CHAPTER 4 (Pwede ako nalang aning Chapter 4 mag report belle?

<<I insert ang pic sa floor plan ug sa layout diagram>>

<<Ang reporter na bahala sa iingon niya about sa floor plan>>

<<pwede pud ako nalang diri dapita mag report>>

Plant Equipment and Detailed Descriptions

Washer

The fruit may undergo initial washing to remove dust, dirt and pesticide residues.

Fruit Sorter/Grader

analyzes the fruit's shape, size, surface defects, and damage, determines the grade and
position information of each fruit, realizes intelligent real-time detection and classification of
the fruit, and classifies the fruit.

Extractor

Used for extracting the juice

Finisher

reduces the pulp contents in the orange

Centrifuges

consists of a vertical stack of thin disks in the shape of a cone which separates solids and one
or two liquid phases from each other in one single continuous process, using extremely high
centrifugal forces.

Pasteurizer

sterilizes the fruit juice with high heat

Evaporator

distributed on the heating pipes and a thin film is created as it flows downwards.

Vacuum Pump

used to eliminate the air (oxygen) in the orange juice.

Sterilizer

Used to sterilize the juice

Mixing
 Concentrator

used after fruit juice extraction, degassing, or clarification process, to make concentrated
fruit juice, which is the raw material to make various juice drinks.

Polisher

designed for peeling, polishing, and cleaning oranges.

Presses

used to make fruit juice or vegetable juice by hydraulic pressing.

Dryer

For Packaging and Storage

Aseptic Packaging

process in which the filling and sealing of the sterilized product is done in the sterilized
packaging material in a totally hygienic environment which protects the food contents from
microorganisms improving its shelf life while retaining its original test, texture, color, and
nutrition.

Canning

preserves food by removing the oxygen through an airtight seal and containing food in an
acidic, sugary, or salty environment, where bacteria cannot thrive.

Concentrated Tank

Equipment wherein concentrates are stored

Storage Bins <<ayaw na butangi anang “a”, picture lang ibutang tas iya description>>

- suitable for containing the juice under atmospheric pressure to preserve its organoleptic
features.

Frozen Drum and Tank Storage

Used to preserve food and beverages and is also capable of maintaining ideal temperatures
for the storage of pharmaceutical products and agro-industry raw materials. Storage of product
for a long span.

Silo

store grain, powders, fermented feed (known as silage), and animal slurry.

Refrigerated Aseptic Storage

utilized to store liquids, and some viscous products, including dairy.

Chapter 5

Executive summary

Fruit juice processing is new research that introduces innovative technologies for fruit juice
processing plants and improves the quality of juice production.

- To produce fruit juice more quickly, cheaply, and profitably, researchers concentrated
on highly advanced equipment and technology that is more effective than conventional
methods.
- To make the exchange or transaction of fruit juice and services more convenient, the
researcher chose a product that is currently available in a location where buyers and
sellers can meet.

Fruit-juice processing intends to reach suitable clients through small-scale enterprises and
commercial industrial firms.

The production of the best-quality, more nutrient-dense juice is encouraged by

implementing innovative techniques for processing fruit into juice.

Background Information

I.2a. Orange

Oranges are fruits of numerous citrus species in the Rutaceae family.

Orange tree fruit can be consumed fresh or processed to get the juice or fragrant peel.

I.2b. Orange Juice

Orange juice is a liquid extract of the orange tree fruit by means of pressing or reaming
oranges.

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I.2c. Scenario

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II.1. Identification of current organizational operations practices

Examining the market's structure, aims, position, segments, and structure are all part of the
market study. A market analysis is conducted with a thorough examination of the setting in which
the juice firm conducts business. The market analysis process requires time and money to gather the
necessary data. The juice company must gather data on its prospective clients before entering the
market. Additionally, various experts and organizations are available that the corporation can
engage to conduct market research.
 The company can use group discussions to gather information for market analysis, allowing
analysts to gauge market players' opinions, perceptions, and attitudes toward current trends.

II.2 Process Technology Strategy

A specific product or service's target market includes current and future customers. The organization
considers age, demographic, psychological, economic, and social considerations when deciding on a
target market. It might think about supplying juice to supermarkets where it sells to many
consumers, to large hotels in the city and across the nation, to recreation areas frequented
particularly by non-drinkers, to hospitals where patients are advised to drink juice to boost their
immunity, to upscale estates where fresh juice typically makes up part of breakfast, and even to the
travel industry.

II.3. Capacity Management

Market structure, market segmentation, market objectives, and market position are all studied in
market analysis. Determine consumer behavior in the target market, strategies for defeating rivals,
market share of the company, and the prospects for the industry's future expansion are the key
goals of market study. The international market is still viable for the corporation to sell its fruits
because it also experiences an inadequate supply of fruits and juice. Most fruit markets need more
ability to produce enough juice to fulfill the rising demand in the local market. The juice company
should broaden its target market beyond domestic and international markets.

II.4. Organization and Systems Development

Orange juice has many functions in the rural economy. Developing and extending their use can
benefit many social groups. There are some approaches to the use of orange juice in development.

●Improving some existing systems of orange juice production is, of course, the most common
approach. Chapters 2 and 3 showed the importance of identifying the system concerned and
investigating the specific problems in processing orange juice in that system before improvements
are attempted.

● Promoting the health benefits of drinking orange juice; Oranges are well known for having a high
dose of vitamin C, which helps your immune system stay strong. But oranges also have other
nutrients like potassium, folate, and thiamin. Additionally, oranges have a high-water content, so
they help your family stay hydrated.

II.5. Fruit Production

Orange juice is a rewarding business. Orange juice, a rich source of Vitamin C, has been in huge
demand since the outbreak of COVID-19. So, if the business is properly managed, the benefits can be
significant. Delicious and healthy orange fruit juice and basic marketing skills can make a lot of
money.

II.6. Performance and Improvement Strategy

With the globalization of the food sector, there is a noticeable increase in the demand for premium
juice and juice-like beverages. Since most of the domestic and international juice trade has
historically been controlled by huge multinational corporations or their affiliates, only a small
number of fruit and vegetable juices have traditionally served this market. In affluent nations, juices,
including orange, grape, pineapple, apple, tomato, and blends, are well-known. Juice goods, minor
juices, and tropical juices are becoming more popular.

II.7. Supplier Development Strategies

Economies of scale can be achieved in the market by concentrating the production of fruits and by
exporting fruit juice concentrates. This can help the processors to spread the risk if they invest in
new production areas. Sourcing offers the opportunity for manufacturers to acquire from different
regions and thereby be flexible in blending. It can also let retailers diversify with the entire juice
category and sell different drinks. However, the sourcing may prove challenging if the sustainability
of supply is an issue like scenarios when fruits struggle for the share of an acre with other crops. This
may also result in problems for the processors about their capacity utilization if the supply of fruits
gets affected.

III.1. Process Technology Strategy

The fast-food business is expanding at a healthy rate. Fruit juice consumption is anticipated to rise
shortly due to the fast-food industry's rapid growth. Implementation of a systematized, structured
processing plant flow. A crucial component of the food sector is innovation. Many issues concerning
science and technology, and just the organizations dedicated to innovation based on Science, might
endure in a cutthroat environment. That is, consequently, a crucial component of the differentiation
that justifies differentiation knowing how consumers view innovation using technology.

III.2. Event Flow Chart

<<PICTURE THEN EXPALIN>>

III.3 Organizations and Systems Development

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III. 4. Organizations of Process Production

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III.5. Operation Managers

An organization must efficiently convert resources (materials, labor, money, and information) into
goods or services to compete with other businesses. Operations managers are the senior managers
that oversee this change process. All of the tasks necessary to turn a product concept into a finished
good are handled by operations management (OM). Operations managers often participate in the
planning and management of the systems that generate commodities and services. In other words,
operations supervise the procedure that converts inputs into outputs.

IV.1. Main Factors affecting Change in Operation Management

Below are the main factors that affect the flow of operations, which leads to a change in operation
management.
IV.1a Local, National, and Global Competition

Competition at the local, national, and even international creates an impact that can affect the
operation management and decision-making of the company. This will change how a company does
business and improve product and service quality, providing consumers with more options.

IV.1b. Materials and Capital Security

Raw materials and capital play a significant role in operation management. The right quantity and
quality of raw materials are essential since it determines the output or the final product. Also, capital
increases the productivity of employees and, in turn, the economy. The organization must constantly
watch them to protect them and guarantee correct material use.

IV.1c. Quality, Customer Care, and Expenditure Challenge

Quality, customer care, and expenditure is the greatest challenge that must be overcome daily to be
consistent in the business world. The consumer has a lot of wants in a product, including good
quality with better service and affordable prices. However, maintaining three of them can increase
the cost of production. Therefore, this is a difficult duty for a company since quality, customer care,
and expenditure should never be less.

IV.1d. Social Responsibilities

A company holds social responsibility, which cultivates positive brand recognition, develops a
platform to market, and earns the audience’s attention. Everything that a company does in a
community can seriously affect the operation management, which can either ensure the
improvement of a company or harm the status of the company.

IV.1e. Expansion of Technology Advancement

Expanding in more advanced technology can be costly at first, but when a company looks at the
long-term effect, it will surely help increase the efficiency of systems, products, and services. Also,
operation management can operate smoothly. Technology promotes new markets and customers. A
company should properly handle technological advancement and use technology best for a business
to grow.

IV.1f. Legal Considerations

Government policies and legal requirements in various sections should be considered and aware of
when starting a company. This includes tax, export-import, vat, tariffs, and others. Legal
considerations should be prioritized because this will affect how a company runs a business. It is an
obligation, and any disobedience could severely impact the company in a negative way. Therefore,
wherever necessary, the decision should be made with the right observation of the existing legal
position.

IV.1g. Business Ethics

Business ethics promote integrity among employees and gain trust from key stakeholders, such as
investors and consumers. Having a standard for values, behaviors, and decision-making ensures that
a company operates lawfully, safeguarding both employees and the public. To prevent unfavorable
circumstances from affecting company policies, performing the operations while upholding the code
of ethics is implemented and followed.

SA MATERIAL UG TECHNOLLGY KAY I pang storya lang kay taas kayo

Chapter 6

Approach

Concern is focused on both the anticipated benefits and costs as well as the degree of trust that may
be put in these estimates when choosing between alternative uses of scarce resources. Thus, a
consideration of the level of uncertainty around predictions of the consequence of a choice and the
risk of making a poor selection is a crucial part of an economic appraisal.

Development Impacts

The development and innovation of different types of fruit juice machinery in turn extend the
demand of fruit juice drinks, as well as drive the growth of the fruit juice industry. With the
expansion of the fruit juice machinery industry, it presents the following few trends. High production
efficiency is badly needed. Only by reducing cost and raising productivity can companies survive in
the fierce competition. In addition, the products should be upgraded in time to adapt to the
constantly changing market. The products must be flexible and easy to adjust so as to meet different
requirements of products and save customers cost

Economic Benefits

From people making juice at home for their families to multinational corporations with several
linked high-capacity facilities and juice product lines servicing worldwide demands, juice processing
technology is used in all aspects of the juice industry. Minor juices, small-scale or local
manufacturing of such goods, and the unique issues encountered by producers who have not
participated in this boom, however, are given significantly less attention. But then, potential
capabilities could include improving the quality, safety, economics, and diversity of the local food
supply, as well as giving local agricultural goods more value.

Total Projected Cost

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Cash flow

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