Imypatyesi, which We etna rx or supedorasicbionap ea meron. ar at (9)tnost evry day oe evi ota Everyting thy 80 or or (in thor memories forever slang with bed moments Every bad word and ug vey are, ‘rary mised opportu and every momento pan goes 6. They are consoyhaunid wth tagments of marnexes Sounds, ago and sont ae (6) by external tin, but en thy roti by homeotes.| Some people consider hyperhymesia agi, but natal 298 ha Way Sometines_— (ssa Bessing tne by ean remind 2.4)raan etewe jracan 8. a}roning yremonbor ——_epraneaso 4.) remembered )ranes 0 recalled 5.s)umerembered bj ueraled ——_)unorgotn 8-4) ogee }tomembeed crewed 7. shignorance 2) fogeting reposting 80 = MEMORY LOSS Exercise 1 63 Road the text andl do the exercise tat follows. ‘Wo naval exprinceditona tine or anor a word hat has escaped ou memory, misplaced ay ora mcsed ppl nino case it's ustan ‘ota memory apes orforgtilness hat happens to peopl ogad los of now ald hay ae, Normal aging may cause some ota 0, Itean be ustatog, bul itis nts reson or cone, ‘Ammexe pronounced torn of memory problemi cognitive impinment (ct), a suse memory diceder whit accre most nga: pop CI does’ haveto be dein, butmay boa sign men decane che ‘onset of dementia. Th word deren is an uno trm thet eter 108 numberof cognitive dlsorder, whose major smote ince memory fost orn ober words ~armesla Ali al, hae are about 100 ier ‘ype of dement, wth Alhoimer' leease boing themost common, Other |ypas include vascular demen, Lowy body dement, Creuzeladskob lsase, and Huntinglon'® disease, Thee me ago secondly dementias that dvetop in tor lage foe disorders sich ac Parkinson's daease ‘or mutpo selerosl. Final, thee are carder sich ae Koraakot ey rome tha are not associted wh dementia, bu which pants ier profound eres, Bascay, thre sro wo ype oss: etrograde amos and antra- ‘rae ares, nrtograde arnesa the ban eas remotes Kom be- ‘oz the event wich caused te eonllon, Tere ae several easors why aninaidual night dove erograde resi. The moa cornon shad 81Inartrogac amr tho bain unable fan omovies ta the ‘een. Tistypo of amnesia usin res rom damage ote ppcanpus (taal temporal abe ofthe brain. tay sabe inde by benzode pine drugs lot deat, oxygen depvation endl commany by peycholgial orders. ‘Aoothe: typ of amnesia is elahod amnesia aso call nfantie ame sia. oan ought fas nama xgetngo aly chidhood experances ‘hal aocuod belore tho age of 2-4 yors, Childhood amnesia sabe 'othe imma of neurological ayn, although ola explanations have also been propose, Decide If the following sentences are true (1) oF false (). ‘nes reece aetiteso ayo. 2 Sometines oetiness may herald somting svi, 2, Dementia ia speciteban cease characterby mena impairment 4 ol erate and anterograde amos may be caused by a blow 0 th nen 5, ntelrograde amnesia te inchs npeiredin Hier abit to xeato 5 Parkinson's patients reoal cognitive cficutes om the onset ofthe soos, 7 Mest people ack names of he st years of thor ves. 8 Exerci Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box in the right fon, ost, escape, eso ior os fava fr, oi dena al | Most poople have expeionced at one tine or ance mone ‘temporary amesla when thoy cou ther woo In amerograde amnesia, the memory ofthe pas remains sent ‘unchanged, bu eeu who airs rom canna Retogrado amnesia means thal he brain ___eents fom your pasta a ecu of ahead aus. or ban iy 4. Atbough memory wth age ican be spent bye oyin various memoiyonhanding sro. 5. The ageing proces does natecesanly_ mama bonevor 'typealy praauces dei nena faction. 6 your tan of thought - though nal probably not ‘waming sign of dementia, can be very esrtng sn hering The paint | most of is memotes, buh sl hs no ‘ecollcsion ofthe ear cede ‘tine momenes became maxed tity orca past event snot ently acca, _ because our Momory ‘usmoaybocaysa tls impennanont snares rear 10. hen aword___you, don" pai, Mast one times mere ‘exgetunas, not reso for concam, 83‘Complete the sentences withthe correct terms. 4 i6one the most recogrisibe emplome of deer, longside inant in communeston ae toc, 2 such as occasonaly forgoing words are no cause for ance They area noma pata te ageing process. 1 an happento anyone at any age group. can est fom ‘iemost banal reasons such sloop depuvaton, sess and ivomation ‘verad or more cevous ones, ndlading stoke and head vu 4 may be a precursor ofa mincobbing corde such as ‘ave, general dooa'tnotreitt acts of day ‘ Ie any condition imahing neucogial decine aed an ‘npalimentof bran kneonng. Exercise 4 Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box in the right form, [sates Progress. es appea inhib alot, tates | ‘.-Aouigh caraln medicines can Paton wits memory orders, thay cannot the 2, sane peop, lt cogntempaiment Atenas ‘Sona, wht notes remains sabe 8, Sam peopo lve oan ols oge wut tem any marry ‘aed probes, 4. Sconca has so ara toc AD im patents win _tancad symptoms Ey ages oan 5 ya 6 thas boon suggest that he dg cul me progesion 7, bierertsypes of demon ‘th bani rent ays th |e rato of ronressions and sympoms varying or asc pion Exercise5 63 oad the tox and choose the correct option (,b or ¢) for ach gap. Life without Momory Memory ithe sence of Ho, With memory, we Genet ave meh ofan understanding of our nature a the word sre us. Tough ou eer ‘noes shapes our personaly and alos who we ae. Ahough i's poo ie oes without meres inpossbe to union wen sot. The ‘major breakthrough nou understanding of bow memexy works and where ite (1) came with Henry Molaison fost known by nial HM) HIN aba dd develope tleing abe accset, saver eons, Iman atmo rove fun a elope seizures, a Hara neurcegeon ‘conduc an experimental oparaton Lo reve alge porkon of M's antar temporal lobe, which inluded the hippocampus. The suger Was ‘qt auccesstl a that t educod he patent's pile sir, yt fam wih a dense memory los. Ath me HLM. was oly 27 years ol ne Fis fe was never again the sam, His contion was cagased a hy anerograge mnesa. He was no longer able to new Intonation or more than afew minutes aw coun o ‘expt emors. Moreover ba ulead tom a moderate rroqrede anneal andhadincorplae (of events tom ths leven yee pation bore the sugary. Hem Molson i oncored th bos own andthe most eanned rine patertn te Netry o neroecones, bk he was nae tory ptr‘ex! Give Wang sone of hem. Cvs Weng ht of scars ‘= asuocecfl conductor ane mucin (5) enepttis tom orbs spe vue which caused Noles nl ra. As a eau Wearing (@) severe case of arograde an rtroyade ame Hi ‘memory last 90 suconds at ost, which ans tht ayn ha one ring, —) Inmeciciay What ¢ moe, be remot lite of ‘tte be had peo hares. Cases the tes show us how tinder merry sto he quay of hur le. When te memory is gon, wo ose our etre sence of el and, unable 4a) tor Djreiaved 6) recated 2 sleommi nj otiow can Bsjencod ptm =) aot 4. recat 1) storage) coerson .s)eimianed tj contacted uncrwent 8) dorloped —_p) caught) contacted 7. adm byeases 6) vanishas Exercises 69 Match the types of dlsordors 15 wth thle doscripons 2°. 1 eit Jakob asne 2 Pakincon cee 3. Hunngion’s sae 4, Mchoima' sose 5 Koveakats gmvome 56 Thoppatntci hr erty 4s a she has ben sua kw is cr gone candion sometime now. Te dr makes her appa cn bec ‘he slagers as sho walks ane makes Inotuntry morn, Her speech tealoallected, So rsx words an people have voxel hor The deter aking tol on er mind too. Se lasing he ayo thr and eacon, ad her memexy oting worse soe by the day, » Tho sutleror wo a In her late 60s as the sey symptoms bis Adagonratvecsordex Sho requ frgas the names of hci nd {andhcten or whore she hae puter hag On many occasions sho has fergotan to tun off tho stove ok the rant doar, She canbe no knger trusted ogo anys on her om because she may na reer Now ‘et bac home Duo to he nal of this ade she ha trouble ng ‘height words taking partin conversations, 8 Tho 62 year-old patentis vis cabled by the sympoms of hie ord, ‘thas not yt acted his meta scutes you may tik thas because he speaks ina monotone and has no expressian on i ae), but his body roluse 0 funtion wea Hs postr has become stoped ae has apo ounce wemori his hands, oven when they aes el. Everyday actos such aa oldng a eacup steady or going xt of the bec have become challenge. He doosn’ wat much now and when he dose, ake el stops and shuts is fot a ‘The 65:yearok woman italy showed mata syplons such as mood wins, sc wit, nly ecimemeny aoa, which wero mistkeriy lagnosed as mild deprossin, Later, however, they develop no sia symptoms, nln ky moveronts, spoach impaiment and sere ‘areaut her daye became a series of eral. Thistype ost fs uncer calgary ‘sporadic accounts fr about 85% ofall casos. he remaining elogores ar atogenc’ acne ough ‘medial procedure) roid” (tha famly iso of geass the 8oat commen - nace 8 Te patent 7 yao elders me, Due hay sesh ‘20 o¥er mary years nehaslocis abit fa new meres So, fry stan, he as to recogni a poson ha hs ma ew ints ago oF ogee ‘hye has ust antared arom, His recall pst events azo alec ‘stagmenary and iscontnwcs. Ton the gaps his memoy, he mos Up stres. homeware baloves tha they a tue. Ase tom he mony los, hisittigence and socials are ntact and he appees ieremea Exercise 7 Complete the text. The frst letter of each missing word has been given, "ro ory isan eldry woman who ub qt eceny way funtonng ‘ad communicate porsn, akg cre fhe aca chien ae ranch ‘en. Now with Aziimor's hos nat he persone used tobe, an never wilbe again “The cary symptoms of (1 began afew years ago wth ‘soominty cstomaty @. She couttnt Important ppeinimens, wor he ul her tinge and sh hed wouble ee Ing th gh wor, LAs hor amy thought noting of assuring that hor memory (@) were anomal pata (6).twas ‘ot ntl se started to fol anne inher own ous al hey talon ‘hat something mor insisious wes under Th foars wer conf by ‘es om coneemed iy ands who so naled hat she was bong unk hese Soon atewards, vst nowcogs rele a devastating agnosis of mice stage Azer’ (©) Forunaty rs Pony'se. (sn co bad that eho needs runt helo ero ina nursing one, sof boing looked afer in er house, Tho are nes ‘hon she is vary conse, but she ean ti have som good days, LEARNING Exercise 1 $¢ choose the correct opton: a,b or to complete the text. !chavioursm sa schoo of thought which focus on sient bso able bios oppoced (1) stato, such as hiring ‘The bosnvourit perspec assures thal we awl brn a lank ates cr tabula re, wali to be writen on, According to bahar, vty ‘rmyting a human doos regarded a behaviours al beau she eau of erring rowan he (2 wah he envrormnent. Some oma of eaming are rlatvoly spe. For instance, with ime you gow {9 onan oud ingona fom your mio phone and you ay ls altertion ito you ae not started when you hari. This ype oF Tening i eats habituation ane! i votes at etn to tl a are fara et reposted (2. Oter ype fearing are more comple. One type, elasscal condoning, vec mating a (6) batwoon vo stimu ab when you (6) some food wih oat Ing sek and desi a stong 0 The cher ype, oper fant condoning, about associating behaviour wih a stimu moans that your behaviours conoid ane sheped throu desired or undesired - (@ hat alow it, suet ming ona rm parents or ‘Beanng you room or eclving arebuke Hora teacher when You ate ae ‘Operant condoning comes in four pet: postive reinforcement not