▪ Watts per square meter

This method takes an allowance of watts per square meter of the area to be illuminated according
to the illumination desire on an average figure of overall efficiency of the systems.

▪ Lumen/Luminous Flux
This method is used to calculate the average illuminance on working planes, or the number of
luminaires required to provide a specified average illuminance in rooms.

▪ Using “inverse square law”

This uses the intensity of the light to an observer from a source is inversely proportional to the
square of the distance from the observer to the source.
The following equation is use in the lumen method of design:
EA
N = -------------------------
L.D.L x U.F. x M.F.

Where:

✓ E = the average horizontal illumination at the working place in lux.

✓ A = the area of the working plane in square meters.

L.D.L. = Lighting Design Lumens. This is the recommended output value of a lamp used to guide
Engineers when planning scheme layout.

✓ U.F. = utilization factor.

✓ M.F. = the maintenance factor

✓ N = Number of lamps which is the number of a lamps of a particular type and ratings needed
as being deduced from the lumen output.
.
STEP ONE

Determine the room dimensions and calculate the area.

STEP TWO

Determine the UF and MF.

STEP THREE
Calculate the No. of the lamps (N) required to give the
calculated amount of lumen.
E, Average Horizontal Illumination = 200 lux

L.D.L., Lighting Design Lumens. = 2000

U.F., Utilization Factor = 50%

M.F., Maintenance Factor = 0.8