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Recommendations for

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
OF CALF PAIN
Based on Physio Edge podcast 65 with Tom Goom @tomgoom

1 Muscular
a. b. c.
Calf pain may be This patient may On assessment pain
caused by report an audible is reproduced with
traumatic tears pop or feeling like resisted muscle
of the calf they have been testing, muscle
complex kicked in the back of lengthening and
the leg when palpation
pushing off.

2 Neural
a. Neural symptoms may be
caused by lumbar b. Reduced mobility or
irritation of the neural
radiculopathy, sciatic nerve structures may lead to leg
irritation or peripheral or calf pain
neuropathy
Lumbar spine movements,

c. d.
May include night pain, straight leg raise, slump can be
diffuse burning pain or used to identify the presence of
paraesthesia. neural involvement with pain
reproduction on testing

3 Vascular
b. Patients with a Deep
a. Popliteal artery
entrapment syndrome: vein thrombosis (DVT)
Presents as red, hot, firm, swollen calf,
Similar presentation to
venous distention or pitting oedema
biomechanical overload syndrome
Patients with a suspected DVT should
Aggravated with cycling, swimming be sent to A&E as it can develop into a
or walking uphill as well as running life threatening condition
Assess distal pulses before and after The Wells score can be used to deter-
exercise as a reduction in pulses mine the likelihood of DVT and inform
post exercise may indicate popliteal clinical reasoning
artery entrapment syndrome Score of 2 or more – DVT likely
Score of 1 or below – DVT unlikely
The ankle-brachial pressure
index can also be used to Investigations and onward referral
identify vascular pathology should be considered for patients
who are not improving as expected
BROUGHT TO YOU BY: References
Modi, S., Deisler, R., Gozel, K., Reicks, P., Irwin, E., Brunsvold, M., Banton, K. and Beilman, G.J., 2016. Wells et al criteria for DVT is a
reliable clinical tool to assess the risk of deep venous thrombosis in trauma patients. World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 11(1), p.24.

clinicaledge.co @davidkpope Wells et al, P.S., Ginsberg, J.S., Anderson, D.R., Kearon, C., Gent, M., Turpie, A.G., Bormanis, J., Weitz, J., Chamberlain, M., Bowie, D. and
Barnes, D., 1998. Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Annals of internal
medicine, 129(12), pp.997-1005.

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