Foundations of data science, 1st midterm RETAKE, December 16, 2021

Problem 1 [for 25%]

Let R : ℝ3 → ℝ3 denote the reflection about the yz-plane.
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a) By using the basis b1 = 2 , b2 = 1 , b3 = 0 in ℝ3 , find the matrix representation of the
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operator R.
b) Does R have an inverse? If yes, find its matrix representation in the basis {b1 , b2 , b3 }.
c) Find the real eigenvalues of R.
d) Determine the kernel, range, nullity and rank of R.

Problem 2 [for 25%]

Let V := ℝ+ denote the set of strictly positive real numbers.
We define a new “addition” operation in V as u⊕v := u v, where u v is the usual multiplication
(u, v ∈ V).
We define a new “multiplication with a scalar” operation in V as λ⊙u := uλ , where uλ is the usual
exponentiation (λ ∈ ℝ, u ∈ V).
a) Show that the set V with the operations ⊕ and ⊙ is a real vector space.
b) Find 0V , that is, the zero vector in the vector space V.

Let W := ℝ denote the vector space of real numbers equipped with the usual addition “+“ and the
usual multiplication with a scalar “·”.
Consider the map L : V → W between these two vector spaces defined for u ∈ V by L(u) := ln(u) being
the natural logarithm.
c) Show that the map L is linear. Show that L(0V ) = 0W . Find ker(L).
d) Determine the real eigenvalues of L.

Problem 3 [25%]
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Find a matrix X ∈ ℝ2 x 2 for which sin(X) =  . Hint: interpolate the arcsin function.
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Problem 4 [for 25%]

Let V := {a x 2 + b x + c : a, b, c ∈ ℝ} denote the vector space of real univariate polynomials of degree
at most two, and let D : V → V denote the derivative, D(p) := p' for any p ∈ V.
a) By using the basis B := {1, 2 x - 3, 3 x 2 - 4} for V, find the matrix representation of D.
b) Find the rank and null space of this matrix. Does it have an inverse?
c) Find the complex (including real) eigenvalues and eigenvectors of this matrix.