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Escuela de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería

Escuela de Matemáticas
Algebra lineal 2

Taller algebra lineal 2

1. The example at the start of the chapter has powers of this matrix A:
     
,8 ,3 2 ,70 ,45 ∞ ,6 ,6
A= A = A =
,2 ,7 ,30 ,55 ,4 ,4

Find the eigenvalues of these matrices. All powers have the same eigenvectors.

Show from A how a row exchange can produce dierent eigenvalues.

(b) Why is a zero eigenvalue not changed by the steps of elimination?

The eigenvalues are 1 and 0.5 for A, 1 and 0.25 for A2 , 1 and 0 for A∞ .
Exchanging the rows of A changes the eigenvalues to 1 and -0.5 (the trace is now 0.2 + 0.3).
Singular matrices stay singular during elimination, so λ = 0λ = 0 does not change.

2. Find the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of these two matrices:

   
1 4 2 4
A= ; and A + I =
2 3 2 4

A+I has the same eigenvectors as A. Its eigenvalues are increased by 1.

For the eigenvectors we see that

((+A + I) − 0I) = A + I; ((A + I) − 6I) = A − 5I

which were handled above. Thus A and A+I have the same eigenvectors.

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3. Compute the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors A and A−1 .Check the trace:

  −1 
0 2 −1 1
A= ; and A = 21
1 1 2 0

A−1 has the same eigenvectors as A. When A has eigenvalues λ1 and λ2 , its inverse has ei-
genvalues, λ1 and λ1
1 2

The trace of A is 0+1=-1+2=1,λ1 + λ1 .

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