Foundations of data science, 2nd midterm test, December 9, 2021

Problem 1
Let us consider the real vector space V := C([0, 2]) (that is, the set of continuous real-valued func-
tions on the interval [0, 2] with the usual operations) equipped with the inner product
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〈f, g〉 := ∫ 0 (x + 1)· f(x)·g(x) ⅆx (for any f, g ∈ V).
[5%] Determine the subspace spanned by the vectors v1 := -1, v2 := x, v3 := x 2 .
[15%] Then determine some orthonormal vectors {e1 , e2 , e3 } that span the same subspace.

Problem 2
[20%] Show that the function x, y := || x - y ||1 (for any x, y ∈ ℝ2 ) satisfies all the metric
axioms, where || · ||1 denotes the taxicab norm.

Problem 3
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[10%] Find an orthonormal eigenbasis corresponding to the matrix A := .
8 3
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[10%] By using this basis, solve A x = b with b :=  .
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Problem 4
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[10%] Find all solutions x ∈ ℝ2 of the system A x = b, where A :=   and b :=  . Then find
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the solution whose Euclidean norm is the smallest.
[25%] Find the SVD of the matrix A.
[5%] By using this, find the pseudoinverse of A. Then verify that the vector with the smallest
Euclidean norm obtained in the first part of this problem is identical to A+ b.