FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT CONTRACT NO. | EA#4-CA-201901 REPORT ISSUE: | CRACKS IN CONCRETE FLOORS AT PT EMBLEM ASIA TITLE : | TECHNICAL REPORT FOR NON STRUCTURAL CRACK REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB AND RECOMMENDED REPAIR METHOD SUBMITTED BY : PT TAIYO SINAR RAYA TEKNIK CT CO-ORDINATOR: PT INDOSWISSATAMA The initial response to cracking is that there must have been something wrong with the ‘concrete when it was delivered. Not so, the majority of surface cracks in concrete slabs are usually as a result of after care. Now the question is: Can It Be Considered As " Major Defect" ? In accordance with the information from American Concrete Institute's report ACI 302. 1R- 04, “Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction,” which in its Foreword states, *...Even with the best slab designs and construction it is unrealistic to expect crack-free and curt-free floors. Every owner should be advised by the designer and contractor that it is normal to expect some cracking and curling on every project. This does not necessarily reflect adversely on the adequacy of floor's design or qualify of construction”. Crack-free concrete is an impossible due to Concrete has an inherent tendency to crack In normal-strength concrete, plastic and drying shrinkages are quite common. So it should be understood that such small cracks are a normal phenomenon and considered as minor defect. From the cracking tree shown in Figure that numerous factors are respon phenomenon le for the [Corrosion of Reinforcem | —Atkati-agaregate Reactions }— carbonation Hardenin Thermal External Temp. Variations {arty Thermal Ertects [types of Accidental Overload \cracks Structural Creep 1 pesign Loads arly Frost Damage —Pastic Shrinkage — Plastic Settlement [—Formwork Movement Construction = Movement “L—Sabgrade Movement |__puastic —This guide contains recommendations for controlling random cracking and edge curling caused by the concrete’s normal volume change. Applica~ ton of present technology poral only a reduction in cracking and and exci, ge igner ake contractor ee it aa curling on every project, not necessarily reflect adversely on elther , or the quality iction (Yiter- difion of ACI 360R for a detailed discussion of shrinkage and curling in slabs-on-ground. Refer to the latest edition of ACI 224R for a detailed discussion of cracking in reinforced and nonreinforced concrete slabs.PHOTOS DOCUMENTATION 1 ‘width average: <1,0 mm ‘width average: <1,0 mm width average: <7,0mm | ‘width average: < 1,0 mm REPAIR OF NON-STRUCTURAL CRACKS: Dormant cracks are normally simply sealed by the injection of an epoxy resin or cementitious sealer into the cracks SUMMARY In summary, shrinkage related cracks will form when the tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete, REFERENCES 4. American Conorete Institute's report ACI 302.1R-04, “Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction 2. ACI 224.1R-2001, Control of Cracking of Concrete Structures, Reported by ACI Committee 224, American Concrete Institute, USA. 3. Non-Structural Cracks in Concrete - Concrete Society Technical Report 22, 1992. PERIOD FROM ‘August 2020 | To | November 2020 \TE OF ISSUE OF THIS REPORT : | November 12° 2021aci} _ ST American Concrete Institute Always advancing The attached excerpted resource materials have been made available for use within ACI University. To obtain a full version of this document, please visit the ACI Store. For additional education products, please visit ACI University. UNIVERSITYACI 302.1R-04 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction Reported by ACI Committee 302 Eldan Tping Dennis Ata Gul Seeeary Rober B, Anderson Risk Felder Jeb P Mansy (Cares. Aut Edvard Finke Joseph P Nester, Charles M. Ayers Jeree H. Ferd Rus E. Newdeck Kemet. Beaudo Bary. Ferean Seat. Niemislo Cat Bim Tony Frits Mak. Fason Mitel G, Cale Rober I. Gaye wai Pets Douglas W. Devo Patrick Haron Desai W. Philips ‘regery Dobson Eugene D. Hi Joba W. Rarer ‘AlptonseE Engin Jey A Holland Philp A. Sis Rober A. Epfano Artur W. Mekiney Brace A. Speed Samuel A. Fae Steven N. eager Gregory Tayler FOREWORD The quai af concrete for ons sigh dependent on achieving a hand ond durable sac thai flee fe of eracs ad tthe per grade and eatin. Properties of he surface ae deterined the ‘mite proportions and he quality ofthe concreting and oni opera on. The ining of conresing operations especial ising, ening. ‘and curing—is hal Pare 10 adres ti aie can conte Iinderirable characteris i he wearing surface sch a8 cracking. low resistence 10 wear dang Sealing. igh low pt, poor deine ah ‘nereating he potential for ering ‘Conte fort npg poked come mre: of snp ct 08 for 9 dna dion of ses xpos nr eons yee om place shage nxn a-ring Ch Thiphmnnc illeonme arena aye bea rb beng 224Rfora deed Suan ofeach rford ond oad Minin te tomato Marte os he yg oe cong conc ‘rae mp nd foto ech elena reels "To ele dri we w proce lghutty con saa Sayegh he pa cng eau sap be ied aad pended fr at le ef ce. eps cataont ink Sia of cotevson nck wae ppt comin mtr ee Gua sguabagene] imine nin i net rin omits Reps, Guides Sandra Prats, tnt mn eco srin perdi tng ods Sonneries te ened fr gustce plane | Sag Hansson no ol mec ole designing. executing. and. inspecting. construction. This fel penton neg al fee went liek aah: fae Bao dete cho te ae peecemnen ae ongeta Gra Se ciune an iain a earn nd cy ah per a nme eae iia an mich of | wi he emle drag cnr ac he fo eae ‘Sponlly Se yokes oie tra eonts | ted heptane erin pec | BEMeas race did "ay and al | sem prmn: poco sn ity forthe stated principles. The Insitute shall not be liable for any loss or camage arising therefFor. Reference 1o this document shall not be made in corract Aoeuments If ems found inthis document are desired bythe ‘ArhitectEngineero be apart ofthe contact documents, they sagezte; concrete; conlideton: cones docs deieon era: form; facture it mare ‘monar, paste, placing: quality conta 1abon around ‘shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by a milena contents IN SESE Chapter 1—Introduction,p. 302.4R-2 te raponily of te we of ie dommems wm» | CHP r caniroductio cxtblatteaedsttay prsctesopeprasioteriide Sheamuunce lied Clb at 1Cl dos wot ake ny 1 Tema fescns wih ropa oe ands bss a Ae |—Relaed work of ther commitees tect tee coames, The ax va rae he inl of al plan tities toe ree vec 1 Retreat aod tnt Soup) Seat a and must comply with all apples regulations, including but nat limited fo, United Suter (Occupational Safety and. Healt Adminsiation (OSHA) lth andeafety standard,aaaRa Chapter 2—Classes of floors, p. 302.1R-5 2.1-Classifieation of floors 2.2—-Single-course monolithic floors: Classes 1,2, and 6 2.3-—Two-course floors: Classes 3,7, and 8 2.4—Class 9 floors 2.5—Special finish floors Chapter 3—Design considerations, p. 302.1R-6 3.1--Seope 3.2-Slabs-on-ground 3.3Suspended slabs 3.4—Miscellaneous details, Chapter 4—Site preparation and placing environment, p. 3021R-17 '4.1-—Soil-suppor system preparation 4.2-Suspended slabs 43Bulkheads 4.4—Setting sereed guides 45—Insallation of auxiliary materials 4 —Conerete placement conditions Chapter 5—Materials, p. 302.1R-20 5.1—Introduction S2—Conerete 53—Portland cement S4—Agaregates S5—Water 5.6—Curing materials 5.7—Adasixeures S8—Liquid surface treatments 59—Reinforcement 5.10—Evaporation reducers 5.11—Gloss-imparting waxes 5.12—Joint materials 5.13—Volatile organic compounds (VOC) Chapter 6—Conerete properties and consistency, p.302.1R27 ‘6.1 —Conerete properties 6.2—Recommended concrete mixture 63—Conerete mixture analysis Chapter 7—Batching, mixing, and transporting, p.302.1R-34 7.1—Batching 72—Mixing 73—Transporting Chapter 8—Placing, consolidating, and finishing, p.302.1R35 .1—Placing operations 8.2—Tools for spreading, consolidating, and finishing 83 Spreading. consolidating, and finishing operations 8.4—Finishing Class 1, 2, and 3 floors 8.5—Finishing Class 4 and $ floors 86—Finishing Class 6 floors and monolithic-surface treatments for wear resistance 8.7—Finishing Class 7 floors [ACI COMMITTEE REPORT 8.8 Finishing Class 8 floors (wo-course unbonded) 8.9—Finishing Class 9 floors 8.10—Toppings for precast floors 8.11-—Finishing lightweight conerete 8.12—Nonslip floors 8.13 Decorative and nonslip treatments 8.14—Grinding as repair procedure 8.15—Floor flamess and levelness 8.16—Treatment when bleeding is problem 8.17—Delays in cold-weather finishing Chapter 8—Curing, protection, and joint filling, p.302.1R-59) ‘9.1 Purpose of curing 9.2—Methods of euring 9.3—Curing at joints 9.4—Curing special concrete 9.5—Length of curing 9.6—Preventing plastc-shrinkage cracking 9.7—Curing after grinding 9.8Protection of slab during construction 9.9—Temperature drawdown in cod storage and freezer rooms 9.10—Joint filing and sealing Chapter 10—Quality control checklist, p. 302.1R-61 10.1—Intreduetion 10.2—Partial lst of important items to be observed Chapter 11—Causes of floor and slab surface Imperfections, p. 302.1R-62 T1.1-Introduction 1.2—Cracking 113-Low wear resistance 14—Dusting. H.S—Sealing 11.6—Popouts 11.7—Blisters and delamination 11.8—Spalling 11 9—Discolaration 11.10—Low spots and poor drainage M11 —Curting 11.12—Analysis of surface imperfections Chapter 12—References, p. 302.1R-71 12.1—Referenced standards and reports 122 Cited references 123—Other references CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION 4.4—Purpose and scope This guide pretens state-of the-art information relative to the construction of slab-on-ground and suspended-slab floors for industrial, commercial, and institutional buildings. Itis applicable to the construction of normalweight and struc- ‘ural lightweight concrete Noors and slabs made with conven- tional portland and blended cements. Slabs specifically intended for the containment of liquids are beyond the scope of this dacument,