HINDUSTAN SHIPYARD LIMITED

VISAKHAPATNAM
(The First ISO 9001 shipbuilding company in India – ministry of Defense undertaking)

Industrial Internship Report

(JUNE 2022)

Submitted by Under the Esteemed guidance of

RAGIPINDI AMARNATHA REDDY, S. SIVAJI GANESH SIR,

MTech – Industrial Safety Engineering, DGM (Safety),

NIT-Tiruchirappalli. Safety department,

Hindustan Shipyard Limited.

Registered office: M/S Hindustan shipyard limited,

Gandhigram,
Visakhapatnam – 530005

Telephone : 0891_2577404/437
Fax : 0891_2577502/356
 Preface
This project report is prepared during the summer internship undertaken at
“HINDUSTAN SHIPYARD LIMITED, VISAKHAPATNAM “.
The theories which we have studied in different subjects do not provide sufficient
knowledge and particularly for the engineering students. This internship has
provided a good opportunity to the students to learn practical knowledge and to
gain some experience as well as skills. Now a days safety and productivity are two
sides of the coin and every industry has been giving first priority to the safety. This
report is designed with the objective of gaining knowledge on hazards and safety
precautions of the task, equipment and workplace in Hindustan Shipyard Limited,
Visakhapatnam.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Taking internship at HSL had been a great learning experience for us. The
theoretical knowledge we gained in nit Trichy had been completed effectively due to
the guidance and support provided by HSL employers and employees.
I would like to acknowledge S. Sivaji Ganesh sir, DGM, Safety department, HSL,
for allowing us to complete our training at HSL under knowledgeable training
guides.
My sincere thanks to Punith Goyal sir, Safety Officer, Safety department, HSL,
for helping and guiding me in industrial safety.
I would like to thank k. Nageswara Rao sir and Raja Ramesh sir, safety
supervisors, Safety department, HSL, who have taught safety precautions in ship
building and at other workplaces.
Finally, I would thank to my college and my department for making us to take this
internship and for providing us the opportunity to visit HSL.
 DECLARATION
I, RAGIPINDI AMARNATHA REDDY, Student of National Institute of
Technology, Tiruchirappalli studying MTech in industrial safety engineering
and here by declare that the 4 weeks industrial internship has been
successfully completed at Hindustan Shipyard Limited, Visakhapatnam
from 01/06/2022 to 30/06/2022.

Date: ____________
Place: Visakhapatnam

Signature of the student: ___________________

Signature of mentor
Signature of DGM
(Safety department) (Safety department)
 ABSTRACT
In this report, we will see definition, classification, prevention and protection of fire. Fire and
explosion are unanticipated states. Most of the industries are likely to fire and explosion. so, this
report is thoroughly explained about fire.

Material handling is a vital component of any manufacturing industry. An Electric Overhead

Travelling (EOT) crane is a mechanical material handling device equipped with a rope drum, wire
rope and sheaves that are used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally or
vertically. EOT cranes are associated with large number of hazards in their operation. In this report,
we will see the hazards and control measures of EOT Cranes.

And this report contains requirements for practices and procedures to protect employees in industry
from the hazards of entry into permit-required confined spaces. And this section discussed about
welding types and their hazards especially pertaining to confined space.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 Ship Building Industries Information 1

2 About Hindustan Shipyard Limited 2

3 About Safety 8

4 Fire safety 9

5 EOT Crane hazards and control measures 15

6 Confined Space in Ship 20

7 Study Of PPE’s (Personal Protective Equipment) 23

8 Welding Hazards and Control Measures 34

9 Suggestions 38

10 Conclusion and Bibliography 39

 1. SHIP BUILDING INDUSTRIES INFORMATION

International Level:
Shipbuilding is a global industry. China, South Korea and Japan currently
control approximately 90% of the total market share measured in dead
weight tons (DWT). The Indian shipbuilding industry is small by global
standards, and currently accounts for less than 1% of the global
shipbuilding industry. The Structure of the Indian shipbuilding industry
can be divided into three distinct segments via public sector shipyards,
Defense shipyards and Private shipyard.

This industry is dynamic and cyclic in nature therefore challenges result in

procedural delays and hampers augmentation of capacity.

Domestic Level:
Recent economic growth and wider trade patterns have resulted in
longer voyages, and increased tonnage per mile, and that has caused a
shortage of ships to develop with consequent increases in freight rates.
The increase in freight rates has encouraged ship owners to place orders
for more new ships. The increase in new vessel orders during the period
from 2004 to 2006 has included all the main categories of commercial
ships, including the Panamax bulk carriers. The higher levels of
placement of global new vessel orders in 2006 has continued into 2007,
but from last three to four years i.e., from 2011 shipping industries has
been affected by Global recession.

Government Sector Shipbuilding Industries

• Cochin Shipyard Limited Shipyard Limited

• Mazagaon Dock Limited Limited
• Garden Reach Shipyard Dock
• Hindustan
• Goa Shipyard
• Hooghly
Private Sector Shipbuilding Industries
1) ABG Shipyard
2) Pipavav Shipyard
3) Tebma Shipyard
4) Bharti Shipyard Limited
5) L&T Shipyard Limited
6) Chowgule & Co. Ltd. Etc.

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 2. ABOUT HINDUSTAN SHIPYARD LIMITED

Hindustan Shipyard Limited is strategically located on the east coast of

India at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh originally set-up under private
management in 1941. The Shipyard was taken over by the government of
India in 1952. The shipyard functions under the administrative control of
ministry of shipping, Road Transport and Highway, Govt. of India.
Hindustan shipyard Limited is the pioneer ship building industry in India. It
is located on the east coast on 83.17’E latitude, 73.41'N latitude. It is one of
the prestigious industries in Visakhapatnam. HSL is the part of the natural
harbor of Visakhapatnam port and naval Dockyard meeting with it.

Dr. BABU RAJENDRA PRASAD, the president of India National Congress

laid the foundation stone on 21st June 1941 for Scindia Steam Navigation
at Visakhapatnam. Mr. Walchand Hirachand Scindia was the founder of
Shipyard.
In 1949, there were 4000 men employed and 9 British engineer including
Mr. Compher (the chief Manager of shipyard). In March 1950, Government
with the formation of Eastern Shipping Corporation entered the field of
shipping. It was a joint venture with Government holding 74% of the capital
and Scindia 26% capital. Scindia Steam Navigation Company (SSNC) was

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established at the present place of HSL later it was taken over by late Sri
Walchand Hirachand, who opened a boat building Company with the
collaboration of M/S. Sir Alexander & partners consulting engineers in U.K.
The keel of the ship names "JALA USHA" was launched on 14th March 1948
by late Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru our first PM.

BACKGROUND:
The shipyard has built and delivered so far over 137 ships aggregating over
1.27 million DWT. The shipyard has built big ships, small crafts, tugs,
dredges, naval vessels, passenger ships, training ship, drill ship, off shore
patrol support-cum-stand by vessels etc. of different designs for owners.
HSL has undergone modernization at a cost of approximately 100 crores.
The shipyard is at present capable of building bulk carriers up to 80,000
DWT.HSL with expertise skill, sound technology and a host of hull
engineering back up facilities also offers excellence ship repairs and dry
dock services.
The recent orders were MOT, Research vessels, A&N administration for
barges, utility boards. Tour ships of 30,000 DWT cargo’s for GEMI and
acquiring repairs for Indian Navy of INS Sindukranti division. Now, one of
the main ship building industries in India is going to emerge into Indian
security forces for Indian Navy Wing as efficient work and faster outputs.
HSL is awarded as ISO-9001 certified industry by LLOYD’s register of
quality assurance (LRQA) London for construction.

INFRASTRUCTURE DETAILS:

HSL’s yard is spread over an area of 3, 00,000 square meter. Workshops

and facilities are systematically planned and functionally laid out to ensure
unidirectional flow of material. The steel processing facilities consists of a
stock yard to hold 30,000 tons of steel modern plate and section treatment
plant gas cutting machines, heavy duty presses self-elevating trucks capable
of handling blocks of up to 250 tonnes and large pre-fabrication shops with
overheard travelling cranes of adequate capacity.
The hull construction facility includes a modern covered building dock and
three shipways. Cutting, wedding and assembly of steel to any specification
are handled with care and accuracy by skilled operation, with are
continuously trained to upgrade their skills. The long out fitting quay is
equipped with attendant self-contained services and facilities i.e., hull
fitting, engineering and electrical shops.

THE DESIGN CAPABILITY:

A remarkable achievement in the field ship design is the development of
"HS-Standard flexible design" acclaimed for its excellence for its
Hydrodynamic characteristics by HSVA ship model testing tank established

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at Hamburg, Germany. Seven, 27000WT bulk carriers of this design were
built for various costumers. HSL’s design capability embraces a wide
spectrum of general and special purpose vessels like medium size bulk
carriers up to 70,000 DWT, Product tankers, container vessels, dredgers,
passenger’s vessels, survey vessels, etc. it is backed up by latest CAD/CAM
software a part from AUTOKON with independent work stations.

THE ORGANISATION:
Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, A public sector understanding under the
administrative control of ministry of Shipyard Govt. of India.
HSL has following divisions:

• Ship building divisions

• Ship repair divisions
• Retrofit divisions
• Offshore platform division
• Structural fabrication division

SHIPBUILDING DIVISIONS:
• Capacity to construct vessels up to 50,000tonnes DWT.
• Two slipways (164*24m) have capacity for construction of vessels up
to 30,000tonnes DWT
• One slipway (140*22.7m) for small crafts.

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 • Building Dock (247*53*11.25m) has capacity up to 50000tonnes dead
weight.

SHIP REPAIR DIVISION:

It has the following facilities:

• Dry dock (244*38*11.6m) up to 57,000tonnes DWT.

• Wet basin has the capacity to accommodate for repair.
• HSL’s repair ship development has accomplished maintenance &
repair jobs on various variety of naval vessels including submarines,
merchant ships and oil rigs.
OFFSHORE PLATFORM DIVISION:
It has been engaged in the constructions of platform, jackets and other
related structure. It has well established and experienced production
organization with adequate facilities and is supported by necessary expertise
divisions of:
• Planning
• Purchase
• Production
• Q.A&Q.C

STUCTURAL FABRICATION DIVISION:

HSL has diversified its activities into industries structures of:
• Railway bridge girders.
• Pipes of the flow out of dredged materials.
• Steel structure construction for process plants.

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE:
A well-defined organization with horizontal and vertical linkage taken care of
all activities, operations functions of the HINDUSTAN SHIPYARD. Senior
management persons in the ranks of executive directors, General Managers,
Deputy Managers and Chief Manager placed in change of various groups
and divisions, the objective behind the division is to make to heads more
accountable and responsible for their decision as well as to raise the output
of each team group under their control divisions.

TRANSPORTATION OF PANELS/UNITS:

There are two self-elevating and propelling low bed trailers (KAMAG make
from Germany). One of 100 T and other of 150T for transporting the units
from Prefabricate shops to slip ways jetty and building docks. These trailers
are provided with most sophisticated Electronic multi-layer Hydraulic
Steering gear system. A coupling arrangement is provided for random

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operation of both the trailers for transporting units of order of 200T to 250T
with one operator from 150 T trailer.

SHIP BUILDING BERTHS:

These are 3 slipways/building available for construction of vessels of
30000DWT.
Area of each -
• Berth No. 2 (140 M long *22.7M wide)
• Berth No. 3 (185 M long *25 M wide)
• Berth No. 4 (185 M long * 25 M wide)

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7
 3. ABOUT SAFETY
Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected from harm
or other danger.
In general, health and safety laws apply to all businesses, no matter how
small. As an employer, or a self-employed person, we are responsible for
health and safety in our business. We need to take the right precautions to
reduce the risks of workplace dangers and provide a safe working
environment.
Health and safety management should be a straightforward part of
managing your workplace as a whole. It involves practical steps that protect
people from harm and at the same time protect the future success and the
growth of our business. Good practice in health and safety makes sound
business sense.
Commitment of safety, health and environment in HSL:
To ensure safety and health of all employees including contractor’s workmen
while at work so far as is reasonably practicable
To adhere and comply strictly with all applicable statutory Acts, Rules &
Regulations of State and Central governments concerning safety, health and
environment.
To integrate safety and health in all areas of production activity commencing
from plant layout, production flow, purchase of plant & equipment and
selection, training & placement of personnel.
To impart training in occupational health, safety and environment to all
employees so that the employees are enabled to possess the required
knowledge, information and understanding to carry out with responsibility
of their jobs without endangering themselves, other employees, plant
equipment environment & products.

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 4. FIRE SAFETY
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical
process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

A fire cannot take place in absence of any one of these three factors (fuel, oxygen,
heat)
For extinguishing a fire – break any one of the arms in this triangle

• Heat may be removed (cooling – pouring water)

• Stopping oxygen supply (smothering the fire by foam or dry sand)
• Removing the combustible material (isolating the fuel/ fuel starving
condition)
Element of fire – Heat, Fuel, Oxygen, Proportioning, Mixing, and Ignition
continuity
Mixing and Proportioning:
➢ Fuel vapours and oxygen must be mixed in the correct proportions –
Stochiometric mixture
➢ A mixture which contains fuel vapours in an amount less than that in
stochiometric mixture is called lean mixtures, while a mixture which
has too high concentration of fuel vapours is called rich mixtures.
➢ The lowest concentration that will burn is known as the Lower
flammability Limit (LFL), while the highest level is known as the Upper
flammability Limit (UFL).
➢ The range in which the fuel vapours burn is known as the flammable
region.
Ignition continuity:
➢ It is the thermal feedback from the fire to the fuel.

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 ➢ Heat is transferred by conduction, convection, radiation, and direct
flame contact.
➢ Conduction is the transfer of heat by direct contact through a solid
body – Wood is a poor conductor of heat whereas metals are good
conductor of heat.
➢ Convection is the transfer of heat caused by changes in density of
liquids and gases. When liquids or gases are heated, they become less
dense and will expand and rise.
➢ Radiation is the transfer of heat by infrared radiation (similar to travel
of light). No material substance is required for radiative heat transfer.
Radiant heat flux is absorbed, reflected or transmitted through a
body.
Flash & Fire point:
➢ Flash point is the lowest temperature at which the fuel can vaporize to
form an ignitable mixture in air.
➢ It is used to quantify the flammability hazard of the fuel
➢ Flash point for diesel fuel is > 55 °C while for gasoline is usually very
low, −45 °C.
➢ Adding a more volatile liquid like gasoline to diesel fuel can depress
the flash point and dramatically increase the flammability hazard.
➢ Fire point is the temperature at which the fuel vapours will continue
to burn.
➢ For same product, fire point is higher than flash point
➢ Auto-ignition temperature is the temperature at which spontaneous
ignition can takes place. It is the temperature at which a substance
should reach before it ignites in the absence of flame.

Classification of fires
US Classification
Class of fire Type of fire
A Ordinary combustibles: wood, paper, rubber, fabrics,
and many plastics
B Flammable Liquids and Gases: gasoline, oils, paint,
lacquer, and tar
C Fires involving Live Electrical Equipment
D Combustible metals or combustible metal alloys
K Fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible
cooking media: vegetables or animal oils and fats

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UK Classification
Class of fire Type of fire
A Wood, paper, plastic, fabric, and most kind of trash.
B Flammable liquids (for example gasoline)
C Burning gases (for example: natural gas)
D Combustible metals* such as magnesium,
potassium, titanium, and zirconium.
*Exception of the metals that burn in contact with air
or water (for example sodium)
E Fires involving potentially energized electrical
equipment.
F Unsaturated cooking oils in well insulated cooking
appliances located in commercial kitchens.

IS 2190: 2010
Class of fire Type of fire
A Fires involving solid combustible materials of organic
nature such as wood, paper, rubber, plastics, etc.,
where the cooling effect of water is essential for
extinction of fires.
B Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids
or the like where a blanketing effect is essential.
C Fires involving flammable gases under pressure
including liquefied gases, where it is necessary to
inhibit the burning gas at fast rate with an inert gas,
powder or vaporizing liquid for extinguishment.
D Fires involving Combustible metals such as
magnesium, potassium,
Sodium, titanium, and zirconium, etc., when the
burring metals are reactive to water and water
containing agents and in certain cases carbon di
oxide, halogenated hydrocarbons and ordinary dry
powders.
Note: it is important to decide selection and use of extinguisher on live
electrical installations. The extinguisher that has passed electrical
conductivity test should only be used.

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IS 15683: 2018
Class of fire Type of fire
A Fires involving solid combustible materials of organic
nature such as wood, paper, rubber, plastics, etc.,
where the cooling effect of water is essential for
extinction of fires.
B Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids
or the like where a blanketing effect is essential to
extinguish the fire.
C Fires involving flammable gases under pressure
including liquefied gases, where it is necessary to
inhibit the burning gas at fast rate with an inert gas,
powder or vaporizing liquid for extinguishment.
D Fires involving Combustible metals such as
magnesium, potassium,
Sodium, titanium, and zirconium, etc., when the
burring metals are reactive to water and water
containing agents and in certain cases carbon di
oxide, halogenated hydrocarbons and ordinary dry
powders.

We Should Know About the Fire Before Fighting It

▪ All the major fire accidents start as a small fire and left unnoticed
▪ Essential thing – have the right equipment at right place and train the
people to use it effectively.
▪ Know the locations and the types of extinguishers in your workplace
prior to actually using one
▪ Fire extinguishers can be heavy, so practice picking up and holding
an extinguisher to get an idea of the weight and feel.
▪ Take time to read the operating instructions and warnings found on
the fire extinguisher label. Not all fire extinguishers look alike.
▪ Practice releasing the discharge hose or horn and aiming it at the base
of an imagined fire. Do not pull the pin or squeeze the lever. This will
break the extinguisher seal and cause it to lose pressure.

Fire Protection System

Two types of fire protection systems
➢ Passive Fire protection
➢ Active Fire protection

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Passive fire protection system:
❖ Passive fire protection system Allowing the occupants to escape and
fire fighters to do their job.
❖ PFP are passive in normal conditions and acts on during a fire
incident.
❖ PFP measure such as fire walls and fire doors are tested to determine
the fire resistance rating of the final assembly and is expressed in
terms of hour of fire resistance (1/3, 3/4, 1, 2, 4 hours).
❖ PFP system has the ability to maintain the area to be protected at or
below 140°C (for walls, floors and electrical circuits) or 550°C (for
structural steel).
Active fire protection system:
❖ Different categories of AFP systems:
▪ Detection – using sensors to detect heat, smoke, or flame and
send signal to alarms throughout the building.
▪ Suppression – anything that can put out a fire through direct
action either manually or automatically with indirect or direct
release systems.
▪ Ventilation – keeping evacuation routes smoke free with fire-
resistant fans
❖ Some Common AFP systems include
▪ Fire Blanket
▪ Fire extinguisher
▪ Sprinklers
▪ Fire detection system (smoke alarms)

Fire Extinguisher
❖ Fire Extinguisher is a portable device used to suppress small fire
❖ Commercially, there is no fire extinguisher which can be used for
tackling all classes of fire
❖ Different types of fire extinguisher used to tackle different classes of
fire are
▪ Water
▪ Foam
▪ Dry powder
▪ Carbon dioxide
❖ In case of a fire, use the extinguisher and remember PASS Method
▪ Pull the pin.
▪ Aim the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire from the
recommended safe distance.
▪ Squeeze the operating lever to discharge the fire extinguishing
agent.
▪ Sweep the nozzle or hose from side to side until the fire is out
starting at the recommended distance.

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Fire Extinguisher Types:

14
 5. EOT CRANE HAZARDS AND CONTROL
MEASURES

Rated Lifted Load: The rated lifted load from the mechanism design
considerations shall mean the external load lifted and handled by the crane
and shall include in addition to the safe working load, weight of rope and
lifting tackles such as magnets, grabs, lifting beams, book blocks, but shall
exclude wind load.
Safe Working Load: The maximum external load excluding the weight of the
lifting tackles under specified conditions for which the crane may be used.
This may be a variable quantity for a jib crane. If the grab forms an integral
part of the suspended gear, then the weight of the gear shall also be
included in the safe working load.

EOT Cranes (Electric Overhead Travelling):

[for material handling purpose]
Associated Hazards: Electrical Shock, Electrical Burn, Electrical Flash,
Fire, Slip/Trip/fall, Hit/Press/Cut hazard, fall of person from height, Fall of
materials from height etc.
Hazard identification methodology:
1. Questionnaire study method
2. Checklist method

Recommendation:
S. HAZARDOUS POTENTIAL HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES
No CONDITION
1 Lack of ID. Plate with Overloading may ID plate to be provided
SWL. occur which leads to with following details
fall of material, crane Safe working load,
failure may occur. identification number,
date of inspection.
2 Wear, tear and Hook can be broken, Periodically inspection
throat opening more lifting gear may come of hook and proper
than permissible out from jaw and load maintenance to be
limit of hook. can fall floor. performed.

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3 Lack of safety latch/ Lifting gear can came Safety latch to be
Safety latch is not out from hook jaw, provided in
working larger effort is needed working condition,
to attach or remove periodic
lifting gears so riggers inspection to be
helpers are expose to performed,
back injury, holding, training to be given to
pushing and personal of manual
frustration. lifting.

4 Reduction in wire Deduction in wire Preventive

rope rope diameter, maintenance of wire
diameter/crushing/k kinking, crushing, rope. Periodically
ink/corrosions/ from which hook inspection of wire rope.
Elongation in block and load can Wear all work-related
length/broken wires. fall from height which PPE’s.
results to fatal
accident, body part
injury
5 Damaged pulley Broken wires can cut Proper clearance of
the body parts rope to pulley
of riggers/operators. Periodically inspection,
preventive
maintenance.
6 Vibration of lifting Vibration of EOT oose nut bolt should be
machinery crane components tight and proper oiling
components leads to crane failure, greasing to be done at
fall of material, the time of
machinery damage maintenance, through
can cause dangerous inspection and testing
accidents to be performed.
7 Heavy noise or Heavy noise or Periodically inspection
unusual sound unusual sound can and maintenance to be
cause hearing losses, performed PPEs should
communication error be worn by operator’s
between operator’s Proper communication
and riggers. device to be provided
in noisy areas.
8 Crane warning lights Not working or not Preventive
and siren do not availability of maintenance of
work properly. electrical safety electrical components
components like should be done.
Crane warning lights, Periodically / daily
siren leads to crane checklist inspections to
collide, property be performed and
damage, poor operational testing of
visibility, eye warning devices.
deficiency, frustration
of operators.

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9 Electrical condition Electrically poor Periodically inspection
such as conditions such as of electrical
1. Ear thing not naked wires, poor components to be
provided earthing, lack of performed, proper ear
2. Open wires or rubber mats can thing to be provided,
cable cause fire or burn fire extinguisher to be
3. Lack of rubber injury, electric shock, provided near control
mats near control arc etc. panel, PPE’s to be
panel provided to workers.
4. Weather
protection of electric
components
5. Canopy of all
motors are not
satisfactory
10 Emergency stop not If emergency stops Daily checklist
working or not are not working crane inspection shall be
available collide with another performed by operator,
crane can be occur, operators should be
material can fall, trained, and brakes are
property damage, effective, preventive
fatal injury can be devices.
occurred.
11 Failure of limit Failure of any type of Operator should be
switch/lack of limit limit switch can trained Daily
switch cause to fall of inspection of crane
material, crane operation Preventive
component failure, maintenance EOT
property damage, cranes, brake should
fatal accident, injury. be in operative
condition, buffers
stopper to be installed
12 End fitting of wire Wire rope end fittings End fitting should be
rope are not proper or according to standard
loose which can and at proper distance
result to fall of hook should be periodically
block, property inspected.
damage

Design & engineering controls to ensure safety

• Passage ways and clearance for over-head travelling crane (Ref Bihar
Factories Rules, 1950, 56-B or similar applicable rules for other
states).
• Passage-way shall be provided along and adjacent to every rail-
track of every over-head travelling crane of such width that
there is a clear space of not less than 50 cm between crane
operating on the track and any column, fixture or fixed

17
 structure, so that no person working or walking over the
passage –way may be struck by any part of the crane.
• There should be railings at a height of at least 90 c. m. from the
floor of the passage –way on the both the side, with at least two
rail and with a toe board at a height of at least 10 cm. from the
floor.
• Safe access ladders with hand rail shall be provided at
convenient places and at suitable frequent intervals so that’s
the crane driver or any other person going up the crane or crane
track may not have to walk long distances on the passageway.
• Following display should be provided on the EOT cranes:
S. Type of board CONTENTS WHERE TO
No PLACE
1 Name Plate Safe Working Load, Manufacturer Both outer of the
Name & Year of Manufacturing bridge girders
2 Inspection Last date of inspection, Due date Outer side hand
Date’ Board of inspection & done by – (Due railing of one of
date: After 1 year) (As per Factory the girders
Act)
3 ‘Caution’ a) Unauthorized persons are not Crane gantry
Board allowed on the crane gantry approach stair
b) Use Safety Helmet, Safety shoe, case hand railing
Safety goggles, safety jackets,
Safety belt and other required
PPE’s while going to crane gantry
4 Do’s & Don’ts Do’s & Don’ts for Crane operator Inside the
Board operator cabin
5 Do’s & Don’ts Do’s & Don’ts for maintenance Near the panels
Board crew and on the girder
6 Important Following minimum telephone a. In crane
Telephone number should be displayed: Fire operator’s cabin
numbers Brigade Ambulance Security Shift b. Near control
Safety Control room of that area panel/E-room
Line managers of that area Head
of that area
7 Hazards on 1. Gas hazards if any a. Near the
the particular 2. Fire hazards entrance of the
crane 3. Slip, trip, fall on same level and crane
from height b. Both sides of
4. Clearance between fixed point Girder c. Any
other suitable
location
Note: S. No. 1&2 shall be painted in bold letters on the crane in such size
and clarity, that it is easily visible, readable from Floor Level

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• Sick bay/Maintenance Bay/Hospital Bay shall be provided if there is
more than one crane in the same track.
• Anti-collision system shall be provided to detect the other crane in the
same track which in-turn shall slow and stop the crane along with
Audio-Visual alarm in the operator’s cabin.
• Portable CO2 fire extinguisher of 4.5Kg is to be kept in the crane
operator’s cabin, both sides of electric panel area/E-room & both side
Girder of the crane. Crane having two Girder and no electrical room
may have only near both sides of control panels.
• It must be possible to clean the both sides of windows of the
operator’s cabin without any risk.
• Operator cabin shall be designed so that the driver has a clear view of
all work areas or so that he may adequately follow all operations with
the aid of suitable equipment (e.g., camera)
• One calling bell shall be provided at the entrance of the crane for
communicating with the crane operator before enter or exit to or from
the crane. Minimum One system shall be provided in the both side of
the crane gantry.
• Safe access ladders with hand rails shall be provided at convenient
place for the crane operator or any other person going to or coming
out from the crane. All the ladders should be provided as far as
possible in the centre of the end tie/end carriage to avoid risk of
falling to zero meters. If it is not possible to shift the ladder at the
centre, Side protection with hand post for ladder at end side should be
provided. The entire ladder should have wider steps to avoid slip from
the ladder. Other than this, ladder shall be provided in the following
location also:
▪ Crane walkway to the gantry
▪ Crane walkway to power collector inspection platform
▪ Trolley floor to crane walkway
▪ Besides these, ladders shall be provided wherever found
necessary
• Staircase should be provided in place of ladder as far as possible for
easy and safe access to different location e.g., access to the cabin from
the bridge girder platform shall be via a staircase. Minimum width of
staircase shall be 600 mm and inclination to the horizontal shall not
be more than 48 degrees. For special case it can be ± 10 deg.
• Foot operated Switch shall be provided in the crane operators cabin to
stop the Long Travel motion during emergency condition.
• Operator’s cabin shall be provided with clear head room of not less
than 2000mm and shall be fitted with a guard rail of at least 1.0M
height.

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 6. CONFINED SPACE IN SHIP
Confined space: As defined by NFPA 350, a space is considered to be a
confined space if it meets all of the following conditions:

• It is large enough and so configured that a person can enter and

perform work.
• It has limited or restricted means for entry or exit.
• It is not designed for continuous occupancy.

General Hazards in confined space: Fire, asphyxiation, toxic exposures

upon entry into confined spaces during ship building and repair.

To work in a confined space, you must be trained to do the following:

• Recognize confined space characteristics.
• Anticipate and be aware of the hazards and adverse health effects that
may be encountered during entry and work.
• Understand the physical signs and reactions related to exposures to
such hazards. • Know which type of personal protective equipment is
needed for entry, work, and emergency exit from the space.
• Know how to exit the space upon activation of an alarm, notification
to evacuate, or whenever you perceive that you are in danger.
Recognize, Evaluate, and Control Confined Space Hazards.
Working in confined spaces presents a greater likelihood of severe injury,
illness, or death than any other type of work that mariners or shipyard
workers and contractors may face.
Confined space hazards can include atmospheres that are oxygen
deficient, oxygen enriched, flammable, or toxic. A variety of physical
hazards in confined spaces can include slippery surfaces, noise, heat,
entrapment, or engulfment.
Personnel who enter and work in confined spaces must be able to do all
of the following:
• Recognize confined spaces and the hazards within them.
• Evaluate the atmosphere hazards by measuring oxygen, flammable
gas, and toxic substances.
• Control hazards with permits, ventilation, isolation (lockout/ tagout),
and then recheck for changing conditions.
Certificate of entry:
This is the gas free certificate for entry and cold work that is issued once
the Competent Analyst has passed the confined space, the HSE Advisor
will only issue a PTW (permit to work) if this certificate is valid. Hot work

20
is not permitted under this certificate as the Competent Analyst has only
gas tested for oxygen levels.
Certificate for hot work:
This is the gas free certificate for hot work that is issued once the
Competent Analyst has passed the confined space free of all flammable
and explosive gases and or vapours, the HSE Advisor will then confirm
this prior to any permit being issued for hot work.
Confined space procedure:

• For all confined space work the person in charge of the job must
raise a PTW at the relevant Permit Control Centre.
• A task-based risk assessment is required that will determine the
type of permit required: hot, cold, electrical or painting.
• The Safety Advisor will ensure a space assessment is carried out by
both the Supervisor (and his tradesmen) for the physical hazards,
and a Competent Person for atmospheric hazards and that these
are annotated to the permit.
• Supervisor will agree upon all safety controls listed on the permit,
communicate these and the findings of the space assessment to all
entrants and ensure that all controls are in place before anyone
enters the confined space.
• The name(s) of all persons involved in the task will go onto the
permit.
• All Confined Space work is located by a numbered pin on the
displayed general arrangement drawing of the vessel. The pins
correspond to the work listed on the Confined Space Log which
identifies the trade, location and the name of the top man.
• The Standby Man takes a two-way radio to remain in contact with
the Health & Safety and Security Departments and also a tank
entry register (right) that is completed at the space and kept
updated throughout the task. A designated channel is kept for
these communications, with the option to utilise another channel
for 2-way communications between entrants and Standby Man
where required.

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Roles & Responsibility of standby Man/Sentry:

• The Standby / Sentry MUST be trained and understand the roles

and responsibilities of his/her job and should carry a 2-way radio
at all times.
• The Standby / Sentry is responsible for checking all PPE’s, safety
equipment and rescue equipment is worn / in place before allowing
anyone to enter the confined space.
• The Standby remains outside the confined space and monitors the
personnel working in the space.
• The Standby monitors the surrounding area for hazards that may
become present during the task.
• The Standby should have a record of all personnel inside the space.
He should have a completed Tank Entry Card on his person.

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 7. STUDY OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS (PPE’s)

Introduction:

Workers involved in a wide range of occupations are exposed to a significant

risk of death or injury from being struck by various objects in the
workplace. Personal protective equipment, or PPE’s, is designed to protect
employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from
contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other
workplace hazards. Besides face shields, safety glasses, hard hats and
safety shoes, PPEs includes a variety of devices and garments such as
goggles, coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators. While use of
personal protective equipment is important, it is only a supplementary form
of protection, necessary where all hazards have not been controlled through
other means such as engineering controls. Engineering controls are
especially important in hearing and respiratory protection which has specific
standards calling for employers to take all feasible steps to control the
hazards. Using PPE’s is often essential, but it is generally the last line of
defence after engineering controls work practices, and administrative
controls. Engineering controls involve physically changing a machine or
work environment. Administrative controls involve changing how or when
employees do their jobs, such as scheduling work and rotating employees to
reduce exposures. Work practices involve training workers how to perform
tasks in ways that reduce their exposure to workplace hazards.

The PPEs should include:

• Face and eye protection

• Head protection
• Foot protection
• Hand protection
• Protective clothing
As a safety engineer, we must assess our workplace to determine if hazards
are present that require the use of PPE’s. If such hazards are present, you

23
must select PPE’s and require employees to use it, communicate your PPE’s
selection decisions to your employees, and select PPE’s that properly fits
your workers.
PPE’s is required wherever the following conditions are encountered that are
capable of causing injury or impairment by being absorbed, inhaled, or
physically contacted hazards of processes:
• Physical hazards
• chemical hazards,
• mechanical irritants
• radiological hazards
We must also train employees who are required to wear PPE’s on how do the
following:

• Use PPE’s properly,

• Be aware of when PPE’s is necessary,
• Know what kind of PPE’s is necessary,
• Understand the limitations of PPE’s in
• protecting employees from injury,
• Don’t, adjust, wear, and doff PPE’s and Maintain PPE’s properly

TYPES OF PPE’s:

HEAD PROTECTION:

Protective hats for head protection against impact blows must be able to
withstand penetration and absorb the shock of a blow. In some cases, hats
should also protect against electric shock. Recognized standards for hats
have been established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Safety helmet/Hard hat:

A hard hat is a type of helmet predominantly used in workplace

environments such as industrial or construction sites to protect the head
from injury due to falling objects, impact with other objects, debris, rain,
and electric shock. A suspension band inside the helmet spreads the
helmet’s weight and the force of any impact over the top of the head. A

24
suspension also provides space of approximately 30 mm (1.2 inch) between
the helmet’s shell and the wearer’s head, so that if an object strikes the
shell, the impact is less likely to be transmitted directly to the skull. Some
helmet shells have a mid-line reinforcement ridge to improve impact
resistance. IS 2925:1984 specifies the Indian standards for industrial safety
helmets. Helmets shall be in sizes 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590
and 600 mm. These sizes may be generated out of one or more shells or one
or more headbands. The shell shall be dome-shaped. There shall not be any
metallic component passing through the shell. It shall be provided with a
brim with or without a peak. The brim and peak (where provided) shall be
integral part of the shell and these shall have no sharp edges as in fig.

Fig: Cross section of a safety helmet

Other international standards for safety helmets, each hard hat is specified
by both Type and Class:

I. Types:

a. ANSI Type I / CSA Type 1 hard hats meet stringent vertical

impact and penetration requirements.

b. ANSI Type II / CSA Type 2 hard hats meet both vertical and
lateral impact and penetration requirements and have a foam
inner liner made of expanded polystyrene (EPS).

25
II. Classes:

a. Class E (Electrical) provides dielectric protection up to 20,000

volts.

b. Class G (General) provides dielectric protection up to 2,200

volts.

c. Class C (Conductive) provides no dielectric protection.

FOOT AND LEG PROTECTION

For protection against falling or rolling objects, sharp objects, molten metal,
hot surfaces and wet, slippery surfaces workers should use appropriate foot
guards, safety shoes or boots and leggings. Safety shoes should be sturdy
and have an impact- resistant toe. Shoes must meet regulatory measures
and various standards.

Safety shoes:

Safety Footwear Standards EN345 / EN ISO 20345:2007 / EN ISO

20345:2011. The EN ISO 20345:2007 standard sets out minimum
requirements that safety footwear must be successfully tested against. The
EN ISO 20345:2011 standard sets out new tougher minimum requirements
that safety footwear must be successfully tested against. The standard
specifies all safety footwear must have toe protection. In addition to different
protective features footwear can be represented by a combination of letters.
Cross section of safety boot is given in fig.

Fig: Cross section of safety boot

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Requirements of safety shoes includes,
• Toe protection (SB): Toes are a very vulnerable part of your body,
especially in a work place. Toe protection must withstand a 200-joule
impact. Something heavy falling from a low height could have a lot
less energy than something lighter from a much higher height. As well
as impacts the toe area must withstand a resting mass of well over
1000kg. Most people have heard of steel toe cap boots but the
protection doesn't have to be steel. In fact, there are advantages to
alternatives. Non-metallic protection can be equally as strong but
lighter.
• Antistatic protection (A): Clothing, seating materials, and climate
factors can cause a build up a static charge of electricity in the body
• Energy Absorption (E): Energy Absorption in the heel region.
• Water Resistant Upper (WRU): Water resistant upper, not used on all
rubber or polymeric footwear.
• Heat Resistant (HRO): Heat resistant Outsole: To resist 300°C for 60
seconds.
• Insulation against Cold (CI): Insulation against cold: tested for 30
minutes at 1 -20°C.
• Insulation against heat (HI): Insulation against heat: tested for 30
minutes at 150°C.
• Electro-Static Discharge (ESD): ESD footwear is designed for the
electronics and explosives industry and has to meet ESD CEI
EN61340-5-1 standard.
• Non-metallic footwear: Safety footwear containing no metal parts is
ideal for workplaces with metal detectors like airports eliminating the
hassle of removing them.

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EYE AND FACE PROTECTION

Injured workers surveyed indicated that eye and face protection was not
normally used or practiced in their work areas or it was not required for the
type of work performed at the time of the accident.
Protection should be based on kind and degree of hazard present and
should: 1) be reasonably comfortable, 2) fit properly, 3) be durable, 4) be
cleanable, 5) be sanitary, and 6) be in good condition.

Fig: Person equipped with eye protection

Eye injuries can happen through a variety of means. Most eye injuries occur
when solid particles such as metal slivers, wood chips, saw dust, sand or
cement chips get into the eye. Smaller particles in smokes and larger
particles, such as broken glass also account for particulate matter causing
eye injuries. Blunt force trauma can occur to the eye when excessive force
comes into contact with the eye. Chemical burns, biological agents, and
thermal agents, from sources such as welding torches and UV light also
contribute to occupational eye injury. Eye protection includes,

I. Safety glasses
II. Eye shields
III. Safety Goggles (chemical)
IV. Face shields

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 Fig: Various parts of Goggles

HEARING PROTECTION

Exposure to high noise levels can cause irreversible hearing loss or

impairment. It can also create physical and psychological stress. Preformed
or molded ear plugs should be individually fitted by a professional. Waxed
cotton, foam or fiberglass wool earplugs are self-forming. Disposable
earplugs should be used once and thrown away; non-disposable ones
should be cleaned after each use for proper maintenance.

In the classification of hearing protectors, there are basically four types of

hearing protectors.
• Molded earplugs
• Custom-molded earplugs
• Self-molded earplugs, and
• Ear muffs
Wearing earplugs or earmuffs can help prevent
damage to hearing. Exposure to high noise levels
can cause irreversible hearing loss or impairments
well as physical and psychological stress. Earplugs
made from foam, waxed cotton, or fiberglass wool is self-forming and usually
fit well. A professional should fit employees individually for molded or

29
preformed earplugs. Clean earplugs regularly, and replace those you cannot
clean. Hearing protectors are required to be tested according to the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) acoustical testing
standard, ISO 4869 Part 1 and the Single Number Rating (SNR) or
High/Middle/Low (HML) ratings are calculated according to ISO 4869
Part2. An SNR is a single number rating system determined according to
International Standard ISO 4869. The tests are carried out by commercial
laboratories that are independent of the manufacturers. Like NRRs, SNRs
are expressed in dB and are used as a guide for comparing the potential
noise reduction capability of different hearing protection devices

Fig: Disposable foam ear plugs and Ear muff.

Molded earplugs are usually made of plastic or silicone rubber. They are
available in a variety of shapes and sizes and are usually characterized by
one or more ribs or contours. They are considered multiple use; therefore,
they must be cleaned and properly stored after each use.
Custom molded plugs are generally made of plastic and are designed from
a molded wax insert of the wearer’s ears. They are considered multiple use
but cannot be switched ear to ear.
Self-molded earplugs are generally made of mineral down or plastic foam
and are molded or formed by the wearer. Generally, one size fits all and they
may be either single or multiple use.
Earmuffs are designed to be multiple use and may be designed to be worn
with the harness over or behind the head, or below the chin. They are

30
generally more comfortable, but usually provide less noise reduction, thus
less protection, than ear plugs.

The amount of on-the-job noise exposure can be determined through

various testing devices; excessive noise is generally defined as exposure to
85 or more decibels of sound over an 8-hour period. According to OSHA,
hearing protection is required for all employees at this degree of exposure as
in table. This OSHA Action Level, however, will vary depending upon the
decibel level of the surrounding environment. For example, if a worker is
exposed to 100dB in a 2-hour period, he or she is also required to wear
hearing protection.

Table: TLV-TWA for continuous noise, OSHA’s permeable noise exposure.

Duration per day, Sound level, dbA

Hours
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1.5 102
1 105
.5 110
<.25 115

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ARM AND HAND PROTECTION

Burns, cuts, electrical shock, amputation and absorption of chemicals are

examples of hazards associated with arm and hand injuries. A wide
assortment of gloves, hand pads, sleeves and wristlets for protection from
these hazards is available. The devices should be selected to fit the specific
task. Rubber is considered the best material for insulating gloves and
sleeves and must conform to standards.
It depends on,

• -Type of chemicals handled.

• -Nature of contact
• -Grip requirement
• Types of these are gloves and guards.

TORSO PROTECTION
Many hazards can threaten the torso: heat, splashes from hot metals and
liquids, impacts, cuts, acids, and radiation. A variety of protective clothing is
available: vests, jackets, aprons, coveralls, and full body suits. Fire
retardant wool and specially treated cotton clothing items are comfortable,
and they adapt well to a variety of workplace temperatures. Other types of
protection include leather, rubberized fabrics, and disposable suits.

Body protection
It includes

• Temperature protective
• Hot splashes from molten metal
• Hazard from tools

Fig: Person using torso guards for welding

Types are:
Fig 4.7: Person using torso guards for welding
• Laboratory coats
• Jackets
• Leather Apron

32
 • Surgical gown
• Full body suit

RESPIRATOR PROTECTION
Information on the requirements for respirators to control of occupational
diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs,
fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, and vapors is available from various
researches. Proper selection of respirators should be made according to the
guidance of ANSI Practices for Respiratory Protection.
Respirators serve to protect the user from breathing in contaminants in the
air, thus preserving the health of one’s respiratory tract. There are two main
types of respirators. One type of respirator functions by filtering out
chemicals and gases or airborne particles from the air breathed by the
user. Gas masks and particulate respirators are examples of this type of
respirator. A second type of respirator protects users by providing clean,
respirable air from another source. This type includes airline respirators
and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). OSHA’s Respiratory
Protection Standard 29 CFR 194.134 gives the standards for major
requirements of respiratory protection standards. Fit tests are required to be
conducted to ensure the compatibility with users.

33
 8. WELDING HAZARDS AND CONTROL
MEASURES

Types of welding: As per OSHA https://www.osha.gov/aboutosha

classification, welding is divided into 02 groups:

1. Fusion (only heat application)

a. Electric arc welding: Welding process where electricity is
applied to generate heat to melt base metal and filler.
i. Flux core arc welding (FCAW)
ii. Shielded Metal arc welding (SMAW)
iii. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or Metal inert gas
welding (MIG)
iv. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or Tungsten inert
gas welding (TIG)
b. Gas welding: Use of flames of burning gas normally
acetylene is used to melt the base metal at the point of joint.
c. Thermit: Use of chemical reaction to produce intense heat
instead of gas fuel or electric current.
2. Pressure (Heat and Pressure application)

Hazards and risks during welding;

• Electric shocks: During Arc welding, live electric current is always
present in electrical circuits of the welding machines to create heat
and melt metal. This creates a hazard of electric shock during
welding which is the most serious hazard possessed by the welding
operation. You are also always at risk of secondary electric shock if
some part of the welding holder or electrode circuit touches you
during welding.

In most cases, you risk yourself with these hazardous conditions

when:

▪ You work in wet or moist condition.

▪ If working with wet cloths.
▪ working on metal floor or structure.
▪ When in posed in some restricted position like lie, kneel or
crouched.
▪ If you welding machine & body earthing is not connected.
• Noise hazards: When welding activities are in progress, you are
exposed to loud sounds and prolonged noises.

Noise is called Loud when it exceeds 85 dB. Welding activities like

flame-cutting, arc welding can produce a level of noise over 100 dB.

34
 This can be dangerous to the ears can result in permanent hearing
loss.

• Exposure of Ultraviolet (UV) and Infrared (IR) radiation: During

welding, this emitted intense UV light, without appropriate PPE’s
and welding glasses it can be harmful and painful. Sometimes this
also generates a long-lasting painful condition called Arc-eye.
▪ There are some other factors that affect the severity of injury
such as:
▪ Distance
▪ Duration
▪ Angle of penetration

Long-term exposure to arc flash can also lead to cataracts and

loss of vision. Some other reasons for eye damages are:

▪ Inclusion of foreign particle in the eyes like arc spatter,

debris, grits and dust.
▪ long-time direct contact with fumes and gases in eyes.
• Exposure in fumes and gases: During welding activity, there are
always invisible or visible gaseous fumes present including, Ozone,
Nitrous oxide, Chromium or Nickel Oxide, and carbon monoxide.
These gases are easy to get dissolved in the human lungs. Depends
on the type of gas, its concentration, and duration of exposure this
can result in severe damage.

Long-time exposure with gases, welder and employees in the

vicinity can be affected from following diseases:

• Pneumonia
• Occupational asthma
• Cancer
• Metal fume fever

• Burns: The heat produced by welding activity can result in severe

burns. Welding is a high-temperature operation that can affect
skin or eyes. these burns can be very serious and also happen very
quickly.

Welding burn normally occurs while welder shows some

carelessness and thinks of escaping precautions for some quick
welding. This is bad welding practice and should never allow even
for some time.

• Fire and explosion: Fire and explosions happen because hot work
has taken many lives. Hot metal parts, sparks, and drops of molten
metal can easily start a fire.

Before starting welding works you should always look out for:

35
 • Any kind of flammable material nearby.
• Proper use of fire-retardant cloth to cover welding work
zone.
• Availability of fire-extinguisher nearby welding job.
• Removal of any kind drum that may contain (even in
small amount) oil, paint, spirits etc.

Hazards of Welding in Confined Space

A confined space is a place with a limited access point with no airflow and
ventilation. Adequate ventilation and airflow regulation is the most
important thing during work in confined space. In confined space, the
dangerous concentration of toxic fumes and gases is easy to accumulate
because of the small space that can make a person unconscious or even
death because of suffocation.

Continuous welding process in confined space displaces oxygen available in

the air and generates toxic fumes and gases like CO. These gases are much
dangerous to health and even high concentration of some fumes can lead to
explosion too.

All welders who enter in confined space either on regular basis or for some
emergency situation must follow the following precaution for their safety:

• All welder must be equipped with safety harness, Lifeline,

appropriate protective clothing, and self-contained breathing
apparatus.
• Gas cylinder and welding power connection source should be
located in secure location outside of confined space.
• Confined space should be test for availability of toxic, flammable or
explosive gas via gas detector before entering.
• A well-trained welding helper must stay always outside the
confined space with fire extinguisher and PPE’s.
• adequate air ventilation should be use.
• Use continuous ventilation when welding is in progress.
• Anything unnecessary other than welding equipment and
necessary protective gear should be removed from confined space.

Welding safety precautions

• Always use proper ventilation and local exhaust of fumes and gases
from welding zone.
• Report any concerns and welding related hazards immediately to
supervisors.
• Fire and electric resistance cloths, face shield, hand gloves, aprons
and boots must to use.
• Always keep a suitable class of fire extinguisher while doing welding.
• No flammable material should be there nearby welding zone.

36
• Always use fire retardant cloth of resist hot metal droplets and spark.
• Always use inspect welding tools and machineries. Before use check
for any faulty wire and welding holders on daily basis.
• Proper use of IR and UV filter glasses to save your eye.
• Don’t leave workplace instantly after welding job completion. Stay
some time there until welding metal get cold.

37
 9. SUGGESTIONS
• Gas detecting and sensing alarms should be used in confined spaces.
• Purging should be carried out by inert gas in diesel tanks before going to work
• Side railings should be used in manholes
• Housekeeping must be maintained daily
• When block or panel is been erected, side railing should be used
• Ladders openings should be guarded with railing
• More than 1 joint in gas hoses per 20meter gas hoses should not be used
• in confined space, both blowers and exhausters should be used
• earthing resistance should be checked monthly and maintained it below
1 ohm.
• Dos and don’ts should be placed in crane operator cabin
• EOT cranes must have alarms and buzzers
• All ropes and slings should be removed from crane when not in use
• Life jackets should be provided to the workers while working on sea side
of the ship.
• Lifting plan should be used while operating with cranes

38
 10. CONCLUSION
This industrial training about safety at Hindustan Shipyard Limited has
helped us gain a vast amount of practical knowledge and the real
difficulties associated in the ship building. In this industry I have learnt
safety precautions in the confined space in ship building. I have learnt
safety tips through safety motivating programs conducted in HSL. It has
taught me how to interact with workers and how to motivate the workers.

I as the student of industrial safety engineering believe that this training

experience will help us in building a successful career. I am very thankful
to the training department and all the engineers in the shipyard who
guided us for the past four weeks.

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Safety Manual of Hindustan Shipyard Limited
2) HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION OF EOT CRANES AND THEIR CONTROL MEASURES By
Rahul Patil and Vivek Shukla, Research Scholar and Assistant Professor, Fire & Safety
Engg. Dept., SKSITS Indore, M.P, India.
3) Factories Act, 1948.
4) Confined Space Advisor: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146
5) https://www.allaboutpiping.com/welding-hazards-and-control-measures/

_______________________________ END _________________________________

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