2022 Energy Balance

Experiment

Name: Mohamed Ahmed Fouad

ID:7008
Sec:1
lab:1

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 Energy Balance Experiment

INTRO:
 An energy balance helps us
understand how products are
transformed into one another,
highlight the various
relationships among these
products, and show how all
energy types are ultimately
used. The energy balance
presents all the data in a
common. Finding methods to
boost the engine's
performance in terms of
efficiency and power output Figure 1 : energy balance
apparatus
will gain from understanding
how energy is lost. Most
engine energy studies seem to be conducted for this primary
reason. A higher proportion of the fuel's energy is transformed into
power output because of increasing the engine's efficiency.
Performance is noticed to have improved. Although it is a frequent
objective to better understand engine functioning to increase
efficiency, there are numerous other reasons why an energy
balancing study can aid in achieving this objective.

OBJECIVE:
 to understand the advantages of engine energy balance, how engine
testing is done, and how performance is determined.

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 Energy Balance Experiment

THEORY OF OPERATION:
Figure 2

 Fuel power (Q° f )=m° f ∗Qh. v

 Brake power( Pb)=τ∗ω

 Q coolling=mc w × C pw × ΔTc w

 Q exhuast=m ex × C pex × ΔT ex

 The only term that can’t be direct obtained is Qsurrounding and This
term we cannot measure it, but we can calculate it from the
difference of the fuel power and the other losses. This type of
losses may go to the oil or friction or by radiation from the
cylinder block or anything we cannot calculate easily

CURVES AND DATA:

 We will make a variable load test for the engine. All sensors are
connected to the engine and all indicators are working.

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 Energy Balance Experiment
Procedure:

 Start the engine

 Open the throttle valve until the speed reach 1000 rpm
 Wait while the engine is running until you reach steady state
 Read all the data shown in the table from the indicators
NO. Speed LOAD Hcw Tci Tco Hw-air (m) Tex Vfue Time
(rpm) (Lb) (mm) (℃) (℃ ) (℃ ) l ¿)
(ml )
1 1000 5 38 29.7 32 0.023 40 50 98

2 1000 10 38 34.3 36.1 0.023 55.7 50 85

3 1000 15 38 37.6 39.6 0.023 66.1 50 76

 Repeat the same procedures with load varying between (0, 5,

10, 15, and 20) lb.
By using rules:
 Mair=1.23∗0.658∗0.001353∗√( 2∗g∗hw∗813.008)
 Mcw=0.0533292∗√(h)
 Bp=load∗N∗0.748/2800
 Exhaust losses=me∗Cpex∗(Tex−Tamp)
 Mex=mair +m fuel
 Coolant losses=mc∗cp∗(Tcwo−Tcwi)
 Tamp=25℃

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 Energy Balance Experiment
Load Time M° f Qf BP Hcw M ° cw Tcwo Tcwi Qt
lb sec Kg/s Kw Kw mm Kg /s ℃ ℃ Kw

5 98 18.25 1.332 38 0.3287 32 29.7 3.175

¿ −4
4. 235 10

10 85 21.04 2.664 38 0.3287 36.1 34.3 2.485

¿ −4
4. 882 10

15 76 23.54 3.996 38 0.3287 39.6 37.6 2.761

¿ −4
5. 461 10

M ° air M ° ex Hair Tex Qex Qsurr

Kg /s Kg /s m ℃ Kw Kw

0.021 0.02141 0.023 40 0.3629 13.38

0.021 0.02148 0.023 55.7 0.7452 15.15

0.021 0.02154 0.023 66.1 1.0004 15.78

THE CURVES:

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Figure 6: Qex against LOAD

Figure 3: Qf against LOAD

Figure 4: BP against LOAD

Figure 10: Q cooling as
a curve

Figure 7: Qsurr against LOAD

Figure 5: Qt against LOAD

Now
we
combine

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 Energy Balance Experiment
all the five figures from 2 to 7 to compare between them and then get
percentage of each loss:

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 Energy Balance Experiment

Figure 8: intersection combined

Figure 9: normal view of combined

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 Energy Balance Experiment
The percentage calculation:
For a load of 10 lb. the percentage of each energy contribution is given
by:
 B . P %=( B . P/Qf )∗100=12.66 %
 Q coolling %=(Q coolling /Qf )∗100=11.81%
 Q exhuast %=(Q exhuast /Qf )∗100=3.54 %
 Q surr %=(B . P /Qf )∗100=72.01 %

Conclusion:
 The results may not be accurate not only the curves as shown in
figures is best fit but also there is no doubt that some errors
occurred during the experiment which led to some non-logical
values.
 As you can see the Qcooling is decreasing because of drawing
using a best fit also the Qsurr is increasing which is logically not
right so the error maybe when taking reading causing human error
and wrong relations, look at fig (10&11).

 The findings indicate that the brake power is inadequate in relation

to the total energy. The engine is a low performance engine since
the usable power gain is too low and Qsurr, or uncountable energy
waste, is too high.

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