c" xcikpcn" q" tgevcn" gu" vtgu" xgegu" oc{qt" swg" nc" x c
qtcn"q"uwdnkpiwcn0

Nqu" tgi ogpgu" fg" okuqrtquvqn" cegrvcfqu" rctc" gn" vtcvcokgpvq"fgn"cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" fgn
rtkogt" vtkoguvtg" uqp<" :22" ­i" xcikpcn" *tgrgvkt" c" ncu" 46" jqtcu" uk" ug" rtgekuc+" „" 422" ­i
xcikpcn16"jqtcu"jcuvc":22"­i"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*52.53+0

Uqp"eqpvtckpfkecekqpgu"rctc"gn"wuq"fgn"okuqrtquvqn"eqoq"vtcvcokgpvq"ofifkeq"fgn"cdqtvq
gurqpv pgq" ncu" ukiwkgpvgu<" cpgokc" eqp" jgoqinqdkpc" >32" oi1fn." cngtikc" cn" okuqrtquvqn.
iguvcekqpgu" eqp" fkurqukvkxqu" kpvtcwvgtkpqu" w" qduvtweek„p" fgn" ecpcn" egtxkecn." iguvcekqpgu
gev„rkecu." kpuwhkekgpekc" uwrtcttgpcn." cuoc" ugxgtc." incweqoc." guvgpquku" okvtcn." rqthktkcu
eqpifipkvcu." eqtvkeqvgtcrkc" fg" nctic" fwtcek„p." cnvgtcekqpgu" jgoqtt ikecu" q" wuq" fg
cpvkeqciwncpvgu."kpjcdknkvcek„p"rqt"cwugpekc"fg"rngpcu"hcewnvcfgu"ogpvcngu"q"fkhkewnvcf"c
nc"jqtc"fg"ceegfgt"c"wp"egpvtq"ofifkeq"fg"gogtigpekc0

Vtcu"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"fgn"okuqrtquvqn"ug"qdugtxc"wpc"en pkec"rctgekfc"c"nc"rtqfwekfc"rqt
nc" gzrwnuk„p" gurqpv pgc" fgn" cdqtvq." swg" kpenw{g" fqnqt" cdfqokpcn" vkrq" e„nkeq" {" ucpitcfq
ukoknct" c" wpc" ogpuvtwcek„p" rgtq" o u" rtqnqpicfc" gp" gn" vkgorq0" Guvg" ucpitcfq" qewttg
fwtcpvg"wp"rtqogfkq"fg";"f cu."cwpswg"gp"ecuqu"kphtgewgpvgu"rwgfg"nngict"c"nqu"67"f cu0
Uk"nc"owlgt"ug"gpewgpvtc"en pkecogpvg"dkgp."pk"nc"jgoqttcikc"rtqnqpicfc"pk"nc"rtgugpekc
gzegukxc" fg" vglkfq" gp" gn" ¿vgtq" *fgvgevcfq" rqt" geqitch c+." uqp" wpc" kpfkecek„p" rctc" wpc
kpvgtxgpek„p"swkt¿tikec0

Nqu"rtqfwevqu"fg"nc"eqpegrek„p"swg"c¿p"rgtocpg|ecp"kpvtc¿vgtq"vtcu"gn"vtcvcokgpvq"eqp
okuqrtquvqn."uk"pq"uwrgtcp"nqu"37"oo"fg"fk ogvtq"cpvgtq/rquvgtkqt"rqt"geqitch c."ugt p
gzrwnucfqu"fwtcpvg" gn"ucpitcfq" uwdukiwkgpvg0"Nc" gxcewcek„p" swkt¿tikec" fgn" ¿vgtq" rwgfg
tgcnk|ctug"uk"nc"owlgt"nq"uqnkekvc""q""uk""gn"ucpitcfq"gu"kpvgpuq."rtqnqpicfq."qtkikpc"cpgokc
q" uk" gzkuvgp" rtwgdcu" fg" kphgeek„p0" Gp" guvg" ¿nvkoq" ecuq" gu" kortguekpfkdng" kpkekct
cpvkdkqvgtcrkc0"Gn"htcecuq"fgn"vtcvcokgpvq"ofifkeq"*tguvqu"@37"oo"q"uceq"qxwnct" pvgitq+
tgswgtkt " wp" ngitcfq" wvgtkpq." gn" ew n" pq" rtgekuct " fkncvcek„p" egtxkecn" {" rwgfg" tgcnk|ctug
eqp"wpc"o pkoc"curktcek„p"wvknk|cpfq"e pwncu"fg"5/7"oo0"Gp"guvqu"ecuqu"vcodkfip"ug"jc
rtqrwguvq"nc"rqukdknkfcf"fg"gorngct"wpc"ugiwpfc"fquku"fg":22"­i"fg"okuqrtquvqn"rqt"x c
xcikpcn"{"gurgtct"fg"pwgxq"qvtqu"9"f cu0

32
216

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
Nqu" ghgevqu" ugewpfctkqu" fgn" okuqrtquvqn" kpenw{gp" p wugcu." x„okvqu" {" fkcttgc." ukgpfq
ogpqu"htgewgpvgu"gp"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"xcikpcn"*32'"fg"x„okvqu"{"5:'"fg"fkcttgc"vtcu"nc
x c"xcikpcn."htgpvg"cn"52'"{"72'"vtcu"nc"x c"qtcn+*54+0

Vqfc" rcekgpvg" swg" ugc" uqogvkfc" c" wp" cdqtvq" ofifkeq" fgdg" eqpugpvkt" gn" okuoq" vtcu
kphqtocek„p"vcpvq"qtcn"eqoq"guetkvc"tgcnk|cfc"rqt"wp"hcewnvcvkxq."gorngcpfq"wp"ngpiwclg
cfgewcfq0" Gn" Tgcn" Fgetgvq" 32371422;." fg" 3;" fg" lwpkq." tgiwnc" nc" fkurqpkdknkfcf" fg
ogfkecogpvqu" gp" ukvwcekqpgu" gurgekcngu." g" kpenw{g" gn" wuq" fg" ogfkecogpvqu" gp
eqpfkekqpgu"fkuvkpvcu"fg"ncu"kpenwkfcu"gp"nc"hkejc"vfiepkec."nq"swg"chgevc"c"nc"kpfkecek„p"fgn
okuqrtquvqn" rctc" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" fgn" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq0" Gp" guvqu" oqogpvqu" guv " gp
rtqeguq" fg" eqogtekcnk|cek„p" gp" pwguvtq" rc u." wp" rtgrctcfq" fg" okuqrtquvqn" gp
eqortkokfqu" xcikpcngu" eqp" kpfkecek„p" rctc" nc" fkncvcek„p" fgn" egtxkz" rctc" ecuqu" fg
rtqegfkokgpvqu"ikpgeqn„ikequ"swg"tgswkgtcp"gn"ceeguq"c"nc"ecxkfcf"wvgtkpc0

Nc" vcuc" fg" gzrwnuk„p" fgn" rtqfwevq" fg" nc" eqpegrek„p" vtcu" nc" cfokpkuvtcek„p" qtcn" fg" wpc
fquku"fg"622"­i"fg"okuqrtquvqn"gu"fg"wp"35'"c"ncu"34"jqtcu"{"cwogpvc"jcuvc"gn"72/:2'
ewcpfq" ug" tgrkvg" nc" fquku" gp" gn" vtcpuewtuq" fg" 46/6:" jqtcu0" Rqt" qvtc" rctvg" uk" gn" cdqtvq
vtcvcfq"gu"kpeqorngvq."nc"vcuc"fg"gzrwnuk„p"eqorngvc"fg"nqu"tguvqu"gu"egtecpc"cn"92'0"Ug
jcp"fqewogpvcfq"vcucu"fg"gzrwnuk„p"fg"jcuvc"gn":2/;2'"vtcu"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"xcikpcn
fg" :22" ­i" fgn" h toceq" gp" owlgtgu" eqp" iguvcekqpgu" ogpqtgu" fg" 35" ugocpcu0" Gp" wpc
tgekgpvg"tgxkuk„p"Eqejtcpg" ug"eqphktoc"swg"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"xcikpcn"fgn"okuqrtquvqn"gu
nc"o u"ghkec|"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"C+*54+0

Nqu" tgi ogpgu" fg" okuqrtquvqn" rctc" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" fgn" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" fgn" rtkogt
vtkoguvtg"uqp<":22"­i"xcikpcn"*tgrgvkt"c"ncu"46"jqtcu"uk"ug"rtgekuc+"„"422"­i"xcikpcn16
jqtcu"jcuvc":22"­i0"*D+

Nc" cfokpkuvtcek„p" xcikpcn" fgn" okuqrtquvqn" gu" nc" o u" ghkec|" fg" vqfcu" ncu" x cu" fg
cfokpkuvtcek„p"gorngcfcu0"*C+

Igogrtquv

Gn" igogrtquv" gu" qvtq" cp nqiq" fg" nc" RIG3" rgtq" htgpvg" cn" okuqrtquvqn" rtgugpvc" ogpqt
ghkecekc."oc{qtgu"ghgevqu"ugewpfctkqu."gu"o u"ectq"{"uw"eqpugtxcek„p"gu"o u"fkh ekn*54+0

Rtquvcincpfkpcu"G4"{"H4g

Nc"rtquvcincpfkpc"G4"pcvwtcn"*fkpqrtquvqpc+"gu"ekpeq"xgegu"o u"cevkxc"swg"nc""H4g"pcvwtcn
*fkpqrtquv+" q" uw" cp nqiq" ukpvfivkeq" *ectdqrtquv+." rgtq" gu" o u" ectc." swg" gn" okuqrtquvqn.
vkgpg"wp"vkgorq"fg"xkfc"o u"eqtvq"{"rtgekuc"cnocegpcokgpvq"gp"ht q*34+0

Okhgrtkuvqpc"*TW"6:8+

Gu"wp"fgtkxcfq"3;/pqtguvgtqkfg"ukpvfivkeq"swg"dnqswgc"gurge hkecogpvg"nqu"tgegrvqtgu"fg
nc"rtqiguvgtqpc"{"fg"nqu"inweqeqtvkeqkfgu0"Nc"kpfkecek„p"fg"nc"okhgrtkuvqpc"rqt"nc"HFC"gu
nc"hkpcnk|cek„p"fg"iguvcekqpgu"ogpqtgu"fg"6;"f cu0

Nc"vcuc"fg" fizkvqu" eqp" gn"wuq"fg"nc"okhgrtkuvqpc"gu"fgn"82/:2'"fg" ecuqu."ugi¿p"nc"gfcf

iguvcekqpcn"{"nc"fquku"cfokpkuvtcfc0"Ukp"godctiq."nc"eqodkpcek„p"eqp"wpc"rtquvcincpfkpc
cfokpkuvtcfc"jcuvc"nqu"6;"f cu"fg"cogpqttgc" eqpfweg"c"wp"cdqtvq"eqorngvq" gp"gn";7'
fg"nqu"godctc|qu0"Gn"ghgevq"fg"nc"okhgrtkuvqpc"ug"fgucttqnnc"gp"46/6:"jqtcu0"Rqt"vcpvq"ncu
rtquvcincpfkpcu" ug" fgdgt p" cfokpkuvtct" rcucfcu" 58/6:" jqtcu0" Ug" fgueqpqeg" ew n" gu" nc
fquku" „rvkoc" vcpvq" fg" okhgrtkuvqpc" eqoq" fg" okuqrtquvqn" {" cevwcnogpvg" ug" wucp
fkhgtgpvgu" tgi ogpgu." ukgpfq" gn" tgeqogpfcfq" rqt" gn" hcdtkecpvg<" 822" oi" „" 422" oi" fg
okhgrtkuvqpc"ugiwkfqu"fg"okuqrtquvqn"*:22"­i"„"622"­i."rtghgtkdngogpvg"rqt"x c"xcikpcn+
33
217
Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
q" igogrtquv" *207/3" oi" rqt" x c" xcikpcn+*54+0" Wpc" fquku" tgfwekfc" fg" okhgrtkuvqpc" fg" 422
oi" eqodkpcfc" eqp" wpc" rtquvcincpfkpc" *okuqrtquvqn" :22" ­i" xcikpcn+" rwgfg" vgpgt" wpc
ghgevkxkfcf"ukoknct"{"gu"o u"geqp„okec*54+0

Gp" nc" vcdnc" 3" ug" kpenw{gp" nqu" h tocequ" {" tgi ogpgu" o u" wvknk|cfqu" gp" gn" vtcvcokgpvq
ofifkeq"fgn"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq"fgn"rtkogt"vtkoguvtg*54+0

Vcdnc"30"Vtcvcokgpvq"ofifkeq"fgn"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq"fgn"rtkogt"vtkoguvtg

H tocequ Tgi ogpgu Vcuc"fg"fizkvq

822"oi"okhgrtkuvqpc"qtcn"{"wpc"„"fqu"fquku"fg
Okhgrtkuvqpc 622"­i"okuqrtquvqn"xcikpcn"*58/6:"j+"„"422"oi ;808'/;;'"gp
{"Okuqrtquvqn fg"okhgrtkuvqpc"qtcn"{"wpc"fquku"fg":22"­i iguvcekqpgu">6;"f cu
okuqrtquvqn"xcikpcn"*58/6:"j+0
3²"fquku<"94'
:22"­i"okuqrtquvqn"xcikpcn"„"422"­i"xcikpcn
Okuqrtquvqn 4²"fquku<":7/:9'
ecfc"6"jqtcu"jcuvc"wp"vqvcn"fg":22"­i0
5²"fquku<";2/;5'

Rtqp„uvkeq"vtcu"gn"vtcvcokgpvq"hctoceqn„ikeq

Nc"oc{qt c"fg"ncu"rcekgpvgu"swg"vkgpgp"wp"cdqtvq"pq"uwhtkt p"pkpi¿p"vkrq"fg"ugewgncu"c

nctiq"rnc|q"gp"uw"ucnwf"igpgtcn"pk"tgrtqfwevkxc0"Ncu"kpxguvkicekqpgu"pq"jcp"fgoquvtcfq
cuqekcek„p"gpvtg" gn"vtcvcokgpvq"hctoceqn„ikeq"fgn"cdqtvq"kpfwekfq" ukp" eqornkecekqpgu" gp
gn"rtkogt"vtkoguvtg"{"eqpugewgpekcu"cfxgtucu"gp"godctc|qu"uwdukiwkgpvgu*55+0"Ugi¿p"wpc
okpwekquc" tgxkuk„p." ncu" ugewgncu" rukeqn„ikecu" cfxgtucu" ug" rtgugpvcp" gp" wp" rqtegpvclg
ow{" rgswg‚q" fg" owlgtgu" {" rctgegp" ugt" nc" eqpvkpwcek„p" fg" eqpfkekqpgu" rtggzkuvgpvgu
*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*43+0

Gp" vqfcu" ncu" owlgtgu" swg" ug" uqogvgp" c" wp" vtcvcokgpvq" hctoceqn„ikeq." gu" korqtvcpvg
eqphktoct"gp"nc"xkukvc"fg"ugiwkokgpvq"swg"gn"cdqtvq"jc"ukfq"eqorngvq0

OCPGLQ"GZRGEVCPVG

Nqu" fcvqu" gzkuvgpvgu" uqdtg" gn" ocpglq" gzrgevcpvg" fgn" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" uqp
fkueqtfcpvgu0" U„nq" ewcvtq" gpuc{qu" jcp" ukfq" tgcnk|cfqu" rctc" eqorctct" guvg" vkrq" fg
vtcvcokgpvq"eqp"gn"swkt¿tikeq*56+."qdvgpkfipfqug"pkxgngu"fg"fizkvq"eqp"gn"ocpglq"gzrgevcpvg
gswkrctcdngu" c" nqu" fgn" vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq0" òpkecogpvg" gn" 34'" fg" ncu" rcekgpvgu" eqp
vtcvcokgpvq" gzrgevcpvg" tgswktkgtqp" wpc" kpvgtxgpek„p" swkt¿tikec0" Gp" wpc" tgxkuk„p
Eqejtcpg"fgn"c‚q"4228*57+"ug"eqortqd„"swg"gn"tkguiq"fg"jgoqttcikc."cdqtvq"kpeqorngvq"q
pgegukfcf" fg" tgewttkt" c" nc" gzvtceek„p" swkt¿tikec" fgn" eqpvgpkfq" wvgtkpq" gu" o u" gngxcfq
ewcpfq"ug"qrvc"rqt"gn"ocpglq"gzrgevcpvg0"Nc"dkdnkqitch c"fkurqpkdng"kpfkec"swg"nc"ghkecekc
fgn" ocpglq" gzrgevcpvg" queknc" gpvtg" gn" 47/:2'." rqtegpvclgu" swg" fgrgpfgp" fg" nc" gfcf
iguvcekqpcn."vkrq"fg"cdqtvq" q" vkgorq" swg" vctfc" gp" ugt" ghkec|" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" gzrgevcpvg0
Gp"ecuqu"fg"cdqtvqu"kpeqorngvqu"gn"rqtegpvclg"fg"fizkvq"cnecp|c"gn":2/;6'0

Ecdg" nc" rqukdknkfcf" fg" xcnqtct" gn" ocpglq" gzrgevcpvg" cpvg" cdqtvqu" kpeqorngvqu" gp
rcekgpvgu"jgoqfkp okecogpvg"guvcdngu0"*E+

34
218

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
PQTOCU"IGPGTCNGU"VTCU"GN"VTCVCOKGPVQ

Rtqhknczku" fg" nc" kuqkpowpk|cek„p" cpvk/F0" Fwtcpvg" nc" rtkogtc" okvcf" fgn" godctc|q.
vqfcu" ncu" iguvcpvgu" Tj" pgicvkxcu" swg" pq" guvfip" ugpukdknk|cfcu" {" swg" jc{cp" vgpkfq" wp
cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" eqorngvq" q" kpeqorngvq." rqt" ofivqfqu" ofifkequ" q" swkt¿tikequ" fgdgp
tgekdkt"rtqhknczku"fg"nc"kuqkpowpk|cek„p"Tj"*itcfq"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*43+0

Guvc"rtqhknczku"eqpukuvg"gp"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"KO"fg"522"­i"fg"kpowpqinqdwnkpc"cpvk/F."nq
cpvgu"rqukdng"fgurwfiu"fg"nc"kpvgtxgpek„p"{"ukgortg"cpvgu"fg"ncu"rtkogtcu"94"jqtcu0"Rgug
c"vqfq."uk"pq"ug"rwgfg"tgcnk|ct"gp"guvg"rgtkqfq"rqt"ektewpuvcpekcu"gzegrekqpcngu."rctgeg
swg"jcuvc"32"f cu"fgurwfiu"fgn"gxgpvq"nc"rtqhknczku"rwgfg"rtqfwekt"cni¿p"dgpghkekq"*itcfq
fg" tgeqogpfcek„p" D+*58+0" Gp" iguvcekqpgu" fg" ø34" ugocpcu." wpc" fquku" fg" 372" ­it" ugt c
uwhkekgpvg*59+0

Eqpvtcegrek„p0" Vqfcu" ncu" owlgtgu" fgdgp" tgekdkt" kphqtocek„p" cegtec" fg" nc

cpvkeqpegrek„p"{"uk"gu"uw"fgugq."kpkekctnc"kpogfkcvcogpvg"fgurwfiu"fgn"cdqtvq"*itcfq"fg
tgeqogpfcek„p"D+*43+0

Tgxkuk„p0" Gp" hwpek„p" fg" ncu" rqukdknkfcfgu" cukuvgpekcngu" fg" ecfc" egpvtq." gu" ceqpuglcdng
qhtgegt"c"vqfcu"ncu"rcekgpvgu"wpc"tgxkuk„p"gp"ncu" rtkogtcu" ugocpcu" vtcu" nc" kpvgtxgpek„p
*itcfq"fg" tgeqogpfcek„p"E+*43+0" Guvc"tgxkuk„p"ugtxkt "rctc"xcnqtct"ewcnswkgt"rtqdngoc" q
eqornkecek„p"uwtikfc."kpkekct"nc"eqpvtcegrek„p"uk"cpvgu"pq"ug"jcd c"kpkekcfq"{"nc"owlgt"cu
nq" fgugc." eqowpkect" gn" tguwnvcfq" jkuvqn„ikeq" uk" fiuvg" ug" uqnkekv„" {" rctc" gxcnwct" gn" guvcfq
ru swkeq0

Vqfcu"ncu"iguvcpvgu"Tj"pgicvkxcu"swg"pq"guvfip"ugpukdknk|cfcu"{"swg"jc{cp"vgpkfq"wp
cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq." eqorngvq" q" kpeqorngvq." rqt" ofivqfqu" ofifkequ" q" swkt¿tikequ.
fgdgp"tgekdkt"rtqhknczku"fg"nc"kuqkpowpk|cek„p"Tj0"*D+

EQORNKECEKQPGU

Gn" vtcvcokgpvq" pq" swkt¿tikeq" fgn" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" ug" cuqekc" eqp" jgoqttcikc" o u
rtqnqpicfc"g"kpvgpuc."cu "eqoq"c"wp"tkguiq"fg"rtgekuct"ektwi c"rctc"gxcewct"gn"¿vgtq"fgn
42/62'0" Ukp" godctiq." gn" tkguiq" fg" kphgeek„p" gu" kphgtkqt" cn" swg" qewttg" ewcpfq" ug" qrvc
kpkekcnogpvg"rqt"gn"vtcvcokgpvq"swkt¿tikeq*5:+0

Ncu"eqornkecekqpgu"{"ewkfcfqu"cuqekcfqu"cn"vtcvcokgpvq"swkt¿tikeq"fgn"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq
fgdgp" ugt" ewkfcfqucogpvg" gzrnkecfcu" c" nc" owlgt." ukgpfq" ceqpuglcdng" fglct" eqpuvcpekc
rqt"guetkvq"fg"gnnq0

Hcnnq" fg" nc" vfiepkec0" Vqfqu" nqu" ofivqfqu" rctc" nc" gxcewcek„p" fgn" cdqtvq" fgn" rtkogt
vtkoguvtg"eqpnngxcp"wp"tkguiq"fg"hcnnq"swg"tgswkgtg"qvtq"rtqegfkokgpvq"cfkekqpcn0"Rctc"gn
cdqtvq" swkt¿tikeq." guvg" tkguiq" gu" fg" cntgfgfqt" fgn" 405" ä" {" gp" gn" cdqtvq" ofifkeq" queknc
gpvtg"gn"3/6"ä*43+0

Jgoqttcikc0" Gn"tkguiq"fg"jgoqttcikc"gp" gn" oqogpvq" fg" nc" gxcewcek„p" wvgtkpc"gu" dclc

*crtqzkocfcogpvg" 3" ecfc" 30222" cdqtvqu+" {" gu" ogpqt" gp" iguvcekqpgu" o u" rtgeqegu*43+0
Nc" jgoqttcikc" qewttg" jcdkvwcnogpvg" eqoq" eqpugewgpekc" fg" wpc" cvqp c" wvgtkpc" {" uw
vtcvcokgpvq" kpenw{g" gn" ocuclg" wvgtkpq." nc" cfokpkuvtcek„p" fg" wvgtqv„pkequ" {" nc" gzvtceek„p
fg"nqu"tguvqu"tgvgpkfqu"uk"gzkuvkgtcp*4:+0

Fguicttqu" egtxkecngu0" Uw" htgewgpekc" gu" oqfgtcfc" *kphgtkqt" cn" 3'+*43+" {" gu" ogpqt" gp
iguvcekqpgu"o u"rtgeqegu*43+""{"eqp"gn"wuq"fg"rtgrctcfqu"rctc"nc"ocfwtcek„p"egtxkecn0

35
219

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
Rgthqtcek„p" wvgtkpc0" Uw" kpekfgpekc" queknc" fgn" 3/6ä*43+." cwpswg" rtqdcdngogpvg" guv
kphtcguvkocfc"rwguvq"swg"cniwpcu"rgthqtcekqpgu"rcucp"fgucrgtekdkfcu*4:+0"Uw"rtgxgpek„p
eqpukuvg"gp"nc"rtgrctcek„p"egtxkecn"rtgxkc"c"nc"gxcewcek„p"wvgtkpc."gp"gn"wuq"cfgewcfq"fg
nc"rkp|c"fg"vtceek„p"egtxkecn"rctc"tgevkhkect"gn" piwnq"hqtocfq"gpvtg"gn"ewgnnq"{"gn"ewgtrq
wvgtkpq" {" gp" gn" wuq" ewkfcfquq" fgn" kpuvtwogpvcn" swkt¿tikeq" swg" ug" fgdg" kpvtqfwekt" gp" nc
ecxkfcf"fg"ocpgtc"uwcxg"{"ukp"xgpegt"itcp"tgukuvgpekc*47+0"Gn"Ðejcuswkfq"wvgtkpqÑ."twkfq
rtqfwekfq" rqt" nc" ngitc" cn" nngict" cn" okqogvtkq." gu" wp" fcvq" swg" kpfkec" swg" gn" ngitcfq" gu
gzegukxcogpvg"citgukxq*5;+0"Cpvg"ewcnswkgt"fkhkewnvcf"ug"fgdg"wvknk|ct"crq{q"geqit hkeq*47+0

Jgocvqogvtc0"Eqpukuvg"gp"nc"cewowncek„p"fg"eq iwnqu"fgpvtq"fgn"¿vgtq"{"rwgfg"qewttkt
vtcu" gn" vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq0" Nqu" u pvqocu" rwgfgp" ugt" kpogfkcvqu" q" vctf qu
fgrgpfkgpfq" fg" nc" xgnqekfcf" fg" cewowncek„p" {" fgn" xqnwogp0" Ncu" owlgtgu" uwgngp" ugpvkt
rtguk„p"rfinxkec"q"tgevcn0"Gp"nc"gzrnqtcek„p."gn"¿vgtq" guv "fwtq" {"nc"geqitch c"tgxgnc"gequ
jgvgtqifipgqu" kpvtcecxkvctkqu0" Gn" vtcvcokgpvq" eqpukuvg" gp" nc" gxcewcek„p" wvgtkpc" {" nc
cfokpkuvtcek„p"rquvgtkqt"fg"wvgtqv„pkequ0

Kphgeek„p"igpkvcn0"Nc"kphgeek„p"fgn"vtcevq"igpkvcn"qewttg"jcuvc"gp"wp"32'"fg"nqu"ecuqu0
Ug" fgdg" eqpukfgtct" swg" gzkuvg" wp" cdqtvq" ufirvkeq" ewcpfq" crctgeg" hkgdtg" @5;³E" gp" ncu
rtkogtcu" 94" jqtcu" vtcu" nc" gxcewcek„p*48+0" Gn" vtcvcokgpvq" kpenw{g" nc" gzvtceek„p" fg" nqu
tguvqu" cdqtvkxqu" tgvgpkfqu" uk" hwgug" pgeguctkq" {" gn" gorngq" fg" cpvkdk„vkequ" fg" cornkq
gurgevtq0

U pftqog" fg" Cujgtocp0" Gu" wpc" eqornkecek„p" vctf c" fg" wp" ngitcfq" swkt¿tikeq
fgocukcfq"citgukxq0"Eqpukuvg"gp"nc"hqtocek„p"fg"ukpgswkcu"wvgtkpcu."rctekcngu"q"vqvcngu.
swg" gzenw{gp" hwpekqpcnogpvg" gn" gpfqogvtkq0" Gn" vtcvcokgpvq" fg" guvcu" ukpgswkcu" eqpukuvg
gp"gn"fgudtkfcokgpvq"rqt"x c"xcikpcn"*jkuvgtqueqrkc+"{"gp"nc"eqnqecek„p"fg"wp"fkurqukvkxq
kpvtcwvgtkpq*5;+0

Oqtvcnkfcf0"Nc"vcuc"fg"oqtvcnkfcf"ocvgtpc"fgn"cdqtvq"vtcvcfq" gp" egpvtqu" ucpkvctkqu"fg

rc ugu" fgucttqnncfqu" gu" fgn" 20713220222." rgtq" vcpvq" nc" oqtdknkfcf" eqoq" nc" oqtvcnkfcf
cwogpvcp"eqp"nc"gfcf"iguvcekqpcn*4:+"{"nq"kpxcukxq"fgn"rtqegfkokgpvq*48+0

Qvtcu0" Pq" gzkuvg" tgncek„p" rtqdcfc" gpvtg" gn" cdqtvq" {" wp" oc{qt" tkguiq" fg" iguvcek„p
gev„rkec" rquvgtkqt." rncegpvc" rtgxkc" gp" uwegukxqu" godctc|qu" q" kphgtvknkfcf*43+0" Gn" cdqtvq
rwgfg"guvct"cuqekcfq"c"wp"rgswg‚q"cwogpvq"gp"gn"tkguiq"fg"cdqtvq"q"rctvqu"rtgvfitokpq
rquvgtkqt*43+0

Tgrgtewuk„p" rukeqn„ikec0" Nc" oc{qt c" fg" nqu" guvwfkqu" fguetkdgp" gp" ncu" ugocpcu" q
ogugu" swg" ukiwgp" cn" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" wp" rqtegpvclg" oc{qt" fg" owlgtgu" eqp" u pvqocu
rukswk vtkequ" gp" eqorctcek„p" eqp" owlgtgu" swg" jcp" fcfq" c" nw|" q" c" owlgtgu" pq
godctc|cfcu" fg" nc" okuoc" gfcf0" Guvqu" jcnnc|iqu" pq" vkgpgp" rqt" swfi" vgpgt" wpc" tgncek„p
ecwucn"{"rwgfgp"tghnglct"wpc"ukvwcek„p"rtggzkuvgpvg*43+0

36
220

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
 TGEQOGPFCEKQPGU
Fg" ectc" cn" fkcip„uvkeq." cpvg" ewcnswkgt" godctc|cfc" eqp" uqurgejc" fg
D
cdqtvq"ug"fgdg"tgcnk|ct"wpc"geqitch c."c"ugt"rqukdng"rqt"x c"xcikpcn0
Gn"gxgpvwcn"tgvtcuq"gp"gn"fkcip„uvkeq"fg"wp"cdqtvq"pq"cwogpvc"gn"tkguiq
fg" kphgeek„p." cwpswg" u " rwgfg" cwogpvct" nkigtcogpvg" gn" p¿ogtq" fg C
kpitguqu"pq"rncpkhkecfqu"rqt"cdqtvq"gp"ewtuq0
Nqu" ukipqu" geqit hkequ" swg" rgtokvgp" fg" hqtoc" kpgsw xqec" guvcdngegt" gn
fkcip„uvkeq" fg" cdqtvq" fkhgtkfq" uqp" nc" cwugpekc" fg" cevkxkfcf" ectfkcec" gp
wp" godtk„p" eqp" nqpikvwf" efihcnq/ecwfcn" *NEE+" @7" oo" q" nc" cwugpekc" fg
D
cevkxkfcf"ectfkcec"gp"wp"godtk„p"eqp"NEE"@5.7"oo"q"nc"rtgugpekc"fg"wp
uceq" iguvcekqpcn" eqp" wp" fk ogvtq" ogfkq" œ42" oo" ukp" gxkfgpekc" fg" rqnq
godtkqpctkq"pk"uceq"xkvgnkpq"gp"uw"kpvgtkqt0
Nc" uqurgejc" fg" godctc|q" gev„rkeq" gu" cnvc" ewcpfq" rqt" geqitch c
vtcpuxcikpcn"ug"qdlgvkxc"wp"¿vgtq"xce q"{"nqu"pkxgngu"fg" /jEI"ufitkec"uqp D
@3:22"oWK1oN0
Gu" tgeqogpfcdng" ewcpvkhkect" nc" jgoqinqdkpc" {" gn" jgocvqetkvq" eqp" gn" hkp
E
fg"fguectvct"wpc"cpgokc"dcucn"q"ugewpfctkc"cn"ucpitcfq0
Gu" tgeqogpfcdng" fgvgtokpct" gn" itwrq" {" Tj" rctc" ugngeekqpct" c" ncu
owlgtgu" swg" tgswkgtcp" rtqhknczku" cpvk/F" q" gp" ecuqu" fg" cpgokc" kpvgpuc E
swg"rtgekugp"vtcpuhwuk„p0
Pq"ug"eqpukfgtc"pgeguctkc"nc"tgcnk|cek„p"ukuvgo vkec"fg"rtwgdcu"etw|cfcu0 D
Pq"jc{"gxkfgpekc"rctc"tgeqogpfct"nc"rtqhknczku"cpvkdk„vkec"twvkpctkc"cpvgu
C
fg"tgcnk|ct"gn"vtcvcokgpvq"swkt¿tikeq"fgn"cdqtvq0
Gn" vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq" fgdg" ugt" kpfkecfq" cpvg" ektewpuvcpekcu
gurge hkecu0"Ncu"kpfkecekqpgu"en pkecu"fgn"vtcvcokgpvq"swkt¿tikeq"fgn"cdqtvq
kpenw{gp<"jgoqttcikc"kpvgpuc"{"rgtukuvgpvg."kpguvcdknkfcf"jgoqfkp okec.
gxkfgpekc" fg" vglkfqu" tgvgpkfqu" kphgevcfqu." eqpvtckpfkecek„p" rctc" gn E
vtcvcokgpvq"ofifkeq"q"uqurgejc"fg"gphgtogfcf"vtqhqdn uvkec"iguvcekqpcn0
Ug" fgdg" qhtgegt" nc" gxcewcek„p" swkt¿tikec" fgn" ¿vgtq" c" ncu" owlgtgu" swg
rtghkgtcp"guvc"qrek„p0
Pq" jc{" gxkfgpekc" rctc" tgeqogpfct" nc" ocfwtcek„p" egtxkecn" ukuvgo vkec.
rgtq" fgdg" ugt" twvkpctkc" gp" owlgtgu" fg" >3:" c‚qu" q" ewcpfq" nc" iguvcek„p
uwrgtg" ncu" 32" ugocpcu" fg" cogpqttgc0" Gn" tfiikogp" „rvkoq" rctc" nc D
rtgrctcek„p" egtxkecn" cpvgu" fgn" cdqtvq" swkt¿tikeq" gu" nc" cfokpkuvtcek„p
xcikpcn"fg"622"­i"fg"okuqrtquvqn."5"jqtcu"cpvgu"fg"nc"ektwi c0
Nc"gxcewcek„p"swkt¿tikec"fgn"¿vgtq"fgdg"tgcnk|ctug"wucpfq"gn"ngitcfq"rqt
curktcek„p" *C+." ucnxq" gp" iguvcekqpgu" >" 9" ugocpcu" fg" iguvcek„p" rqt" ncu C1D
rqukdknkfcfgu"fg"htcecuq"*D+0
Fgurwfiu"fg"tgcnk|ct"nc"curktcek„p"wvgtkpc"pq"gu"pgeguctkq"wvknk|ct"nc"ngitc
C
ogv nkec"fg"hqtoc"twvkpctkc0
Pq"ug"tgeqokgpfc"gn"guvwfkq"jkuvqn„ikeq"twvkpctkq"fg"nqu"tguvqu" cdqtvkxqu
*D+."ucnxq" ewcpfq"jc{c"swg" eqphktoct" nc" iguvcek„p." gzenwkt" gn" godctc|q
D1E
gev„rkeq" q" ug" vtcvg" fg" wpc" rqukdng" gphgtogfcf" vtqhqdn uvkec" iguvcekqpcn
*E+0
Nqu"tgi ogpgu"fg"okuqrtquvqn"rctc"gn"vtcvcokgpvq"fgn"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq
fgn" rtkogt" vtkoguvtg" uqp<" :22" ­i" xcikpcn" *tgrgvkt" c" ncu" 46" jqtcu" uk" ug D
rtgekuc+"„"422"­i"xcikpcn16"jqtcu"jcuvc":22"­i0

37
221

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
Nc" cfokpkuvtcek„p" xcikpcn" fgn" okuqrtquvqn" gu" nc" o u" ghkec|" fg" vqfcu" ncu
C
x cu"fg"cfokpkuvtcek„p"gorngcfcu0
Ecdg" nc" rqukdknkfcf" fg" xcnqtct" gn" ocpglq" gzrgevcpvg" cpvg" cdqtvqu
E
kpeqorngvqu"gp"rcekgpvgu"jgoqfkp okecogpvg"guvcdngu0
Vqfcu" ncu" iguvcpvgu" Tj" pgicvkxcu" swg" pq" guvfip" ugpukdknk|cfcu" {" swg
jc{cp"vgpkfq"wp"cdqtvq"gurqpv pgq."eqorngvq"q"kpeqorngvq."rqt"ofivqfqu D
ofifkequ"q"swkt¿tikequ."fgdgp"tgekdkt"rtqhknczku"fg"nc"kuqkpowpk|cek„p"Tj0

Nqu" Rtqvqeqnqu" Cukuvgpekcngu" fg" nc" Uqekgfcf" Gurc‚qnc" fg" Ikpgeqnqi c" {
Qduvgvtkekc" rtgvgpfgp" eqpvtkdwkt" cn" dwgp" swgjcegt" rtqhgukqpcn" fg" vqfqu" nqu
ikpge„nqiqu."gurgekcnogpvg"nqu"o u"cnglcfqu"fg"nqu"itcpfgu"jqurkvcngu"{"en pkecu
wpkxgtukvctkcu0" Rtgugpvcp" ofivqfqu" {" vfiepkecu" fg" cvgpek„p" en pkec" cegrvcfcu" {
wvknk|cfcu" rqt" gurgekcnkuvcu" gp" ecfc" vgoc0" Guvqu" rtqvqeqnqu" pq" fgdgp
kpvgtrtgvctug"fg"hqtoc"t ikfc"pk"gzenw{gpvg."ukpq"swg"fgdgp"ugtxkt"fg"iw c"rctc
nc"cvgpek„p"kpfkxkfwcnk|cfc"c"ncu"rcekgpvgu0"Pq"ciqvcp"vqfcu"ncu"rqukdknkfcfgu"pk
rtgvgpfgp"uwuvkvwkt"c"nqu"rtqvqeqnqu"{c"gzkuvgpvgu"gp"fgrctvcogpvqu"{"ugtxkekqu
jqurkvcnctkqu0

Encukhkecek„p"fg"ncu"tgeqogpfcekqpgu
gp"hwpek„p"fgn"pkxgn"fg"gxkfgpekc"fkurqpkdng
Nc"gxkfgpekc"ekgpv hkec"rtqegfg"c"rctvkt"fg"ogvc/cp nkuku"fg"gpuc{qu"en pkequ
Kc
eqpvtqncfqu"{"cngcvqtk|cfqu
Nc"gxkfgpekc"ekgpv hkec"rtqegfg"fg"cn"ogpqu"wp"gpuc{q"en pkeq"eqpvtqncfq"{
Kd
cngcvqtk|cfq
Nc"gxkfgpekc"ekgpv hkec"rtqegfg"fg"cn"ogpqu"wp"guvwfkq"rtqurgevkxq
KKc
eqpvtqncfq."dkgp"fkug‚cfq"{"ukp"cngcvqtk|ct
KK Nc"gxkfgpekc"ekgpv hkec"rtqegfg"fg"cn"ogpqu"wp"guvwfkq"ecuk"gzrgtkogpvcn.
d dkgp"fkug‚cfq
Nc"gxkfgpekc"ekgpv hkec"rtqegfg"fg"guvwfkqu"fguetkrvkxqu"pq"gzrgtkogpvcngu.
KKK dkgp"fkug‚cfqu"eqoq"guvwfkqu"eqorctcvkxqu."fg"eqttgncek„p"q"fg"ecuqu"{
eqpvtqngu
Nc"gxkfgpekc"ekgpv hkec"rtqegfg"fg"fqewogpvqu"w"qrkpkqpgu"fg"gzrgtvqu"{1q
KX
gzrgtkgpekcu"en pkecu"fg"cwvqtkfcfgu"fg"rtguvkikq

Itcfqu"fg"tgeqogpfcek„p
Gzkuvg"dwgpc"gxkfgpekc"gp"dcug"c"nc"kpxguvkicek„p"rctc"crq{ct"nc
C
tgeqogpfcek„p0"*Tgeqig"nqu"pkxgngu"fg"gxkfgpekc"ekgpv hkec"Kc"{"Kd+
Gzkuvg"oqfgtcfc"gxkfgpekc"gp"dcug"c"nc"kpxguvkicek„p"rctc"crq{ct"nc
D
tgeqogpfcek„p"*Tgeqig"nqu"pkxgngu"fg"gxkfgpekc"ekgpv hkec"KKc."KKd"{"KKK+
Nc"tgeqogpfcek„p"ug"dcuc"gp"nc"qrkpk„p"fg"gzrgtvqu"q"gp"wp"rcpgn"fg
E
eqpugpuq0"*Tgeqig"gn"pkxgn"fg"gxkfgpekc"KX+

38
222

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
DKDNKQITCHëC
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""
3
"P{dq"Cpfgtugp"CO."Yqjnhcjtv"L."Ejtkuvgpu"R."Qnugp"L."Ognd{g"O0"Ocvgtpcn"cig"cpf"hgvcn
nquu<"rqrwncvkqp"dcugf"tgikuvgt"nkpmcig"uvwf{0"DOL0"4222="542<392:/340
4
" Mpwfugp" WD." Jcpugp" X." Lwwn" U." Ugejgt" PL0" Rtqipquku" qh" c" pgy" rtgipcpe{" hqnnqykpi
rtgxkqwu"urqpvcpgqwu"cdqtvkqpu0"Gwt"L"Qduvgv"I{pgeqn"Tgrtqf"Dkqn0"3;;3="5;<53/80
5
" Hctswjctuqp" TI." Lcwpkcwz" G." Gzcnvq" P0" Wrfcvgf" cpf" tgxkugf" pqogpencvwtg" hqt
fguetkrvkqp"qh"gctn{"rtgipcpe{"gxgpvu0"Jwo"Tgrtqf0"4227="42<522:/330
6
" Fgcvqp" LN." Jqpqtg" IO." Jwhhocp" EU." Dcwiwguu" R0" Gctn{" vtcpuxcikpcn" wnvtcuqwpf
hqnnqykpi" cp" ceewtcvgn{" fcvgf" rtgipcpe{<" vjg" korqtvcpeg" qh" hkpfkpi" c" {qnm" uce" qt" hgvcn
jgctv"oqvkqp0"Jwocp"Tgrtqf0"3;;9="34*34+<4:42/50
7
" Uctcuycv" N." Djcvvcejct{c" U." Ocjgujyctk" C." Dcvvcejct{c" U0" Ocvgtpcn" cpf" rgtkpcvcn
qwveqog" kp" yqogp" ykvj" vjtgcvgpgf" okuecttkcig" kp" vjg" hktuv" vtkoguvgt<" C" u{uvgocvke
tgxkgy0"DLQI0"4232=339<467/790
8
" Ucy{gt" G." Qhwcukc" G." Qhknk/[gdqxk" F." Jgno{" U." Iqp|cng|" L." Lwtmqxke" F0" Vjg" xcnwg" qh
ogcuwtkpi" gpfqogvtkcn" vjkempguu" cpf" xqnwog" qp" vtcpuxcikpcn" wnvtcuqwpf" uecp" hqt" vjg
fkcipquku"qh"kpeqorngvg"okuecttkcig0"Wnvtcuqwpf"Qduvgv"I{pgeqn0"4229="4;<427/;0
9
"Dcncuej"L."Cekfip"R."Giq|ewg"L."Xkuecuknncu"R."Eqokpq"T."Rcttknnc"LL0"Cdqtvq"fg"tgrgvkek„p0
Gp"Fqewogpvqu"fg"Eqpugpuq"UGIQ"3;;80"Ocftkf<"Ogfkvgz."3;;8<"rr"379/:30
:
" Ecdknn" FL." Yctfng" RI0" Dnggfkpi" cpf" rckp" kp" gctn{" rtgipcpe{0" Gp" Lcogu" FM." Uvggt" RL.
Ygkpgt" ER." Iqpkm" D" *gfu+0" Jkij" tkum" rtgipcpe{<" ocpcigogpv" qrvkqpu0" 5tf" gf." Gnugxkgt
Ucwpfgtu0"Rjkncfgnrjkc."WU<"4228."rr":6/3260
;
" Ewnngp" OV." Itggp" LL." Tggeg" GC." Jqddkpu" LE0" C" eqorctkuqp" qh" vtcpuxcikpcn" cpf
cdfqokpcn" wnvtcuqwpf" kp" xkuwcnk|kpi" vjg" hktuv" vtkoguvgt" eqpegrvwu0" L" Wnvtcuqwpf" Ogf0
3;:;="32<787/;0
32
" Jcvgn{" Y." Ecug" L." Ecordgnn" U0" Guvcdnkujkpi" vjg" fgcvj" qh" cp" godt{q" d{" wnvtcuqwpf<
tgrqtv" qh" c" rwdnke" kpswkt{" ykvj" tgeqoogpfcvkqpu0" Wnvtcuqwpf" Qduvgv" I{pgeqn0" 3;;7=
7<575/90
33
" Vtkpfgt" L." Dtqemngjwtuv" R." Rqtvgt" T." Tgcf" O." X{cu" U." Uokvj" N0" Ocpcigogpv" qh
okuecttkcig<" gzrgevcpv." ogfkecn" qt" uwtikecnA" Tguwnvu" qh" tcpfqok|gf" eqpvtqnngf" vtkcn
*okuecttkcig"vtgcvogpv"*OKUV"vtkcn+0"DOL0"4228="554<3457/:0
34
" Jgttck|" OC." Jgttck|" K." K|swkgtfq" P." fg" Okiwgn" LT." Ok‚q" O." U pejg|" OC0" Cdqtvq
gurqpv pgq0"Gp"Fqewogpvqu"fg"Eqpugpuq"UGIQ"422;0
35
" Dtqyp" FN." Gogtuqp" FU." Hgnmgt" TG." Ectvkgt" OU." Uokvj" YE0" Fkcipquku" qh" gctn{
godt{qpke"fgokug"d{"gpfqxcikpcn"uqpqitcrj{0"L"Wnvtcuqwpf"Ogf0"3;;2=";<853/80
36
" Cdckf" NP." Cu/Ucpkg" U." Yqnhg" JO0" Tgncvkqpujkr" dgvyggp" etqyp/twor" ngpivj" cpf" gctn{
fgvgevkqp"qh"ectfkce"cevkxkv{0"L"Tgrtqf"Ogf0"4229="74<596/:0
37
"Tqynkpi"UG."Eqngocp"DI."Ncpigt"LG."Ctigt"RJ."Pkugpdcwo"JN."Jqtkk"UE0"Hktuv/vtkoguvgt
WU"rctcogvgtu"qh"hckngf"rtgipcpe{0"Tcfkqnqi{0"3;;9="425<433/90
38
"Fqwdkngv"RO."Dgpuqp"ED0"Godt{qpke"jgctv"tcvg"kp"vjg"gctn{"hktuv"vtkoguvgt<"yjcv"tcvg"ku
pqtocnA"L"Wnvtcuqwpf"Ogf0"3;;7="36<653/60
39
"Ejwpi"M."Cnngp"T0"Vjg"wug"qh"ugtkcn"jwocp"ejqtkqpke"iqpcfqvtqrkp"ngxgnu"vq"guvcdnkuj"c
xkcdng"qt"c"pqpxkcdng"rtgipcpe{0"Ugokp"Tgrtqf"Ogf0"422:="48<5:5/;20
3:
"Ucxctku"TH."Dtcwp"TF."Ikduqp"O0"Yjgp"c"rtgipcpe{"uggou"nkmg"cp"gevqrkeÈ"dwv"kupŁv0
Qduvgv"I{pgeqn0"4229="32;<365;/640
3;
" Jctxknng" GY." Ykneqz" CL." Dcktf" FF." Ygkpdgti" ET0" Xcikpcn" dnggfkpi" kp" xgt{" gctn{
rtgipcpe{0"Jwo"Tgrtqf0"4225="3:<3;66/90
42
" P{dgti" FC." Hknn{" TC." Nckpi" HE." Ocem" NC." ¥ctwvumkg" RY0" Gevqrke" rtgipcpe{0" Fkcipquku
d{"uqpqitcrj{"eqttgncvgf"ykvj"swcpvkvcvkxg"JEI"ngxgnu0"L"Wnvtcuqwpf"Ogf0"3;:9="8<367/
720
43
"Vjg"ectg"qh"yqogp"tgswguvkpi"kpfwegf"cdqtvkqp0"Gxkfgpeg/dcugf"Enkpkecn"Iwkfgnkpg"p³
90"TEQI0"Ugrvgodgt"42260
44
"Vjg"ocpcigogpv"qh"gctn{"rtgipcpe{"nquu0"TEQI0"Itggp/vqr"iwkfgnkpg"p³"470"Qevqdgt
42280
45
" Ejgp" DC." Etgkpkp" OF0" Eqpvgorqtct{" ocpcigogpv" qh" gctn{" rtgipcpe{" hcknwtg0" Enkp
Qduvgv"I{pgeqn0"4229="72<89/::0

39
223

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3:
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
46
" Hqtpc" H." I¯nog|qinw" CO0" Rtqegfkokgpvqu" swkt¿tikequ" rctc" nc" gxcewcek„p" fgn" cdqtvq
kpeqorngvq"*Tgxkuk„p"Eqejtcpg"vtcfwekfc+0"Gp"Nc"Dkdnkqvgec"Eqejtcpg"Rnwu."422:"P¿ogtq
60" Qzhqtf<" Wrfcvg" Uqhvyctg" Nvf0" Fkurqpkdng" gp<" jvvr<11yyy0wrfcvg/uqhvyctg0eqo0
*Vtcfwekfc"fg"Vjg"Eqejtcpg" Nkdtct{."422:"Kuuwg"50"Ejkejguvgt." WM<"Lqjp"Ykng{" (" Uqpu.
Nvf0+0
47
" Mgfgt" NO0" Dguv" rtcevkegu" kp" uwtikecn" cdqtvkqp0" Co" L" Qduvgv" I{pgeqn0" 4225=" 3:;<63:/
440
48
" Tqejg" PG." Rctm" UL0" Uwtikecn" ocpcigogpv" qh" cdqtvkqp0" 42280" Fkurqpkdng" gp<
jvvr<11gogfkekpg0ogfuecrg0eqo10
49
"Ucxctku"TH."Dtcwp"TF."Ikduqp"O0"Yjgp"c"rtgipcpe{"uggou"nkmg"cp"gevqrkeÈ"dwv"kupŁv0
Qduvgv"I{pgeqn0"4229="32;<365;/640
4:
"Ocwtggp"R0"Qhhkeg"ocpcigogpv"qh"gctn{"kpfwegf"cdqtvkqp0"Enkp"Qduvgv"I{pgeqn0"3;;;=
64<"4;2/5270
4;
" WrVqFcvg<" Okhgrtkuvqpg" hqt" vjg" ogfkecn" vgtokpcvkqp" qh" rtgipcpe{0" Fkurqpkdng" gp<
yyy0wrvqfcvg0eqo0
52
" Iqnfdgti" CD." Itggpdgti" DU." Fctpg{" RF0" Okuqrtquvqn" cpf" rtgipcpe{0" P" Gpin" L" Ogf0
4223="566<5:/690
53
"Ueqvv"LT."Etcogt"FY."Rgvgtuqp"JD0"Tgcfkpi"vjg"ogfkecn"nkvgtcvwtg<"crrn{kpi"gxkfgpeg
vq"rtcevkeg0"Ycujkpvqpi."FE<"CEQI."3;;:<"3/:0
54
" Uc{" N." Mwnkgt" T." I¯nog|qinw" O." Ecorcpc" C0" Ofivqfqu" ofifkequ" xgtuwu" ofivqfqu
swkt¿tikequ"rctc"nc"kpvgttwrek„p"fgn"godctc|q"gp"gn"rtkogt"vtkoguvtg"*Tgxkuk„p"Eqejtcpg
vtcfwekfc+0" Gp" Nc" Dkdnkqvgec" Eqejtcpg" Rnwu." 422:" P¿ogtq" 60" Qzhqtf<" Wrfcvg" Uqhvyctg
Nvf0" Fkurqpkdng" gp<" jvvr<11yyy0wrfcvg/uqhvyctg0eqo0" *Vtcfwekfc" fg" Vjg" Eqejtcpg
Nkdtct{."422:"Kuuwg"50"Ejkejguvgt."WM<"Lqjp"Ykng{"("Uqpu."Nvf0+0
55
"Jqiwg"EL."Dqctfocp"NC."Uvqvncpf"PN."Rgkrgtv"LH0"Cpuygtkpi"swguvkqpu"cdqwv"nqpi/vgto
qwveqogu0" Kp" Rcwn" O." Nkejvgpdgt" GU." Dqticvvc" N." Itkogu" F." Uvwddnghkgnf" RF" *gfu+0" C
enkpkekcpŁu" iwkfg" vq" ogfkecn" uwtikecn" cdqtvkqp0" Rjkncfgnrjkc." Ejwtejknn" Nkxkpiuvqpg0" 3;;;<
rr"439/440
56
"Jwtf" YY."Yjkvhkgn"TT."Tcpfqnrj"LH"LT."gv"cn0" Gzrgevcpv" ocpcigogpv" xgtuwu" gngevkxg
ewtgvvcig"hqt"vjg"vtgcvogpv"qh"urqpvcpgwu"cdqtvkqp0"Hgtvkn"Uvgtkn0"3;;9="8:<823/80
57
" Pcpfc" M." Rgnqiikc" C." Itkogu" F." Nqrg|" N." Pcpfc" I0" Vtcvcokgpvq" gzrgevcpvg" xgtuwu
vtcvcokgpvq" swkt¿tikeq" fgn" cdqtvq" gurqpv pgq" *Tgxkuk„p" Eqejtcpg" vtcfwekfc+0" Gp" Nc
Dkdnkqvgec"Eqejtcpg"Rnwu."422:" P¿ogtq" 60" Qzhqtf<" Wrfcvg" Uqhvyctg" Nvf0" Fkurqpkdng" gp<
jvvr<11yyy0wrfcvg/uqhvyctg0eqo0" *Vtcfwekfc" fg" Vjg" Eqejtcpg" Nkdtct{." 422:" Kuuwg" 50
Ejkejguvgt."WM<"Lqjp"Ykng{"("Uqpu."Nvf0+0
58
"Rctmgt"L."Ytc{"L."Iqqej"C."Tqduqp"U."Swtgujk"J0"Iwkfgnkpgu"hqt"vjg"wug"qh"rtqrj{ncevke
cpvk/F" koowpqinqdwnkp0" Nqpfqp" *WM+<" Dtkvkuj" Eqookvvgg" hqt" Uvcpfctfu" kp" Jcgocvqnqi{
*DEUJ+=" 42280" " Fkurqpkdng" gp" jvvr<11yyy0iwkfgnkpg0iqx0" Eqpuwnvcfq" gn" 3:" fkekgodtg
422;0
59
"Kuqkpowpk|cek„p"gtkvtqekvctkc0"Rtqvqeqnq"UGIQ0"Fkurqpkdng"gp<"yyy0ugiq0gu0
5:
"Uwtikecn"gxcewcvkqp"qh"tgvckpgf"rtqfwevu"qh"eqpegrvkqp"hqt"gctn{"rtgipcpe{"nquu0"TEQI0
Eqpugpv"Cfxkug"p³"32."Fgegodgt"422;0
5;
" Fgxguc" T." Twk|" L." N„rg|/Tqf„" X." Ecttgtc" LO0" Gxcewcek„p" wvgtkpc" gp" gn" cdqtvq
gurqpv pgq"{"rtqxqecfq0"Gp"Ecttgtc"LO."Mwtlcm"C."*gfu+0"Ogfkekpc"fgn"godtk„p0"Ocuuqp<
Dctegnqpc."3;;9="rr"77;/9;0

3:
224

Uqekgfcf"Gurc‚qnc"fg"Ikpgeqnqi c"{"Qduvgvtkekc
R³"fg"nc"Jcdcpc."3;2"Dclq"*4:258+"Ocftkf0"G/ockn<"ugiqBugiq0gu"~"Vgn0<";3"572";:"38"~"Hcz<";3"572";:"3: