ASSIGNMENT OF MEETING 11

Vertical Gardening: A New Concept of Modern Era Quiz

Name : Agung Nugroho

Class : Agroteknologi
Nim : 21102210006
Lecturer : Dian Fadhilawati, M. Pd.

Please answer the questions based on the text that you have read! (Score: 100)

1. What are vertical gardens?

Vertical gardens are also referred as
Green wall, Living wall or Bio walls. A green wall is a wall, either free-standing or part
of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and, in some cases,soil or
an inorganic growing medium.

2. Basically, there are four fundamental mechanisms that characterize green vertical systems
as passive systems for energy savings, what are they?
Shadow produced by the vegetation,
insulation provided by vegetation and substrate evaporative cooling by evapo-transpiration
and the barrier effect to wind.

3. Mention and explain the benefits of t Green Wall!

Benefits of Green Wall
Aesthetic benefits
Green wall is often used to improve the aesthetic value of the urban area. Vegetation
can provide visual contrast and relief from the highly built-up city environment. Plants
also give the city dwellers a sense of closeness to the Mother Nature in the hard
concrete jungle in the city. Apart from that, natural landscape provides elements of
natural scale and visual beauty as well as seasonal indicator to buildings and streets. In
addition, softness of the greenery compared to the hard surface of the concrete can
also provide visual relief to plain walls. Unattractive building walls can be veiled by the
green walls and vegetation.
Improved thermal efficiency of the building
Plants can offer cooling benefits in the city through two mechanisms, direct shading and
evaporative transpiration. The plants used in green walls provide shade to the building
and shading extent depends on the density of the plants in the green walls. Shading of
building leads to temperature reduction in and around building.Green walls provide
minimum diurnal fluctuation through providing insulation to the building. It has been
reported that Green walls can reduce the surface temperature of buildings by as much
as 15.2oC
Indoor air quality improvement
Plants have been widely believed to be effective scavengers of both gaseous and
particulate pollutants from the atmosphere in the urban environment. They can improve
the air quality by filtering out airborne particles in their leavesand branches as well as by
absorbing gaseous pollutants through photosynthesis. They filter airborne particles in
their leaves and branches as well as absorb gaseous pollutants. Through bio filtration,
Volatile Organic Compounds commonly known as VOCs are absorbed through both
plants and planting medium.
Economical benefits
Plants introduced around buildings can improve construction integrity by reducing the
weather effect. The uses of green walls reduce the climatic stress on building façades
and prolong the service and practical life of buildings. It also helps in the reduction of
building deterioration by UV (ultra violet) rays. Reduced cost on the painting materials
is one of the economical benefit of the green walls. It has been reported that in warmer
climates, energy used for cooling in a building can be reduced by 28%. Greenery can
also add value to the property
Improvement of Health and Wellness
It has been proved that visual and physical contacts with plants can result in direct
health benefits. Green wall can generate restorative effects leading to decreased stress;
improve patient recovery rate and higher resistance to illness. The vertical gardens
helps in absorbing the obnoxious gases and volatile compounds produced due to the use
of all modern amenities, thus reducing the risk of cancer, stroke, depression, heart and
respiratory ailments.

4. There are many causes of the urban heat island effect, please mention and explain them!
There are following causes of urban heat island effect.
a) Canyon geometry
Urban canyons, especially the deep ones, work as traps which decrease the loss of both short-
wave and long wave radiation emitted from streets and building will eventually find their way
into indoor space or re-emit back to the surroundings after sunset.
b) Building materials
During the day time, more sensible heat can be stored in building materials, such as concrete,
brick and asphalt, due to their big heat capacity. The stored heat will then be released back to
the environment at night.
c) Greenhouse effect
Long-wave radiation can easily be trapped inside the polluted urban atmosphere due to the
greenhouse effect.
d) Anthropogenic heat source
Anthropogenic heat generated from industrial combustion, traffic, air-conditioners and so on
can aggravate the UHI effect.
e) Evaporative cooling source
The UHI effect can be mitigated by evaporative cooling means, such as vegetation, water
body and so on, since more incident energy can be transformed into latent heat rather than
sensible heat. Unfortunately, the lack of such evaporative cooling methods in cities,
especially the loss of greenery, causes severe UHI effect.
f) Wind pattern
Heat trapped inside urban canyons can be averted from source areas by turbulent transfer.
However, such heat loss from within streets can be reduced where there is possible
obstruction of wind flow by urban settings. In this case, ventilation in urban open space is of
great importance. Most of the solar radiation were intercepted and seized by the dense
foliages of the plants, except for a very small portion transformed

5. Mention other benefits of the Green-wall!

Other Benefits of Green Wall Includes
• Reducing internal room temperature by 5 to 10 degrees in summer by installing
them from outside.
• Plants are away from soil- borne diseases.
• More plants with in limited space.
• Helps in saving water.
• Helps in hiding less attractive portions of landscape.
• Provides excellent air circulation for the plants.
• Can provide privacy and a disguise from unattractive views.

6. Mention and explain two classifications of Green- wall!

Classification of Vertical Gardens/Green Walls
There are two main categories of green walls: green façades and living walls. Green
facades are made up of climbing plants either growing directly on a wall or, more
recently, specially designed supporting structures. The plant shoot system grows up the
side of the building while being rooted in the ground. With a living wall, the modular
panels are often made of stainless steel containers, geo textiles, irrigation systems, a
growing medium and vegetation.The vegetation for a green façade is always attached
on outside walls; although some living walls can also be green walls for interior use.

7. Please mention the Requirement of plants and media for different types of vertical gardens
that you read in the text!
- Wall Climbing is used for Ground climbing Plants on the ground or in planter boxes and
minimal support structures are required
- Hanging Plants with long stems dangling on the ground in planting boxes on each floor,
Planter boxes and support structures must be made according to the floor
- Modular type for Short plants Lightweight panels of artificial planting media Support
structures for hanging or placing modules must be built on the facade

8. Explain about Planning a vertical garden!

Planning for the Vertical Garden
Planning includes suitable location, local climate, availability of plant material, set up of
supporting structures including necessary preparations for integrated drip-tube irrigation
etc. A vertical garden can be built virtually in any location and key to success is the
selection of the right species for the right location.

9. Explain how to construct Green Wall

a) Design
For the overall design, a lot of inspiration is taken from natural shapes and environments
where these types of plants have their origin, and in the smaller scale each species is
given a context where it can develop its characteristics
b) Installation
A vertical garden can be installed in almost any location and as a living material; the
potential of integrating plants in our urban environments is interesting.
c) Maintenance
As the supply of the basic needs of plants (light, water and nutrients) are automated,
plants remain healthy, reduces maintenance demand and makes the vertical garden
possible to use on high buildings or other places where accessibility is limited.
10. Mention the Steps Involved in the Preparation of Vertical Garden!
Steps Involved in the Preparation of Vertical Garden
• The Vertical Garden is composed of three parts: a metal frame, a PVC layer and a
layer of felt.
• The metal frame is hung on a wall or can be self-standing.
• PVC sheet of 1.00 cm thickness is riveted to the metal frame. This layer brings
rigidity to the whole structure and makes it waterproof.
• A felt layer, made of polyamide, is stapled on the PVC. This felt is rot proof and its
high capillarity allow homogeneous water distribution and the plant roots grow well on felt.
• Slits are cut in the outer felt layer to create pockets into which the plants are placed.
• Plants are installed on this felt layer as seeds, cuttings or already grown plants. The
density is about thirty plants per square meter.
• The watering is provided from the top supplemented with nutrients. Watering and
fertilization are automated.
• A pump and drip irrigation system supply nutrient-laden water, which slowly
cascades down the wall through the felt material layers until reaching the bottom where a
collector recovers the excess for reuse .
• The whole weight of the vertical garden including plants and metal frame is lowerthan
25 kg per square meter.
Thus, the vertical garden can be implemented on any wall, without any size or height.